Atmos 1000- Final Exam Questions
With 100% Correct Answers
According to the book Secrets of the Greatest Snow on Earth, approximately how many avalanche
paths threaten State Route 210 (SR-210) and other roads in Little Cottonwood Canyon? - ANS50
Which highway has the highest avalanche hazard of any highway in North America? - ANSState Route
210 through Little Cottonwood Canyon, UT
According to the book Secrets of the Greatest Snow on Earth, what was the seasonal population in
the Town of Alta in 1873? - ANS3,000
According to a Salt Lake Tribune article in 1884, how many people had been killed by snowslides in
and around Alta up until that point? - ANS143
In contrast, how many people died according to more recent estimates from the Alta Historical
Society? - ANS74
In the "original" 1930's Utah Interconnect (during which people skied from Park City to Little
Cottonwood Canyon) where did people stay overnight? - ANSRose Hotel, Brighton
Who convinced the Utah National Guard to bring a 75-millimeter French Howitzer to Little
Cottonwood Canyon to do avalanche control work? - ANSMonte Atwater
Which trained snow scientist came to Alta in 1952 and pushed avalanche research in Little
Cottonwood to new heights? - ANSEd LaChapelle
What military grade weapon fires large shells into avalanche starting zones to trigger avalanches
when the highway is closed in Little Cottonwood Canyon? - ANSHowitzer
Based on the videos, which of the following are used for contemporary avalanche mitigation efforts
in upper Little Cottonwood Canyon? - ANSAll of the above
(Howizer)
,(O'belix)
(Gazex)
(Wyssen Tower)
What type of avalanche mitigation system is pictured below? - ANSWyssen Tower
An area of restricted travel when non-essential personnel are confined to homes or lodges in Little
Cottonwood Canyon is known as - ANSInterlodge
A day when the highway is closed but the ski areas are open is known as a - ANSCountry club day
From the mid-1940s through the 2012-2013 winter, how many ski patrollers died while engaged in
avalanche and snow-safety work in the United States? - ANS25
The group with primary responsibility for avalanche safety along SR-210 in Little Cottonwood Canyon
is - ANSUtah Department of Transportation (UDOT)
The Tanners, White Pine Chutes, White Pine, and Little Pine avalanche paths that are most critical for
avalanche risk along SR-210 in Little Cottonwood Canyon are located - ANSIn the middle of Little
Cottonwood Canyon
Avalanche risk is measured using an Avalanche Hazard Index (AHI), which provides a number
representing the potential avalanche threat based on snowfall, terrain, and traffic volume. A value of
less than 10 is considered low and greater than 150 is considered very high. Without avalanche
control, the Avalanche Hazard Index in Little Cottonwood Canyon, assuming 2018 traffic volumes, is -
ANS7,300
With avalanche control and the use of the Alta Bypass Road to avoid a few avalanche paths, the
avalanche hazard, assuming 2018 traffic volumes, is - ANS90
On average, how many hours per season was Little Cottonwood closed for avalanche control from
1999-2018 - ANS56.3
From 1999-2018, the most hours of avalanche closure of SR-210 in a season was - ANS108
, A snow-supporting structure - ANSHolds snow in place where avalanches start
A snow shed - ANSCovers a road to protect it from avalanches
An Earth berm - ANSStops or diverts avalanches
The picture below shows a series of avalanche fences in an avalanche starting zone above the village
of Zurs in Austria. These fences are an example of what type of avalanche mitigation system? -
ANSSnow supporting structure
The images below are of the Icelandic village of Flateyri; which is highly susceptible to avalanches.
The V-shaped structure above the village is an example of what type of avalanche mitigation system?
- ANSEarth berm
From 2004-2017, an average of how many artillery shells were used for avalanche mitigation in Little
Cottonwood Canyon? - ANS153
Little Cottonwood Canyon is home to which two National Wilderness Areas - ANSTwin Peaks and
Lone Peak Wilderness Areas
Amongst the challenges for using snow-supporting structures in some Little Cottonwood avalanche
starting zones are - ANSAll of the above
(They would need to be places in a wilderness area)
(They would inhibit backcountry skiing)
(They have substantial visual impacts)
The greatest potential reduction of avalanche hazard along SR-210 is produced by - ANSSnow sheds
Which of the following are included in both alternatives? - ANSAll of the above
(Mobility hubs)
With 100% Correct Answers
According to the book Secrets of the Greatest Snow on Earth, approximately how many avalanche
paths threaten State Route 210 (SR-210) and other roads in Little Cottonwood Canyon? - ANS50
Which highway has the highest avalanche hazard of any highway in North America? - ANSState Route
210 through Little Cottonwood Canyon, UT
According to the book Secrets of the Greatest Snow on Earth, what was the seasonal population in
the Town of Alta in 1873? - ANS3,000
According to a Salt Lake Tribune article in 1884, how many people had been killed by snowslides in
and around Alta up until that point? - ANS143
In contrast, how many people died according to more recent estimates from the Alta Historical
Society? - ANS74
In the "original" 1930's Utah Interconnect (during which people skied from Park City to Little
Cottonwood Canyon) where did people stay overnight? - ANSRose Hotel, Brighton
Who convinced the Utah National Guard to bring a 75-millimeter French Howitzer to Little
Cottonwood Canyon to do avalanche control work? - ANSMonte Atwater
Which trained snow scientist came to Alta in 1952 and pushed avalanche research in Little
Cottonwood to new heights? - ANSEd LaChapelle
What military grade weapon fires large shells into avalanche starting zones to trigger avalanches
when the highway is closed in Little Cottonwood Canyon? - ANSHowitzer
Based on the videos, which of the following are used for contemporary avalanche mitigation efforts
in upper Little Cottonwood Canyon? - ANSAll of the above
(Howizer)
,(O'belix)
(Gazex)
(Wyssen Tower)
What type of avalanche mitigation system is pictured below? - ANSWyssen Tower
An area of restricted travel when non-essential personnel are confined to homes or lodges in Little
Cottonwood Canyon is known as - ANSInterlodge
A day when the highway is closed but the ski areas are open is known as a - ANSCountry club day
From the mid-1940s through the 2012-2013 winter, how many ski patrollers died while engaged in
avalanche and snow-safety work in the United States? - ANS25
The group with primary responsibility for avalanche safety along SR-210 in Little Cottonwood Canyon
is - ANSUtah Department of Transportation (UDOT)
The Tanners, White Pine Chutes, White Pine, and Little Pine avalanche paths that are most critical for
avalanche risk along SR-210 in Little Cottonwood Canyon are located - ANSIn the middle of Little
Cottonwood Canyon
Avalanche risk is measured using an Avalanche Hazard Index (AHI), which provides a number
representing the potential avalanche threat based on snowfall, terrain, and traffic volume. A value of
less than 10 is considered low and greater than 150 is considered very high. Without avalanche
control, the Avalanche Hazard Index in Little Cottonwood Canyon, assuming 2018 traffic volumes, is -
ANS7,300
With avalanche control and the use of the Alta Bypass Road to avoid a few avalanche paths, the
avalanche hazard, assuming 2018 traffic volumes, is - ANS90
On average, how many hours per season was Little Cottonwood closed for avalanche control from
1999-2018 - ANS56.3
From 1999-2018, the most hours of avalanche closure of SR-210 in a season was - ANS108
, A snow-supporting structure - ANSHolds snow in place where avalanches start
A snow shed - ANSCovers a road to protect it from avalanches
An Earth berm - ANSStops or diverts avalanches
The picture below shows a series of avalanche fences in an avalanche starting zone above the village
of Zurs in Austria. These fences are an example of what type of avalanche mitigation system? -
ANSSnow supporting structure
The images below are of the Icelandic village of Flateyri; which is highly susceptible to avalanches.
The V-shaped structure above the village is an example of what type of avalanche mitigation system?
- ANSEarth berm
From 2004-2017, an average of how many artillery shells were used for avalanche mitigation in Little
Cottonwood Canyon? - ANS153
Little Cottonwood Canyon is home to which two National Wilderness Areas - ANSTwin Peaks and
Lone Peak Wilderness Areas
Amongst the challenges for using snow-supporting structures in some Little Cottonwood avalanche
starting zones are - ANSAll of the above
(They would need to be places in a wilderness area)
(They would inhibit backcountry skiing)
(They have substantial visual impacts)
The greatest potential reduction of avalanche hazard along SR-210 is produced by - ANSSnow sheds
Which of the following are included in both alternatives? - ANSAll of the above
(Mobility hubs)
