PSYC 1010 Chapter 10 Review Questions and Correct Answers

Motivation a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior Motives 1) needs, wants, desires leading to goal-directed behaviour 2) is a process that arouses, maintains, and guides behaviour toward a goal (e.g., hunger) Extrinsic Motivation a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is external to the person Intrinsic Motivation a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner Goals the cognitive representation of a desired state (I.e., the picture in your head of where you want to be) Drive theories seeking homeostasis, Behavior is motivated by the need to reduce internal tension (disruption of preferred equilibrium) caused by unmet biological needs Incentive theories regulation by external stimuli, Behavior is motivated by external goals such as incentives/rewards Evolutionary theories maximizing reproductive success; organisms are motivated to engage in certain behaviors because of genetic programming and/or because these behaviors lead to success in terms of natural selection Expectancy-value models 1) the expectancy of the chance of receiving the incentive, 2) value of the incentive Natural selection favours behaviours that maximize one's reproductive success Glucostatic theory theory that when our blood glucose levels drop, hunger creates a drive to eat to restore the proper level of glucose Self-regulation Capacity to delay immediate gratification for the sake of future interests Affiliation need to associate with and maintain social bonds with others