Portage Patho Final Exam with Questions and 100% Complete Solutions A+

A bodybuilders muscles will display hyperplasia - False Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia - False Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused an increase in the number of cells - True Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atropy - true proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease - sensitivity How likely the same result will occur if repeated - reliability How a tool measures what it is intended to measure - Validity People without the disease who are negative on a given test - specificity Which is not true of the cytoskeleton - it controls shape and movement - cilia and flagella are microtubule-cellular extensions - it includes peroxisomes and proteasomes - it includes peroxisomes and proteasomes Which of the follow are true of the cell? Select all that apply. - Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. - controls the transport of materials from outside the fluid to within - the main structural component is made of proteins - helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells - aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation - Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. - They are found far from the site of energy consumption They control free radicals High blood pressure is an example of which of the following? - pathophysiology A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What are these examples of? - signs and symptoms Which of the following is true of a tests sensitivity? - If negative, it can safely be assumed that the person does not have a disease Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are example of which of the following? - Etiologic factors Define tertiary prevention and give an example. - Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to reduce complications or deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one must take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future event or death. Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis: - In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dark and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark brown or black. Spread is slow. Results from a cut off of arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. Skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form on the surface. liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by bacteria. Spread is rapid. Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type of necrosis. - Necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living person. An example is liquefactive necrosis which is when the cells dies and the catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the cells death. This could cause necrosis. Sunburn: Obesity: Reactive Oxygen Species: Low Oxygen to tissues: Fractures: OTC drugs: Hypothermia: Radiation treatment: Lead toxicity: Bacteria: - Radiation injury nutritional imbalance free radical injury hypoxic cell injury physical agents chemical injury physical agents radiation injury chemical injury biologic agent List the 4 types of tissues found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description and example. - Epithelial: covers the body's outer surface, is avascular, gets O2 from the capillaries found in nearby connective tissue. Example, simple squamous tissue Muscular Nervous: found throughout the body, helps with communication between tissue and CNS, aids in functions of body due to internal and external stim, helps with movement and electrical signaling. Example are neurons. Connective tissue Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances. - False Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. - True Which are true of the mitochondria? - controls the transport of material from the outside fluid to within - the main structural component is made of proteins - helps with the condition of electrical currents - aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation - involved in cellular respiration they play a role in apoptosis Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types. - False, this is cell differentiation. Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division. - False What are two important properties that stem cells possess? - potency, self renewal This type of call remains incompletely differentiated throughout life: - Stem cell Which is most likely to have arisen from an adult stem cell? - muscle - bone - epithelial - neural - epithelial 1. ________ is a systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the tumor as well as other distant sites. 2. The profound weight loss and wasting of fat and tissue that accompany cancer is known as ________ - 1. Chemotherapy 2. Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome