HEENT (head, eyes, ears, nose, throat) Assessment ALL 2025 EDITION GUARANTEED GRADE A+

HEENT (head, eyes, ears, nose, throat) Assessment ALL 2025 EDITION GUARANTEED GRADE A+ Structures In the Head, Neck, and Face - facial and cranial bones - cervical vertebrae - muscles - esophagus - trachea - thyroid - carotid arteries - jugular veins - lymph nodes History Questions For Head, Face, and Neck - personal medical history - especially HTN, DM (diabetes), CAD (coronary artery disease) - medications taken- Rx and OTC - Head trauma or skull fracture - neck pain or decreased ROM to neck - numbness or tingling in hands or arms - HA (head aches)- migraine, cluster, tension, trauma - dizziness or vertigo (disorder to the inner ear causing dizziness) - problems with coordination (events? disorders) - facial pain or paralysis Size of the Head in Relation to the Body - normocephalic (normal) - microcephalic (small) - macrocephalic (big) (hydrocephalic normally) Skin stretched, skinny, blood vessels are easily visible. Fontanels buldge. Position of the Head in Relation to the Neck/Body - midline Deformities of Head - hydrocephalic ( CSF fluid in the brain) head grows. Inspect and Palpate Scalp - massess - lesions or scaling - infestations Inspect Hair Distribution - alopecia - hirsutism (excessive hair growth in women) Zica Virus Causes microcephaly Male Pattern Baldness - in male pattern baldness, hair recedes in an 'M" shape, the crown bald patch eventually meeting the top points to form a horseshoe shape. Facial Symmetry - stroke ( unilateral facial weakness, acute) - Bell's palsy (similar but not permanent. Loss of sensation and movement weakness unilaterally. Gradual loss. 6 months to a year it resolves) Proper Placement of the Eyes, Nose, mouth - down syndrome (facies) (wide eyes, flat nasal bridge, epicantle fold, lower set ears) Inspect and Palpate the Skin of the Face and Neck - assess for tenderness - TMJ - Facial bone fracture (TMJ) Inspection and Palpation of the Head, Neck and Face - facial symmetry - proper placement of the eyes, nose, mouth - inspect and palpate the skin of the face and neck - inspect for obvious thyroid enlargement - inspect and palpate to make sure the trachea is midline (no masses, no trauma, etc.) Lymph Nodes - are tiny oval clumps of lymphatic tissue, usually in groups along blood vessels - enlarged lymph nodes and tenderness providing early signs of inflammation. Cranial Nerves for the Head, Neck, and Face Continued - assess ability to speak clearly (CN 7, 9, 10, and 12) (have conversation) - assess facial symmetry (CN 7) (smile, talking) - assess the strength and mobility of the neck (CN 11) (ROM exercises) - assess facial sensation and strength of clenched jaw (CN 5) (have patient respond to touch to their face) - Do the other CN tests during eye, ear, and nose exams. Expected Findings of the Head, Neck, and Face - normocephalic, midline, and upright - face symmetrical with proper placement of the eyes, nose and mouth. - symmetry of the neck musculature - skin pink, dry, intact without lesions - even, thick hair distribution - scalp without lesions, masses, or infestations - trachea midline - full ROM of the neck Write-Up for Head, Neck, and Face - head normocephalic. Scalp without masses, lesions, or tenderness. Hair thickly distributed, clean and without infestations. Face symmetrical without masses, tenderness, or lesions. Head upright and midline. Trachea midline. Neck musculature symmetrical and supple. Full ROM of the neck. Health Promotion for Head, Neck, and Face Screening for Thyroid Disease (exam by provider and lab test) - hypothyroidism (tired, weight gain, sensation of temperatures, usually cold, hair and nails brittle, thin) - hyperthyroidism (weight loss, feeling warm, sweating, hair fine, silky, thin, eyes bulge(exophthalmus) - thyroid cancer (tumors on thyroid) Promote use of helmets & seat belts - prevent head trauma, skill fractures Promote hygiene Early medical evaluation and intervention for any concerns. Eyes - Inspect & palpate the external structures of the eye. Palpation of the Eye - you may need to gently palpate around the orbit of the eye or the eye itself - check the lower conjunctiva (change of color, discharge, infection) - wear gloves! Assess Function of the Eye CN 2 - visual acuity - Distance Vision - Snellen Eye Chart (20 feet away) - nearsighted- can't see far away - far sighted - can't see up close - Near Vision- Rosenbaum (similar to snellen smaller, 14 inches away) - Peripheral Visual Testing ( what you can see on the sides) - Central Vision testing (distance and near) ( what you can see directly in front) P- pupiles E - equal (measure) R - round R- reactive (to light) L - light (response constrict on both sides ) A - accommodation (look at something up close (constrict) then far away (dilate) then up close then far away, eyes will change focus (CN 3) E- extra O - ocular M- motion (CN 3,4, and 6) - test follow finger, up, down, side, to side, and diagonal. Assess Visual Acuity - Document as 20/20 - 20/40 means that the patient can read at 20 feet what they should be able to read at 40 feet 20/10 - vision is better Assess Extraocular Movement (EOMs) - assess CN 3,4,6 - only 12 inches from face - Nystagmus - slight is normal with deep lateral gaze. (not normal in looking side to side) CONTINUED...