PSYCHOLOGY 1101 LEARNING TEST

learning - ANSWER a relatively permanent change in behaviour brought about
by repeated experience


classical conditioning - ANSWER -elicited, involuntary responses
-Ivan Pavlov
-emotional, and psychological responses
-learning that occurs when an association is made between a meaningful
stimulus and a non-meaningful stimulus


operant or instrumental conditioning - ANSWER -probability of voluntary
responses increased/ decreased


observational learning - ANSWER -learning without direct experience
-imitation


Pavlov's Experiments - ANSWER -1849-1936
-Russian physiologist
-digestion in dogs
-demonstrated that many other stimuli can be classically conditioned in other
organisms
-showed how the learning process can be objectively studied


unconditioned stimulus (US) - ANSWER -evokes unconditioned response

, unconditioned response (UR) - ANSWER automatic (not learned) response to
US


conditioned stimulus (CS) - ANSWER -previously neutral stimulus
-following conditioning, evokes CR


Steps in developing a conditioned response - ANSWER -pre existing
unconditioned R to an unconditioned S
-pair unconditioned S with a neutral S
-neutral S becomes a conditioned S
-conditioned S elicits a conditioned R


Taste aversion - ANSWER -taste is associated with symptoms
-too much alcohol
-spoiled food
-foul tasting meat


Advertising - ANSWER -pairing (good looking) models with products


Systematic desensitization - ANSWER anxieties, fears, phobias


taste aversion - ANSWER -aversion therapy
-alcoholism


Thorndike's Law of Effect - ANSWER -rewarded behavior will increase/more
likely to recur