Therapeutic Nutrition Final Exam Study Guide

Digests & absorbs food - small intestine Houses bacteria that produces several vitamins - Large intestine Produces bile - liver Secretes hormones to maintain blood glucose levels - Pancreas Begins digestion of carbohydrates - mouth Diet quality can affect the gut microbiome by enhancing or limiting the diversity of beneficial microorganisms in the gut. Select the foods that are supportive of a healthy microbiome. Select all that apply. a. Omega-3 fatty acids b. Refined/processed grains c. Vegetables d. Plant-derived proteins e. Artificial sweeteners f. Fruits - a. Omega-3 fatty acids c. Vegetables d. Plant-derived proteins f. FruitsResponse Feedback: A diet that is not supportive of a healthy gut is predominant in the following foods: Processed meats, Saturated fats, Refined/processed grains, Sugar, Salt, Alcohol, Corn-derived fructose, HFCS, Artificial sweeteners On the other hand, a diet predominant in the following foods support gut health: Fruits, Vegetables, Fiber: 28-35g daily, Plant-derived proteins, Monounsaturated fatty acids, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, Fermented foods and drinks. What are the three macronutrients? a. minerals, vitamins, and water b. carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins c. carbohydrates, fats, and proteins d. fats, proteins, and glucose - c. carbohydrates, fats, and proteins Response Feedback: Macronutrients are fat, carbohydrate, and protein. They are energy-yielding nutrients. The total amount of energy in a bowl of soup that contains 5 g of protein, 2 g of fat, and 20 g of carbohydrate is _____ kcal. a. 27 b. 133 c. 118 d. 108 - c. 118Response Feedback: Protein provides 4 kcal/g; fat provides 9 kcal/g; carbohydrate provides 4 kcal/g. Therefore, the soup contains 118 kcal ([5 × 4] + [2 × 9] + [20 × 4] = 20 + 18 + 80). The primary site of carbohydrate digestion is in the a. small intestine b. large intestine c. stomach d. mouth - a. small intestine Response Feedback: The small intestine is the major organ of digestion, and and the final stages of the digestive process occur here. The digestive process of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, but the majority of digestion takes place in the small intestine. Essential amino acids can be made by the body, so they do not have to be eaten in the diet. True or false? - False Response Feedback: There are nine amino acids that the human body either cannot make at all or cannot make in sufficient quantity to meet its needs. These nine amino acids must be supplied by the diet; they are essential. What is the primary function of fat? a. to facilitate protein metabolismb. to provide energy c. to promote the absorption of fat soluble vitamins d. to facilitate carbohydrate metabolism - b. to provide energy