Chapter 02: Theories and Therapies |Halter: Varcarolis’ Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: A Clinical Approach, 8th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A parent says, ―My 2-year-old child refuses toilet training and shouts „No!‟ when given directions. What do you think is wrong?‖ Select the nurse‘s best reply. a. Your child needs firmer control. It is important to set limits now.‖ b. This is normal for your child‘s age. The child is striving for independence.‖ c. There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2.‖ d. Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a plan.‖ ANS: B This behavior is conventional of a child around the age of 2 years, whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The distracters indicate the child‘s behavior is abnormal. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Page 2-52 (Table 2-6) TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. A nurse wants to find information on current evidence-based research, programs, and practices regarding mental illness and addictions. Which resource should the nurse consult? a. American Psychiatric Association b. American Psychological Association (APA) c. Clinician‘s Quick Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy d. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) ANS: D The SAMHSA maintains a National Registry of Evidence-based Practices and Programs. New therapies are entered into the database on a regular basis. The incorrect responses are resources but do not focus on evidence-based information. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: Page 2-32 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 3. A 26-month-old displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often says, ―No!‖ Which psychosocial crisis is evident? a. Trust versus mistrust b. Initiative versus guilt c. Industry versus inferiority d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt ANS: D The crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt relates to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment, as exemplified by toilet training. This psychosocial crisis occurs during the period of early childhood. Trust versus mistrust is the crisis of the infant. Initiative versus guilt is the crisis of the preschool and early-school-aged child. Industry versus inferiority is the crisis of the 6- to 12-year-old child. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: Page 2-52 (Table 2-6) TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. A 4-year-old grabs toys from other children and says, ―I want that now!‖ From a psychoanalytic perspective, this behavior is a product of impulses originating in which system of the personality? a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Preconscious ANS: A The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses. The ego acts as a mediator of behavior and weighs the consequences of the action, perhaps determining that taking the toy is not worth the mother‘s wrath. The superego would oppose the impulsive behavior as ―not nice.‖ The preconscious is a level of awareness rather than an aspect of personality. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: Pages 2-4, 5 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 5. The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a sibling, being polite, and using good manners. These qualities are likely to be internalized and become part of which system of the personality? a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Preconscious