MHA 710 Test 2 (Ch 5-8) 100% Correct Solved

MHA 710 Test 2 (Ch 5-8) 100% Correct Solved Suppose you must rely exclusively on cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to determine whether a category of people receives, potentially life-saving, intervention. Which of the following considerations must you keep in mind when making your decision? a. CEA studies are considered the gold standard as far as evaluation studies are concerned b. CEA ignores the possibility that certain unidentified individuals in a group may have a greater than normal positive response to the treatment c. CEA studies take a long time to conduct and are expensive to evaluate d. CEA studies are subjective and rely on the judgment of clinicians and researchers. e. CEA determines the efficient threshold above which treatments are unnecessarily expensive. - Correct Answer ️️ -CEA ignores the possibility that certain unidentified individuals in a group may have a greater than normal positive response to the treatment Factors affecting the level of medical care demand include all of the following except: a. physician factors b. economic standing c. health status d. demographic characteristics e. price of medical care - Correct Answer ️️ -Price of medical care Many economists consider medical care a superior good. Which of the following statements is true regarding a superior good? a. A superior good has an income elasticity of demand less than one. b. Superior goods are considered necessities. c. When the price of a superior good increases, consumers demand more of it. d. As consumer income increases, consumers spend more on superior goods. e. Consumers want more of a superior good regardless of its price. - Correct Answer ️️ -As consumer income increases, consumers spend more on superior goods Which of the following is least responsible for the reduction in mortality rates in Europe and North America? a. Improved sanitary conditions b. Reduced exposure to diseases c. Better nutrition and housing d. Clean water and waste disposal e. More effective medical interventions - Correct Answer ️️ -More effective medical interventions When measuring the effectiveness of a treatment, surrogate measures reflect clinical efficacy and include: a. recurrence of the disease. b. hip fractures. c. death. d. scores on standard evaluative exams such as EuroQol or SF-36. e. bone-mass density (BMD) - Correct Answer ️️ -bone-mass density (BMD) When area income increases by 20 percent, what occurs? a. quantity demanded rises by 10.0 percent. b. quantity demanded does not change. c. quantity demanded falls by 10.0 percent. d. quantity demanded falls by 7.5 percent. e. quantity demanded rises by 7.5 percent. - Correct Answer ️️ -quantity demanded rises by 10.0 percent The intangible costs associated with reduced quality of life include: productivity at work. b. the cost of home remodeling to accommodate a physical handicap. c. household services that must be replaced, such as housework. d. pain and suffering. e. potential income lost due to premature death. - Correct Answer ️️ -Pain and suffering Suppose your assignment is to use the standard time trade-off approach to measure quality of life. You are given the following information: An individual is faced with living the remaining 10 years of their life suffering from severe osteoporosis. The individual reveals that they would be willing to give up four of those years to live the remaining six in perfect health. What is the utility of one year in a chronic health state relative to perfect health? a. 6 b. 4 c. 40 d. 0.4 e. 0.6 - Correct Answer ️️ -0.6 There are substantial differences in medical care use by demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and marital status. Which of the following statements is true? a. Infant girls are healthier than infant boys are and consume fewer medical resources. b. Average hospital stays are longer for women than men. c. People aged80 or more spend about the same amount on medical care as 60 year olds do. d. Adult women spend more money on medical care than men do. e. Single individuals regardless of age are hospitalized less than married people are. - Correct Answer ️️ -Adult women spend more money on medical care than men do. The concept of quality-adjusted life year (QALY): a. is given an arbitrary value when applied to a real world problem. b. is a multidisciplinary approach to measuring health status. c. is used extensively to evaluate medical care resource allocation within government- run programs on fixed budgets, especially in Europe. d. has little application to medical decision making. e. is used extensively in the United States to evaluate health care programs. - Correct Answer ️️ -is used extensively to evaluate medical care resource allocation within government-run programs on fixed budgets, especially in Europe. Researchers use cost-of-illness studies for all of the following except to: a. study the burden of a disease. b. determine the low-cost option to treat a diseas