AICE THINKING SKILLS-Paper 2
Terms
Counter Assertion - -Consists of a simple claim. Expresses an alternative
opinion which an author introduces in order to explain why it is wrong.
- Counter Argument - -Claim is supported by reasoning. Expresses an
alternative opinion which an author introduces in order to explain why it is
wrong.
- Unstated Assumption - -A step in a piece of reasoning which is required in
order for a conclusion to be validly drawn, but it is not explained explicitly
- Validity - -Quality of the structure of an argument, irrespective of its
relation to truth or fact. If the structure of an argument is valid, it means that
if the reasons happened to be true, the conclusion would have to be true.
- Necessary Conditions - -Something which must happen or be true in order
for something else to happen or be true.
- Sufficient Conditions - -Happens, or is true,then something else must also
happen to be true.
- Equivocation - -Consists of using ambiguous language to conceal a step in
reasoning by shifting (without mentioning it) from one meaning of a word or
expression to another (manipulating meaning of the words)
- Conflation - -Consists of concealing a step in reasoning by treating two
words or expressions as if they were interchangeable even though their
meanings are different.
- Circular Argument - -Consists of relying on a claim in order to prove it.
Person repeats what they already assumed.
- Begging the question - -Consists of focusing an argument on an
uncontroversial aspect of an issue while stipulating or assuming a key point.
(assumption)
- Causal Flaw - -Unjustified inference that phenomena which occur together
must have a causal relationship.
- Rash Generalization - -One based on small quantity of evidence, selected
to support the claim. (cherry-picked, not enough evidence)
Terms
Counter Assertion - -Consists of a simple claim. Expresses an alternative
opinion which an author introduces in order to explain why it is wrong.
- Counter Argument - -Claim is supported by reasoning. Expresses an
alternative opinion which an author introduces in order to explain why it is
wrong.
- Unstated Assumption - -A step in a piece of reasoning which is required in
order for a conclusion to be validly drawn, but it is not explained explicitly
- Validity - -Quality of the structure of an argument, irrespective of its
relation to truth or fact. If the structure of an argument is valid, it means that
if the reasons happened to be true, the conclusion would have to be true.
- Necessary Conditions - -Something which must happen or be true in order
for something else to happen or be true.
- Sufficient Conditions - -Happens, or is true,then something else must also
happen to be true.
- Equivocation - -Consists of using ambiguous language to conceal a step in
reasoning by shifting (without mentioning it) from one meaning of a word or
expression to another (manipulating meaning of the words)
- Conflation - -Consists of concealing a step in reasoning by treating two
words or expressions as if they were interchangeable even though their
meanings are different.
- Circular Argument - -Consists of relying on a claim in order to prove it.
Person repeats what they already assumed.
- Begging the question - -Consists of focusing an argument on an
uncontroversial aspect of an issue while stipulating or assuming a key point.
(assumption)
- Causal Flaw - -Unjustified inference that phenomena which occur together
must have a causal relationship.
- Rash Generalization - -One based on small quantity of evidence, selected
to support the claim. (cherry-picked, not enough evidence)
