PATHOPHYSIOLOGY exam 4 UTA questions and answers with solutions 2025

pituitary gland - ANSWER The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary Is MASTER GLAND and regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. ACTH, TSH and ADH important in this unit. ACTH - ANSWER Adrenocorticotropic hormone- stimulates the action of adrenal gland to secrete glucocorticoids like cortisol. ADH - ANSWER antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) that works on Kidney and smooth muscles. Part of RAAS. Causes vasoconstriction and reabsorption of H2O TSH - ANSWER thyroid stimulating hormone that acts on the thyroid gland. Stimulates T3, T4, calcitonin and Thyroxine. Diabetes Insipidus - ANSWER Caused by hyposecretion of ADH which causes little to no reabsorption of H2O. Results in polyuria, increased thirst, high B osmolarity which results in general signs of dehydration. diabetes insipidus etiology - ANSWER Two possible 1. Kidneys no longer respond to ADH 2. Brain no longer secretion or lessening of secretions (maybe tumor or edema) SIADH - ANSWER syndrome of inappropriate hyper antidiuretic hormone. That causes excess retention of water resulting in BP increase (increased stroke volume), generalized edema. SIADH etiology - ANSWER 1. Drugs--> especially anesthetics 2. Trauma; brain tumor etc... 3. Neoplastic disease ; ectopic production of hormone