NAMS 165 Midterm
pomo - ANS -The Pomo tribe is located in Northern California in Mendocino, Sonoma, Colusa,
Glenn, and Lake counties. They are hunters, gatherers, and fishers. They were enslaved by the
Spanish, Russians, and Mexicans and endured a lot of cruelty. The Spanish tried to convert the
tribe to Christianity and the Mexicans forced Natives to work on farms and ranches. They made
houses from "red colored Earth" and leached acorns as a main food source. Their houses
varied from Grass Mat Houses, Cedar Bark teepees, and flat roofed houses. Their language
was a combination of seven different languages. They relied on oak trees, acorns, buckeye
nuts, grasses, and seaweed. The land animals that interacted with the tribe were elk, rabbits,
squirrels, quail, mountain sheep, and bears. The sea mammals were seals, sea lions, and sea
otters. They relied and still currently often eat the local salmon. The religion and belief system of
the Pomo tribe was Animism. This "encompassed the spiritual idea that the universe and all
natural objects animals, plants, trees, rivers, mountains and rocks have souls or spirits."
Weapons that the Pomo tribe would use were Obsidian-based spears, clubs, knives, and bows
and arrows.
coast miwok - ANS -The Coastal Miwok people resided mostly around modern day Marin
County. There was no tribe called the Coastal Miwok, but that is just the language family that
they were classified in. They had some villages, like Petaluma; which translates to "Slopping
Ridge". Within the villages, they would live in tule huts.The area they lived in was abundant with
many elk and deer, along with groves of valley oak and black oak, which would provide acorns.
The system of government that was used consisted of two female leaders and a headman;
known as hoipu, chosen by the village's elderly women; known as maien. Europeans, such as
the Spanish, came in contact with the Coastal Miwok people around 1786.
ohlone - ANS -The Ohlone tribe tribe lived in the Bay Area, the landscape was lush and green,
unrecognizable to the current landscape of the Bay today. There were large populations of elk
and grizzly bears, as well as other species of fauna. There were thirty to forty permanent
villages, they moved from village to village depending upon the harvest season. The Ohlone
people tended to the ecosystems around them, resulting in a garden like forest.
federated indians of graton rancheria - ANS -Tribe territory stretches from Bodega to
Sebastopol, southern Santa Rosa, and Marshall. Composed of southern Pomo and coastal
Miwok tribes. The collective was designated the Federated Coast Miwok in the early 1990s as
Chairman Greg Sarris fought for restoration of their federal recognition as a native tribe. Later,
they were renamed the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria on December 27, 2000 when
they achieved recognition.
spanish - ANS -Spanish settlers brought families and couples to populate the land. They were
catholic. They thought the natives were 'uncivilized', but they (they Spanish) were more a more
civilized people. They created the mission system and tried to convert the native peoples to
, catholicism. They outlawed native language and spiritual beliefs, and punished many who would
not accept Spanish influence. The Spanish brought european agriculture, tilling and cycling the
land, to the Americas. They relied on the natives to work in the missions. They introduced many
invasive species which changed the land, in addition to new diseases that decimated the native
populations. In response to colonization, the natives stopped reproducing so the population
would die out, and nobody would work in the missions. The natives also tried to flee and run
away, causing the Spanish to use brutal recapture and indoctrination techniques. The Spanish
interbred with the natives in order to keep both populations alive.
russians - ANS -The Russians were settlers that came to California in 1812. When the
Russians first came the Native people thought that their boats were huge birds flying over the
water. They built Fort Ross and hunted otters for their pelts. They almost hunted the otters to
extinction and when they thought that they had killed them all they left America. They were
Orthodox, so they weren't interested in converting people to their religion like the Catholics.
They had the Natives as workers but weren't necessarily slaves. They brought lots of new food
and crops with them but the Native Americans wouldn't eat any of it because they were afraid of
being poisoned. They also had kids with the Native women resulting in mixed children. The
Natives used the Russians for protection from the Spanish/Mexicans, British and Americans.
They settlers helped the Natives because they hardly resisted the Russians. They helped them
by giving them wages and allowed them to keep some traditions.
mexicans - ANS -The Mexicans first impression of the Indians was that they had the soul of a
wild animal but their religion prohibits them from believing those first impressions. Believing this
made it easier for them to use Vagrancy laws which would force them into indentured servitude.
The Mexicans did not believe in slavery because it went against their religious Catholic beliefs,
so they called it convict leasing instead. The Mexicans used the Indians for the mission projects
that go all the up to Sonoma, the Indians would occupy these Missions while they constructed it
and when they finished. After the missions were terminated many Indians began to live and
work on Rancherias for Mexicans.
americans - ANS -The Americans were called "miracles" because they kept coming even
though they were destroying the land without any consequences happening to them. When they
settled, they built homes, changed water ways, and the landscape by tearing down trees to
make a flat surface. They killed and enslaved many natives for money. The reading of Stone
and Kelsey stated that the natives were being tortured, starved, and killed which played an
important part between the Americans and Natives. This causes tension and creates wars
between them.
mabel mckay - ANS -Mabel McKay was known as one of the greatest basket weavers in
California of all time and also a traditional healer. She was known also as a teacher of Pomo
traditions and the last speaker of her language. Mabel McKay was a member of the Long Valley
Cache Creek Pomo Indians and she was of Patwin descent. Mabel McKay is Greg Sarris' sister.
Mabel not only healed people but she brought a whole community together. Through her
dreaming and the resurgence of old traditions, Mabel encouraged people living in the present to
pomo - ANS -The Pomo tribe is located in Northern California in Mendocino, Sonoma, Colusa,
Glenn, and Lake counties. They are hunters, gatherers, and fishers. They were enslaved by the
Spanish, Russians, and Mexicans and endured a lot of cruelty. The Spanish tried to convert the
tribe to Christianity and the Mexicans forced Natives to work on farms and ranches. They made
houses from "red colored Earth" and leached acorns as a main food source. Their houses
varied from Grass Mat Houses, Cedar Bark teepees, and flat roofed houses. Their language
was a combination of seven different languages. They relied on oak trees, acorns, buckeye
nuts, grasses, and seaweed. The land animals that interacted with the tribe were elk, rabbits,
squirrels, quail, mountain sheep, and bears. The sea mammals were seals, sea lions, and sea
otters. They relied and still currently often eat the local salmon. The religion and belief system of
the Pomo tribe was Animism. This "encompassed the spiritual idea that the universe and all
natural objects animals, plants, trees, rivers, mountains and rocks have souls or spirits."
Weapons that the Pomo tribe would use were Obsidian-based spears, clubs, knives, and bows
and arrows.
coast miwok - ANS -The Coastal Miwok people resided mostly around modern day Marin
County. There was no tribe called the Coastal Miwok, but that is just the language family that
they were classified in. They had some villages, like Petaluma; which translates to "Slopping
Ridge". Within the villages, they would live in tule huts.The area they lived in was abundant with
many elk and deer, along with groves of valley oak and black oak, which would provide acorns.
The system of government that was used consisted of two female leaders and a headman;
known as hoipu, chosen by the village's elderly women; known as maien. Europeans, such as
the Spanish, came in contact with the Coastal Miwok people around 1786.
ohlone - ANS -The Ohlone tribe tribe lived in the Bay Area, the landscape was lush and green,
unrecognizable to the current landscape of the Bay today. There were large populations of elk
and grizzly bears, as well as other species of fauna. There were thirty to forty permanent
villages, they moved from village to village depending upon the harvest season. The Ohlone
people tended to the ecosystems around them, resulting in a garden like forest.
federated indians of graton rancheria - ANS -Tribe territory stretches from Bodega to
Sebastopol, southern Santa Rosa, and Marshall. Composed of southern Pomo and coastal
Miwok tribes. The collective was designated the Federated Coast Miwok in the early 1990s as
Chairman Greg Sarris fought for restoration of their federal recognition as a native tribe. Later,
they were renamed the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria on December 27, 2000 when
they achieved recognition.
spanish - ANS -Spanish settlers brought families and couples to populate the land. They were
catholic. They thought the natives were 'uncivilized', but they (they Spanish) were more a more
civilized people. They created the mission system and tried to convert the native peoples to
, catholicism. They outlawed native language and spiritual beliefs, and punished many who would
not accept Spanish influence. The Spanish brought european agriculture, tilling and cycling the
land, to the Americas. They relied on the natives to work in the missions. They introduced many
invasive species which changed the land, in addition to new diseases that decimated the native
populations. In response to colonization, the natives stopped reproducing so the population
would die out, and nobody would work in the missions. The natives also tried to flee and run
away, causing the Spanish to use brutal recapture and indoctrination techniques. The Spanish
interbred with the natives in order to keep both populations alive.
russians - ANS -The Russians were settlers that came to California in 1812. When the
Russians first came the Native people thought that their boats were huge birds flying over the
water. They built Fort Ross and hunted otters for their pelts. They almost hunted the otters to
extinction and when they thought that they had killed them all they left America. They were
Orthodox, so they weren't interested in converting people to their religion like the Catholics.
They had the Natives as workers but weren't necessarily slaves. They brought lots of new food
and crops with them but the Native Americans wouldn't eat any of it because they were afraid of
being poisoned. They also had kids with the Native women resulting in mixed children. The
Natives used the Russians for protection from the Spanish/Mexicans, British and Americans.
They settlers helped the Natives because they hardly resisted the Russians. They helped them
by giving them wages and allowed them to keep some traditions.
mexicans - ANS -The Mexicans first impression of the Indians was that they had the soul of a
wild animal but their religion prohibits them from believing those first impressions. Believing this
made it easier for them to use Vagrancy laws which would force them into indentured servitude.
The Mexicans did not believe in slavery because it went against their religious Catholic beliefs,
so they called it convict leasing instead. The Mexicans used the Indians for the mission projects
that go all the up to Sonoma, the Indians would occupy these Missions while they constructed it
and when they finished. After the missions were terminated many Indians began to live and
work on Rancherias for Mexicans.
americans - ANS -The Americans were called "miracles" because they kept coming even
though they were destroying the land without any consequences happening to them. When they
settled, they built homes, changed water ways, and the landscape by tearing down trees to
make a flat surface. They killed and enslaved many natives for money. The reading of Stone
and Kelsey stated that the natives were being tortured, starved, and killed which played an
important part between the Americans and Natives. This causes tension and creates wars
between them.
mabel mckay - ANS -Mabel McKay was known as one of the greatest basket weavers in
California of all time and also a traditional healer. She was known also as a teacher of Pomo
traditions and the last speaker of her language. Mabel McKay was a member of the Long Valley
Cache Creek Pomo Indians and she was of Patwin descent. Mabel McKay is Greg Sarris' sister.
Mabel not only healed people but she brought a whole community together. Through her
dreaming and the resurgence of old traditions, Mabel encouraged people living in the present to
