NR565 Final Exam
A condition characterized by the overproduction f thyroid
What is hyperthyroidism?
hormone, leading to accelerated metabolic processes
What laboratory test is primarily TSH, low levels indicate high thyroid hormone levels
used to diagnose
hyperthyroidism?
What additional lab test confirms free thyroxine (T4), elevated levels of T4
hyperthyroidism?
Which lab test may be total T3- elevated levels may indicate hyperthyroidism
elevated in cases of T4
toxicosis?
What antibodies are tested to thyroid antibodies (ex. TSI for grave's disease)
help determine the cause of
hyperthyroidism?
What laboratory test is primarily TSH- elevated levels indicate low thyroid hormone levels
used to diagnose
hypothyroidism?
What additional lab test confirms free thyroxine (T4)- low levels confirm hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism?
Which antibodies are tested to thyroid antibodies (ex. anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies)
help diagnose Hashimoto's
thyroiditis?
What are common causes of Grave's disease, other conditions affecting the thyroid or stimulating
hyperthyroidism? glands
What are common symptoms of unintended weight loss, rapid heartbeat, sweating, nervousness,
hyperthryroidism? irritability
What are the treatment antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or thyroid surgery
options for
hyperthyroidism?
first-line antithyroid drug used to treat hyperthyroidism by
What is methimazole used for?
inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis
,What are the unique safer and more convenient than PTU, preferred except in the
features of first trimester of pregnancy
methimazole?
How does methimazole work? blocks the enzyme thyroid peroxidase, reducing synthesis of T3 and T4
hormones
What are potential side effects of agranulocytosis and hypothyroidism (from supra-therapeutic doses)
methimazole?
second-line antithyroid drug primarily used in the first
What is PTU used for?
trimester of pregnancy and for thyroid storm
How does PTU work? it inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and peripheral conversion of T4
to T3
a condition where the thyroid gland is under active, leading
What is hypothyroidism?
to insufficient production of thyroid hormones
What are common symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, and depression
hypothyroidism?
What is levothyroxine used for? it is a synthetic thyroid hormone replacement used to manage
hypothyroidism
it supplements thyroid hormone levels, converting T4 to T3,
How does levothyroxine work?
normalizing metabolic processes
What are potential side effects of thyrotoxicosis, osteoporosis, and atrial fibrillation with chronic overdose
levothyroxine?
What is the preferred PTU is preferred due to its lower risk of crossing the placenta
antithyroid medication
during the first trimester of
pregnancy?
it is safe and essential, dosage may need to be increased to
How does levothyroxine affect
pregnancy? meet higher demands during pregnancy
How is levothyroxine dosed in dosage is adjusted for age and weight, starting higher for
pediatric patients? infants with congenital hypothyroidism
taken orally on an empty stomach, ideally 30-60 minutes
before eating, to enhance absorption
How should levothyroxine be
administered? IV administration may be used in acute settings (myxedema coma)
important to space out other medications that decrease absorption by
4 hours
What considerations should be start with a lower dose, monitor for cardiovascular effects,
taken when prescribing and assess for polypharmacy and drug interactions
levothyroxine to older adults?
What is the timeframe for re- TSH levels should be monitored 6-8 weeks after starting
checking labs after starting treatment to determine if a euthyroid state has been
levothyroxine? achieved
, complications such as preterm birth , low birth weight,
What is the result of not
developmental delays in the child and increased risk of
treating hypothyroidism during
maternal health issues, including preeclampsia and anemia
pregnancy?
What are common symptoms of high fever, rapid heart rate, increase BP, sweating, nervousness,
thyroid storm? agitation, tremors, confusion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
fatigue, weakness
beta-blockers, such as propranolol, are commonly used to
Medication to treat symptoms of
treat symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including rapid
hyperthyroidism (notice this is
heartbeat, anxiety, and tremors
treatingsymptoms and not the
hyperthyroidism itself)?
they help provide symptomatic relief without addressing the
underlying thyroid hormone levels
A condition characterized by the overproduction f thyroid
What is hyperthyroidism?
hormone, leading to accelerated metabolic processes
What laboratory test is primarily TSH, low levels indicate high thyroid hormone levels
used to diagnose
hyperthyroidism?
What additional lab test confirms free thyroxine (T4), elevated levels of T4
hyperthyroidism?
Which lab test may be total T3- elevated levels may indicate hyperthyroidism
elevated in cases of T4
toxicosis?
What antibodies are tested to thyroid antibodies (ex. TSI for grave's disease)
help determine the cause of
hyperthyroidism?
What laboratory test is primarily TSH- elevated levels indicate low thyroid hormone levels
used to diagnose
hypothyroidism?
What additional lab test confirms free thyroxine (T4)- low levels confirm hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism?
Which antibodies are tested to thyroid antibodies (ex. anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies)
help diagnose Hashimoto's
thyroiditis?
What are common causes of Grave's disease, other conditions affecting the thyroid or stimulating
hyperthyroidism? glands
What are common symptoms of unintended weight loss, rapid heartbeat, sweating, nervousness,
hyperthryroidism? irritability
What are the treatment antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or thyroid surgery
options for
hyperthyroidism?
first-line antithyroid drug used to treat hyperthyroidism by
What is methimazole used for?
inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis
,What are the unique safer and more convenient than PTU, preferred except in the
features of first trimester of pregnancy
methimazole?
How does methimazole work? blocks the enzyme thyroid peroxidase, reducing synthesis of T3 and T4
hormones
What are potential side effects of agranulocytosis and hypothyroidism (from supra-therapeutic doses)
methimazole?
second-line antithyroid drug primarily used in the first
What is PTU used for?
trimester of pregnancy and for thyroid storm
How does PTU work? it inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and peripheral conversion of T4
to T3
a condition where the thyroid gland is under active, leading
What is hypothyroidism?
to insufficient production of thyroid hormones
What are common symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, and depression
hypothyroidism?
What is levothyroxine used for? it is a synthetic thyroid hormone replacement used to manage
hypothyroidism
it supplements thyroid hormone levels, converting T4 to T3,
How does levothyroxine work?
normalizing metabolic processes
What are potential side effects of thyrotoxicosis, osteoporosis, and atrial fibrillation with chronic overdose
levothyroxine?
What is the preferred PTU is preferred due to its lower risk of crossing the placenta
antithyroid medication
during the first trimester of
pregnancy?
it is safe and essential, dosage may need to be increased to
How does levothyroxine affect
pregnancy? meet higher demands during pregnancy
How is levothyroxine dosed in dosage is adjusted for age and weight, starting higher for
pediatric patients? infants with congenital hypothyroidism
taken orally on an empty stomach, ideally 30-60 minutes
before eating, to enhance absorption
How should levothyroxine be
administered? IV administration may be used in acute settings (myxedema coma)
important to space out other medications that decrease absorption by
4 hours
What considerations should be start with a lower dose, monitor for cardiovascular effects,
taken when prescribing and assess for polypharmacy and drug interactions
levothyroxine to older adults?
What is the timeframe for re- TSH levels should be monitored 6-8 weeks after starting
checking labs after starting treatment to determine if a euthyroid state has been
levothyroxine? achieved
, complications such as preterm birth , low birth weight,
What is the result of not
developmental delays in the child and increased risk of
treating hypothyroidism during
maternal health issues, including preeclampsia and anemia
pregnancy?
What are common symptoms of high fever, rapid heart rate, increase BP, sweating, nervousness,
thyroid storm? agitation, tremors, confusion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
fatigue, weakness
beta-blockers, such as propranolol, are commonly used to
Medication to treat symptoms of
treat symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including rapid
hyperthyroidism (notice this is
heartbeat, anxiety, and tremors
treatingsymptoms and not the
hyperthyroidism itself)?
they help provide symptomatic relief without addressing the
underlying thyroid hormone levels
