ONS ONCC Exam Questions With Correct Answers

ONS ONCC Exam Questions With Correct Answers What is tumor lysis syndrome characterized by? - CORRECT ANSWER massive release of uric acid, potassium, and phosphate in to the blood from rapid lysis of malignant cells (typically seen after initiation of cytotoxic therapy for hematologic malignancies with large tumor burden (high grade lymphomas or high cell counts (ALL)) What is DIC characterized by - CORRECT ANSWER A cycle of intravascular clotting, followed by active bleeding. Caused by the initial consumption of coagulation factors and platelets. Results from abnormally widespread and ongoing activation of clotting. Hemorrhage is secondary to the abnormally high consumption of clotting factors and platelets. Deposition of fibrin clots in the circulation interferes with blood flow, causing widespread organ hypoperfusion. What is BRCA1 and BRCA2? - CORRECT ANSWER Breast cancer genes. If you have these genes you are more likely to have breast cancer later in life and the chances for ovarian and prostate cancer also increase. Just because you have active breast cancer does not mean you carry the gene though...but if you have the gene you are at a more increased risk of developing breast cancer. Cytoxan cyclophosphamide potential side effect - CORRECT ANSWER hemorrhagic cystitis Phases of clinical trials - CORRECT ANSWER Phase 1: small number of healthy volunteers to measure safety, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics Phase 2: small number of sick volunteers with disease of interest to measure treatment efficacy, optimal dosing, and adverse effects Phase 3: large number of randomly assigned either to treatment under investigation of to the best available treatment (or to placebo group to compare the new treatment to the current standard of care or placebo Phase 4: Postmarketing surveillance trial of patients after approval to detect rare or long-term adverse effects Epidermal growth factor receptor - CORRECT ANSWER What does EGFR stand for? Breast cancer types - CORRECT ANSWER luminal A (ER+, HER2-)- postmenopausal, slow-growing, responds to hormone therapy luminal B (triple positive)- LN metastasis, may respond to chemo normal breast like (ER+, HER2-)- well differentiated basal like (triple negative)- associated with BRCA1, high grade, aggressive Grading and staging of tumors - CORRECT ANSWER To predict clinical behavior of malignant tumor and guide therapeutic management. Dezrazoxane - CORRECT ANSWER Iron chelator to minimize oxidative damage caused by formation of *anthracycline-iron complexes* and also protects heart *against doxorubicin*. Prevent need for surgery (for vesication) What is tumor lysis syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER potentially lethal, 48-72 hrs after chemo tx initiation due to large number of cells being destroyed > hyperURICEMIA, hyperKALEMIA, hypocalcemia, hyperPHOSPHATEMIA Hyperuricemia - CORRECT ANSWER Increase in uric acid in the blood. Hypocalcemia S/S - CORRECT ANSWER Diarrhea, Numbness, Tingling of extremities and around mouth, Convulsions, Positive Chvostek sign, Positive Trousseau sign, *Pt at risk for tetany. What is SIADH characterized by? - CORRECT ANSWER fluid retention, serum hypoosmolality and hyponatremia, concentrated urine What is multiple myeloma? - CORRECT ANSWER Malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow What is treatment for multiple myeloma - CORRECT ANSWER chemotherapy and radiation