History 181 Test 1 Study Guide

Compare India with other second-wave civilizations. Why India's cultural diversity? - Compare societies based on agriculture with those based on hunting and gathering - Some people lived in areas unsuitable to farming such as hard desert or arctic environment. They weren't in the direct line of advancing more powerful farming people Compare the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. In what different ways did the geography and physical environment shape the outlook of each civilization? How did their political systems differ? - Compare the Neolithic Revolution in the Fertile Crescent, Africa, and the Americas - Compare the Roman and Chinese (Han) empires: how they were formed, religion, subject peoples, outside influences, language, government and law, environment, how they declines and came to an end - Compare the two civilizations that "collided" in the fifth century BCE (the Persians and the Greeks), focusing on their political, social, and economic systems. - Define and give examples of primary sources - Any record that sheds light on the period in which it was produced constitutes a primary source Define and give examples of secondary sources - second-hand accounts of the past that attempt to interpret it, usually written by historians long after the events they describe have taken place, but which are based on the evidence of primary sources Define civilization. What was the essential precondition for civilization and the two key things that set it apart from earlier cultures? - Define context and explain the three histories that provide the larger context of world history - Context means that each part of history is part of a bigger picture. The information within the stories all depends on the time period which it is contained. THERE ARE 3: COSMIC, PLANETARY, AND HUMAN SPECIES Define empire and do a "cost benefit" analysis of empires from the perspective of subject peoples - Define hierarchy. Describe the hierarchies of class (list social ranks) and hierarchies of gender characteristics of the first civilizations. Explain patriarchy and its origins. - Define Neolithic Revolution and describe the new way that life resulted from it - Neolithic Revolution and Agricultural Revolution both refer to the deliberate cultivation of