NUFS EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What are some of the criteria for a research study to be defined as "well controlled"? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅There should be a placebo, double-blind study, random assignment to groups will
help find more consistent results, use humans in the study
What should be controlled for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅When a study is controlled it allows the
researcher to get the most accurate results and findings. There are no loopholes within the study.
What does a study that utilized good methodology look like? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. logical
rationale (what researchers want to explore, what they already know, and what they want to find)
2. Appropriate subjects (male or female, fit or not, depending on study)
3. Valid performance tests (does sports drink help?)
4. placebo
5. random assignment of subjects
6. Double-blind protocol
7. Control of extraneous factors
8. Appropriate data analysis (statistics)
Placebo - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅sugar pill, fake drink, etc. given to some of the participants
without them knowing to see the actual results of the individuals with the real pill or drink in contrast to
the individuals with the placebo
Double blind - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅When both the researcher and the individuals do not know
who has the placebo or the real pill, drink, etc.
Independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅what you implement in the study (the cause)
Dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅factors that you can measure (the effect)
Randomly assigned - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅create groups in complete randomness to ensure that
the study is as controlled as possible
, Experimental - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Essential to establishing a cause and effect relationship
TREATMENT
-Tighter control on what goes in participants in study
-Shorter time-frame: due to money concerns
Often utilizing;
Randomized selection and assignment from larger population: get representative sample, but in reality
only get volunteers, so might not be a good generalization of population
Do have control in assignment to groups
Treatment (high fat diet) and control groups (low fat diet, a group you can compare to)
Can be more than 2 groups in a study
Placebo (fake treatment)
Single/double blind
SIZE MATTERS- MORE PEOPLE STUDYING THE MORE CONVINCING THE RESULTS ARE
Observational - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Study large populations to find relationships between two
variables
- ex. (trying to understand relationship between eating fast food and heart disease)
- does not determine cause or effect
either retrospective or prospective
Prospective - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Examines individuals without disease and are studied for
years. then conclusions are made to identify why some developed disease and others did not
Retrospective: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅findings done with surveys, past data, or medical records
(poor source of data)
Compare those with a disease to a similar group (cohort) without the disease
- ex. researchers gathering group of people who have had a heart attack and those have not, figuring
out habits, characteristics, eating habits that have lead individuals who have had heart attacks to why
they had it. What makes them different? Behaviors or lifestyles that have allowed them not to have a
heart attack?
What are some of the criteria for a research study to be defined as "well controlled"? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅There should be a placebo, double-blind study, random assignment to groups will
help find more consistent results, use humans in the study
What should be controlled for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅When a study is controlled it allows the
researcher to get the most accurate results and findings. There are no loopholes within the study.
What does a study that utilized good methodology look like? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. logical
rationale (what researchers want to explore, what they already know, and what they want to find)
2. Appropriate subjects (male or female, fit or not, depending on study)
3. Valid performance tests (does sports drink help?)
4. placebo
5. random assignment of subjects
6. Double-blind protocol
7. Control of extraneous factors
8. Appropriate data analysis (statistics)
Placebo - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅sugar pill, fake drink, etc. given to some of the participants
without them knowing to see the actual results of the individuals with the real pill or drink in contrast to
the individuals with the placebo
Double blind - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅When both the researcher and the individuals do not know
who has the placebo or the real pill, drink, etc.
Independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅what you implement in the study (the cause)
Dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅factors that you can measure (the effect)
Randomly assigned - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅create groups in complete randomness to ensure that
the study is as controlled as possible
, Experimental - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Essential to establishing a cause and effect relationship
TREATMENT
-Tighter control on what goes in participants in study
-Shorter time-frame: due to money concerns
Often utilizing;
Randomized selection and assignment from larger population: get representative sample, but in reality
only get volunteers, so might not be a good generalization of population
Do have control in assignment to groups
Treatment (high fat diet) and control groups (low fat diet, a group you can compare to)
Can be more than 2 groups in a study
Placebo (fake treatment)
Single/double blind
SIZE MATTERS- MORE PEOPLE STUDYING THE MORE CONVINCING THE RESULTS ARE
Observational - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Study large populations to find relationships between two
variables
- ex. (trying to understand relationship between eating fast food and heart disease)
- does not determine cause or effect
either retrospective or prospective
Prospective - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Examines individuals without disease and are studied for
years. then conclusions are made to identify why some developed disease and others did not
Retrospective: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅findings done with surveys, past data, or medical records
(poor source of data)
Compare those with a disease to a similar group (cohort) without the disease
- ex. researchers gathering group of people who have had a heart attack and those have not, figuring
out habits, characteristics, eating habits that have lead individuals who have had heart attacks to why
they had it. What makes them different? Behaviors or lifestyles that have allowed them not to have a
heart attack?
