MSK ICM AUA MED 3
What is the most common knee ligament injury - answer Anterior Cruciate Ligament
(ACL)
What is the role of the ACL - answer Anterior/Posterior Stability, Proprioception
Mechanical Function
What is the mechanism of ACL injury - answer External rotation with abduction of the
flexed knee, or hyperextension of knee in internal rotation
What are the clinical features of ACL injury - answer Knee immediately collapse and is
painful (Intense Pain), Popping sensation felt or heard, Acute Inflammation, Swelling of
Knee, Due to Hemarthrosis and Traumatic Synovitis
How to Clinically examine and diagnose ACL injury - answer Anterior Subluxation for >
5 degrees suggests lax or disrupted ACL, Anterior Drawer test If Tibia shifts anteriorly 6-
8mm = positive test, Lachman's test Hold knee on thigh and push down on patient
things and pull on tibia
What is the gold standard test for ACL injury – answer MRI is the gold standard, an X-
ray can be used A.P lateral, Intercondylar notch view
What are the Clinical Features of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury - answer Pain,
Swelling, and tenderness over Popliteal fossa, difficulty with last 10-20 degree flexion of
the knee
What is the terrible Triad (unhappy triad) - answer a Lateral Blow usually damages
Medial Collateral Ligament, ACL, Medial Menisci tear
What is the Test for MCL – answer Valgus stress test for MCL apply pressure on MCL
by pulling leg out and pushing on LCL. Positive for MCL is noise being heard
What is the Test for LCL – answer Varus stress test for LCL apply pressure on LCL by
pushing leg in and pulling on MCL. Positive for LCL is noise being heard
What is the clinical features of a Meniscal Injury - answerPain on inner aspect of knee,
History of locking of knee, Feeling of something is moving within the joint, Click noise
What is the test for Meniscal Injury - answerMcMurray's test = force flexion and internal
rotation
Positive test if both pain and clunk to be felt by examiners finger on the medial side
What is the most common knee ligament injury - answer Anterior Cruciate Ligament
(ACL)
What is the role of the ACL - answer Anterior/Posterior Stability, Proprioception
Mechanical Function
What is the mechanism of ACL injury - answer External rotation with abduction of the
flexed knee, or hyperextension of knee in internal rotation
What are the clinical features of ACL injury - answer Knee immediately collapse and is
painful (Intense Pain), Popping sensation felt or heard, Acute Inflammation, Swelling of
Knee, Due to Hemarthrosis and Traumatic Synovitis
How to Clinically examine and diagnose ACL injury - answer Anterior Subluxation for >
5 degrees suggests lax or disrupted ACL, Anterior Drawer test If Tibia shifts anteriorly 6-
8mm = positive test, Lachman's test Hold knee on thigh and push down on patient
things and pull on tibia
What is the gold standard test for ACL injury – answer MRI is the gold standard, an X-
ray can be used A.P lateral, Intercondylar notch view
What are the Clinical Features of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury - answer Pain,
Swelling, and tenderness over Popliteal fossa, difficulty with last 10-20 degree flexion of
the knee
What is the terrible Triad (unhappy triad) - answer a Lateral Blow usually damages
Medial Collateral Ligament, ACL, Medial Menisci tear
What is the Test for MCL – answer Valgus stress test for MCL apply pressure on MCL
by pulling leg out and pushing on LCL. Positive for MCL is noise being heard
What is the Test for LCL – answer Varus stress test for LCL apply pressure on LCL by
pushing leg in and pulling on MCL. Positive for LCL is noise being heard
What is the clinical features of a Meniscal Injury - answerPain on inner aspect of knee,
History of locking of knee, Feeling of something is moving within the joint, Click noise
What is the test for Meniscal Injury - answerMcMurray's test = force flexion and internal
rotation
Positive test if both pain and clunk to be felt by examiners finger on the medial side
