Final test for Pesticide & mosquito2023

Final test for Pesticide & mosquito2023 Name users and their associated uses of water resources in VA - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Public utilities: provide drinking water 2. Campgrounds, parks, etc: recreation 3. Owners of waterfront property manage their water: protect their investment 4. Industry depends on cooling and fire ponds for safety 5. Irrigation districts provide water for crops and livestock 6. Real estate developers, streams, and lakes provide aesthetic appeal 7 Fish farmers use aquatic systems for the commercial production of fish What necessary and beneficial roles do aquatic plants play in their native systems? - CORRECT ANSWER-Serve as food, habitat, and shelter for other aquatic organisms. Stabilize the substrate, filter storm and runoff water When do aquatic plants become a problem? - CORRECT ANSWER-In large numbers, aquatic plants can hamper fishing, swimming, and boating. Plant masses can also adversely affect the chemistry of underlying waters, degrading fisheries and killing food supplies for fish Name the six weed control option that this manual will discuss - CORRECT ANSWERPrevention and cultural, manual, biological, mechanical, and chemical control Which of the six control methods should often be your first line of attack - CORRECT ANSWER-Prevention Name several things you must consider when making weed management decisions - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Type of plant 2. The use of the water 3. Physical constraints 4. Water quality 5. The impact your control tactic will have on fish and wildlife List four aquatic pests not addressed in this manual: Explain why they are not covered: - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Mollusks: Catagory 5B Marine antifoulant paints 2. Mosquitos and black flies: Catagory 8 public health and pest control 3. Nusiance reptiles, amphibians, and leeches: no chemicals currently used 4. Nuisance mammals and birds: Catagory 7D Vertebrate pest control Why is it important that aquatic weed managers learn good communication skills - CORRECT ANSWER-Weed managers are often the most visible members of an aquatic resources team. They are often seen and remembered by the public. Weed managers may need to respond to an on-the-scene reporter or inform residents about what technique or chemical is being applied and why. Well prepared weed managers are critical in a public relations program. Explain why notifying landowners before implementing a control program is especially important - CORRECT ANSWER-Early notification enables you to meet and discuss the control program with nearby landowners before application begins. Details about how, where, and when you will be working can be discussed. Areas of special concern can be addressed in advance. When approached by a landowner concerned about the weed control method you are performing, how should you proceed? - CORRECT ANSWER-Be polite and businesslike regardless of what they say or do. Answer questions honestly. Aquaculture- - CORRECT ANSWER-The cultivation of fish, plants, and other aquatic products for sale Aquatic pest- - CORRECT ANSWER-A plant, animal, or insect that interferes with the functions and use of an aquatic system Aquatic plant- - CORRECT ANSWER-a plant that grows in water or in areas closely associated with water Aquatic Resource- - CORRECT ANSWER-A river, stream, lake, pond, or other body of water. Provides drinking water, recreation areas, habitat for wildlife, and other benfits for people and the env. Integrated pest management- - CORRECT ANSWER-A system that uses all appropriate strategies to reduce pest populations. By using this you may reduce the need for pesticides. Nutrient Management- - CORRECT ANSWER-Actions that reduce the amount of nutrients that flow into a body of water. Excess nutrients cause weeds to flourish. By reducing nutrient runoff, __________ __________ may prevent a weed problem before it starts Pest- - CORRECT ANSWER-any living thing that is undesirable to people or the env. An organism may be a pest in one place, but not in another. Pest Management Guides- - CORRECT ANSWER-A series of publications that list current reccomendations for many types of pest control. The VCE publishes the PMGs and updates them each year. Pesticides- - CORRECT ANSWER-Any substance used to control a pest. ________ may also reduce the unwanted or harmful effects of a pest. Weed- - CORRECT ANSWER-A plant growing where it is not desired. Plants are ______ when they interfere with human activities, cause safety hazards, or contaminate water resources. Algae- - CORRECT ANSWER-Primitive plants closely related to fungi. Algae lack true supporting or conducting tissues. They do not produce true roots, leaves, or flowers Algal Bloom- - CORRECT ANSWER-An abundant and rapid growth of algae Branchlet- - CORRECT ANSWER-A small, branch like structure Cell- - CORRECT ANSWER-A microsopic unit of which all living things are made Cell Division- - CORRECT ANSWER-A process by which a living thing grows. It occurs when one cell divides to form two new cells. The new cells are identical. Cleft- - CORRECT ANSWER-A split on one side of a leaf Compass Bearing- - CORRECT ANSWER-A direction given by a compass and measured in degrees from north Displace- - CORRECT ANSWER-To move or force something from its normal home. For example, exotic plants often grow so rapidly that they displace native vegetation Dissolved Oxygen- - CORRECT ANSWER-The oxygen in a liquid that is available to aquatic organisms Dormant- - CORRECT ANSWER-Not active Emersed Plant- - CORRECT ANSWER-A plant that is rooted underwater, but extends most of its stem and leaves above the water surface. Emersed plants are self supporting. They do not rise or fall with the water level. Fathometer- - CORRECT ANSWER-A tool that uses sound to measure the depth of water and the location of vegetation. Fibrous- - CORRECT ANSWER-Having a loose, extensivley branched network of threads. This term often refers to the root system of a plant Filamentous algae- - CORRECT ANSWER-Algae that grows as long, thin cells attached to one another. These filaments form threadlike structures that may be branched or unbranched. Floating Plants- - CORRECT ANSWER-Plants that grow on the water surface. They can be either free floating, with unattached roots, or rooted to the bottom with large floating leaves. Floating plants rise and fall with the level of the water. Flowering plants- - CORRECT ANSWER-Plants that contain vascular tissue and produce true roots, leaves, and flowers. Trees, bushes, flowers, vines, and gound covers all belong to this large group. Flowering plants are also called vascular plants. Fragmentation- - CORRECT ANSWER-A method of reproduction used by some plants. It occurs when a peice or fragment of a plant breaks off and forms a new, identical plants. The new plant is able to live on its own. Many aquatic weeds are able to spread over large areas using this reproduction method. Germinate- - CORRECT ANSWER-To begin to grow. To sprout. Life Cycle- - CORRECT ANSWER-The stages of development that a living thing passes through during its life time Map Wheel- - CORRECT ANSWER-A tool used to measure the perimeter of a site or infestation from an image. This image may be part of an aerial photograph or a drawing. You can use this measurement to calculate the area of the site. Midrib- - CORRECT ANSWER-the center vein of a leaf Node- - CORRECT ANSWER-the joint or place where leaves attach to a stem Nutlet- - CORRECT ANSWER-a small nut Panicle- - CORRECT ANSWER-A long, irregularly branched cluster of flowers Petiole- - CORRECT ANSWER-A stem like structure that attaches a leaf to a stem. A leaf stalk. Planimeter- - CORRECT ANSWER-A tool used to measure the area of a site or an infestation from an image. This image may be part of an aerial photograph or a drawing. See map wheel. Rhizome- - CORRECT ANSWER-A horizontal plant stem that grows on or under the soil. It produces leaves and buds along its upper surface and roots along its lower surface. Many rooted aquatic plants have rhizomes Sediment- - CORRECT ANSWER-Soil or silt that settles to the bottom of a body of water Sedimentation- - CORRECT ANSWER-The settling of soil or silt to the bottom of a body of water Silt- - CORRECT ANSWER-Tiny pieces of clay, mineral, or organic matter suspended in water Siltation- - CORRECT ANSWER-The settling of silt to the bottom of a body of water Spike- - CORRECT ANSWER-A long grouping of many flowers. The flowers of pondweeds, loosestrife, and other aquatic plants grow in _______ Spore- - CORRECT ANSWER-A tiny seedlike structure that forms a new plant. Many primitive plants such as algae and ferns use spores to reproduce. Stagnant- - CORRECT ANSWER-When water does not move. Submersed- - CORRECT ANSWER-Plants that grow completely beneath the water surface. These plants depend on surrounding water for support of the plant body. Tachometer- - CORRECT ANSWER-A device used to measure the revolutions of a boat prop. You can use this to calculate the speed of a boat. Tuber- - CORRECT ANSWER-A small, fleshy structure such as a potato that grows on a root or rhizome. Tubers usually grow underground and store large amounts of food. When a tuber breaks away from a root or rhizome, it can grow into a new plant. Turion- - CORRECT ANSWER-A thick bud that grows at the base of a leaf of some aquatic plants. This bud can break off, float away, and form a new plant. Vascular Plant- - CORRECT ANSWER-A plant that contains vascular tissue Vascular tissue- - CORRECT ANSWER-Plant structures that conduct water and nutrients throughout a flowering plant Vertebrate- - CORRECT ANSWER-An animal having a backbone or spinal column. Examples include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish Water intake- - CORRECT ANSWER-A structure through which water is removed from a stream or lake. Water intakes are often associated with water treatment plants. Why is it important to know and use scientific names whenever possible? - CORRECT ANSWER-Common names for the same plant often vary. However, scientific names are the same throughout the world. By using scientific names you can be sure that others know exactly what plant you are working with. What is the first step in controlling aquatic weeds? Why is it important? - CORRECT ANSWER-The first step in controlling aquatic weeds is correct identification. Correct identification is necessary to select the most effective management strategy. This saves money and time on unneeded and excessive treatments. Being able to distinguish between target and non target plants can also minimize damage to desirable plants. Name three methods that algae use to reproduce - CORRECT ANSWER-Spores, cell division, and fragmentation Which two methods of reproduction enable algae to spread from one location to another? - CORRECT ANSWER-Spores and fragmentation Spores: Wind, water, and sometimes animals carry spores to new sites. In this way, spores can travel long distances. When they find a suitable environment and weather conditions are right, spores will form a new alga plant. Fragmentation: Fragmentation occurs when small pieces of algae break away from a larger mass, move to a new area, and begin to grow. Alga fragments can attach to boats, fishing poles, animals. boots, and other structures. In this way new infestations may seem to appear from nowhere. How can you distinguish plankton from other types of algae? - CORRECT ANSWERPlankton can be distinguished from other algae by their small size. Rather than a plantlike green mass that you can touch and hold, plankton are microscopic. A change in the water color often indicated plankton growth. Why are plankton blooms dangerous to fish and other animals? - CORRECT ANSWERAs large alga populations naturally die, they decay underwater. This process uses dissolved oxygen, depleting the supply for fish. Fish may suffocate. Some types of plankton may also release toxic compounds. This can make water unsafe to drink for both wild and domestic animals. Name and describe one common type of filamentous algae that is native to VA - CORRECT ANSWER-Spirogyra spp. is bright green in the spring, fading to yellow green by late summer. It gets its common name, "green silky strand", from the silky quality of its long threads. When lifted from the water, filaments of these algae will readily slip between your fingers. What is the best way to distinguish Chara and Nitella from vascular plants such as Watermillfoil - CORRECT ANSWER-The best way to identify Chara is by its garlic like musky odor when crushd. Chara also has a gritty, bristly feel due to the calcium deposits on its surface. Nitella has smooth and delicate tissues. It does not smell musky when crushed. Explain why algae can be both beneficial and troublesome in fishponds. - CORRECT ANSWER-Small amounts of filamentous algae can provide cover for insects that are valuable for fish food. Chara and Nitella provide cover for fish and food for waterfowl. However, large amounts of either type of algae can snag fishing lines and interfere with commercial harvesting. Water murky with algae can taint the flavor of fish. Too many algae can also cause water to stagnate. Stagnant water may result in warmer water and lower Oxygen concentrations. Lack of oxygen in the water can suffocate fish or cause severe stress. Explain three ways in which algae can cause problems in aquatic systems. - CORRECT ANSWER-Overgrowth of algae can: -discolor water -cause foul smell and taste -clog filters, water intake lines, and other equipment -disrupt water treatment processes -be ugly and uninviting -snag fishing lines and interfere with commercial harvest -taint the flavor of fish -indirectly cause some fish diseases -stain boats, docks, and other objects -corrode underwater metal pipes and concrete -water stagnation=warmer water temp, bigger weeds, and silt deposits What is planktonic algae? - CORRECT ANSWER-Location: You can find plankton growing in farm ponds, reservoirs, and along lake shores Description: Plankton exists as single cells, small colonies, or filaments that are attached to each other. Plankton is usually free floating. Abundant growth results in bloom. In severe cases masses of plankton may float to the surface and accumulate along shorelines. Hints to identify: Rather than a plantlike structure plankton are microscopic. A change of water color is a good indicator. What is filamentous algae? - CORRECT ANSWER-Location: Filamentous algae grow in both hard and soft water. You can find them in ponds, lakes, and along the edges of slow moving streams and rivers. Filamentous algae will grow to any depth as long as they receive some light. Description: Filamentous algae are composed of long cells attached end to end forming long threads. Together they form mats on the bottom or the surface of the water. Hints to identify: Filamentous algae begins to grow along the shorelines or on the bottom of the water body. Later they float to the surface forming green mats. What is macrophytic algae? - CORRECT ANSWER-Location: clean water Description: large plants which resemble vascular plants and attach to the bottom of a water body. They grow completely underwater. Range from a few inches to several feet tall. Each plant has whorls of branchlets that extend from the nodes. Tips to identify: Chara- smells like garlic, calcium on the outside make it rough Nitella- smooth and delicate tissues, doesnt smell like garlic Whats another name for a flowering plant? - CORRECT ANSWER-a vascular plant Describe the difference between algae and flowering plants - CORRECT ANSWERAlgae are primitive plants lacking true supporting or conducting tissues. They do not produce true toots, leaves, or flowers. Flowering plants contain vascular tissue. They also produce true roots, leaves, and flowers. List and briefly describe the four stages of development of a flowering plant. - CORRECT ANSWER-1.Seedling-The stage after the seed sprouts when the seed leaves and first true leaves emerge 2. Vegetative-The stage of rapid growth-stems,roots, and foliage form and grow 3. Reproductive-Flowering and seed production or fruit-set occur during this stage 4. Mature-At this stage, the plant lives but grows very little In what two stages does the movement of nutrients to the roots decrease? - CORRECT ANSWER-The reproductive and mature stages Explain the difference between annual and perennial plants - CORRECT ANSWERAnnuals are plants that complete all stages of development in one season and then die. Perennials display two basic patterns of growth. Many perennial plants complete all four growth stages in the first year and then repeat the vegetative, reproductive, and mature stages for several years following. Other grow vegetatively for several years, while they delay the reproduction and mature stages. Describe three methods of reproduction that enable many flowering plants to spread from one location to another - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Seeds: wind, water, animals, and people carry seeds long distances. When conditions are right, a seed will form a new plant. 2. Fragmentation: Like algae, small pieces of some flowering plants can break away from a parent plant and grow into new plants. Plant fragments can attach to boats, fishing poles, animal fur, boots, etc. In this way, people and animals can unknowingly transport flowering plants from one place to another. 3. Turions: a turion is a thick bud that grows at the base of a leaf. Turions can break off, float away, and form a new plant. They can be carried by the wind, water, animals, and people to new locations. Why do seeds and turions create problems for weed managers? - CORRECT ANSWER-Seeds and turions are able to lay dormant for many years. Many are not