Exploration and Absolutism Test 2023 with complete solution

Exploration and Absolutism Test 2023 with complete solution Prince Henry the Navigator Founded a navigation school in Sagres, Portugal; had idea to sail around Africa to reach Asia Bartholomeo Dias Portugese, reached Cape of Good Hope (tip of Africa) in 1488 Vasco da Gama Portugese, reaches India in 1497 Ferdinand Magellan Spanish, First voyage to circumnavigate the globe, Hernando Cortes Spaniard who conquered the Aztec Empire Francisco Pizarro Spaniard who subdued the Incas and became the 1st governor of Peru Encomedia System System similar to feudalism set up by the Spanish to maintain order in their New World Colonies Line of Demarcation 1493, imaginary line that divided South America into West (Spain) and East (Portugal) Treaty of Tordesillas 1494, Papal decree that set the Line of Demarcation Jacques Cartier explores Canada and St. Lawrence Basin Samuel de Champlain establishes Quebec in 1608 John Cabot English explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England while looking for Northwest Passage Privateering a system by which privately-owned and operated vessels were used to raid enemy shipping (legal piracy) Mercantilism colonies exist to provide raw materials; exports must exceed imports; system is reliant on massive imports of gold and silver; Problem: leads to massive inflation in mother country Salutary Neglect English policy that allowed for independent economic development in their colonies Triangular Trade A three way system of trade during s; Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa Columbian Exchange Transfer of products, ideas, and customs from old to new worlds and vice versa Cardinal Richelieu was a major influence on European Absolutism; was the real power in France under the reign of Louis XIII; developed "Raison d'etat" Raison d'etat "Reason of the State"; used to justify any government action 1.) Reduce the power of the nobility, stop internal struggles 2.) Increase the power of the church, Church acts as a tool of the state 3.) Invest in native culture, creates nationalism and patriotism Thirty Years War ; Began as a German Civil War between Protestant North (Sweden, Netherlands, France) and Catholic South (Spain, Austria); becomes less about religious authority, more about royal dominance between Spain and France Treaty of Westphalia Ends the Thirty Years War in 1648. Winners are France and Sweden; Losers are Spain, Austrian Hasburgs, Germany (divided into 300 states) Edict of Nantes Granted religious freedom to the Huguenots; revoked by Louis XIV in 1685, causing 200,000 Huguenots to leave France Fronde A series of uprisings in Paris 1649-16