CCMA Exam Questions to prepare for national certification (AMT, NHA, AAMA).

CCMA Exam Questions to prepare for national certification (AMT, NHA, AAMA). Question Answer What are anthropometric signs? Height and weight What are vital signs? Temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure Schedule I Drugs Illegal, high potential for abuse Schedule II Drugs Need written Rx, high potential for abuse Schedule III Drugs Limited dependence, potential for abuse Schedule IV Drugs Decreased chance for abuse, can be called in to pharmacy Schedule V Drugs Least chance for abuse Signs Objective, visual illness indicators Symptoms Subjective, implied illness indicators Pharmacology Study of drugs, actions, dosages, and side effects Pharmacokinetics Study of the action of drugs within the body based on administration, rate of absorption, duration of action, and elimination from the body Pharmacodynamics Study of how drugs act on the body in specific cells, tissues, and organs PPE order of donning Gown, mask, goggles, gloves PPE order of removal Gloves, goggles, gown, mask Normal adult heart rate 60-100 bpm Normal adult blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg Hypertension starts at 150/90 mm Hg Width of BP cuff? 40-50% of arm circumference Intramuscular injection 90° Subcutaneous injection 45° Intradermal injection 15° 6 rights of medication administration? Patient, medication, route, time, documentation, dose 55% of blood is made up of? Plasma Most important antisepsis for MA? Hand washing Normal body temperature 98.6° F, 37° C Time to wait before retaking BP? 2 minutes Highest level of infection control? Sterilization Phlebotomy order of draw Yellow, clear, light blue, red, gold/tiger top, mint green, dark green, lavender, grey Lavender tube additive EDTA Light blue tube additive Sodium citrate Green tube additive Heparin What is used to clean a routine venipuncture site? 70% isopropyl alcohol Antecubital veins Median cubital, cephalic, basilic Maximum heel puncture depth 2 mm Permanent fusion of an artery and vein Fistula Electrolytes Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium Where to apply tourniquet? 3-4" above antecubital collection site Maximum number of venipuncture attempts from phlebotomist or MA? 2 Maximum time to leave tourniquet on? 1 minute Needle angle for antecubital venipuncture? 30° Needle angle for hand venipuncture? 10° Needle gauge Larger lumen, smaller needle What are CEUs? Continuing Education Units - maintain certification, i.e. participation in workshops ECG Electrocardiogram - Noninvasive test that records electrical activity of the heart V1 chest lead 4th intercostal space, right sternal border V2 chest lead 4th intercostal space, left sternal border V3 chest lead Between V2 and V4 V4 chest lead 5th intercostal space, left mid clavicular line V5 chest lead 5th intercostal space, left anterior axillary line V6 chest lead 5th intercostal space, mid axillary line Grounding lead Right leg Limb leads Right arm, left arm, left leg Three layers of the heart Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium Blood pressure sounds Kortokoff sounds - 1st is systolic, 5th is diastolic Contracting phase of the heart Systole Relaxing phase of the heart Diastole Pacemaker of the heart SA node Electrical conduction of the heart SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His Average amount of blood in the body? 5 liters The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the Pulmonary veins Heart has potential energy for the next cardiac cycle Polarization Heart relaxes and gains energy to pump Repolarization ECG horizontal line represents Time ECG vertical line represents Voltage ECG waves P, Q, R, S, T Segment Line between waveforms Waveform Movement away from baseline Complex Several waveforms together Interval Waveform + segment Four primary characteristics of cardiac cells Automaticity, conductivity, contractility, excitability Blood enters the heart from the body through the Vena cava The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the Right atrium Arteries Carry blood away from the heart Veins Carry blood toward the heart P wave Atrial depolarization QRS complex Ventricular depolarization T wave Ventricular repolarization AV node pause 1/10th second AV node firing rate 40-60 bpm SA node firing rate 60-100 bpm Anterior Front of the body Posterior Back of the body Lateral Side of the body Prone Laying face down Supine Laying face up Fowler's position Sitting Dorsal recumbent position Laying on back with knees up Sims position Laying on left side with left arm and shoulder behind body, right leg and arm sharply flexed on table, left knee slightly flexed Lithotomy position Laying on back with buttocks on the lower end of the table with feet in stirrups Machine for steam sterilizing medical Autoclave instruments Childhood immunizations DTaP, HIB, MMR, HBV, VZV, IPV Adult immunizations Influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, tetanus Pediatric dosage calculation Child's BSA (body surface area) in m² x adult dose / 1.7 m² Surgical hand washing 10 minutes - hands, wrists, forearms CC Chief complaint Dx Diagnosis Tx Treatment abx Antibiotics Rx Prescription Bx Biopsy STAT Now, immediately PI Present illness Dys Painful, bad, difficult NKA No known allergies NKDA No known drug allergies ROM Range of motion PH Past history ROS Review of systems FH Family history SH Social history c/o Complaining of prn As needed DAW Dispense as written sig Label, give the following sl Sublingual gt/gtt Drop/drops -tomy Incise, cut into -ectomy Removal -tripsy Crush, break -opsy To view -scope Instrument used to view -ism Condition of -itis Inflammation -oma Opening -ical Pertaining to HIPAA Health Insurance Protection & Portability Act Informed consent Permission given with knowledge of possible consequences Expressed consent Permission given verbally or in writing Visual acuity chart Snellen chart PPD tests for Tuberculosis Normal blood glucose 70-150 mg/dl Normal hemoglobin 13-17 g/dL (men), 12-15 g/dL (women) Normal oxygen saturation 96-100% Urine specimen collected to test for a UTI Mid stream clean-catch Best time to test urine Hcg levels First morning urine Most important hand washing factors Friction, soap, warm running water Universal blood donor O negative Infection acquired in a medical facility Nosocomial infection How many 1 mm boxes in a 6 second rhythm strip? 30 Average needle gauge for venipuncture 21-22 Best site for capillary puncture Fleshy portion of ring or middle finger, slightly to the side of center and perpendicular to whorls Why does the first drop of blood from a capillary puncture get wiped away? Prevent tissue fluid contamination Order of draw for capillary Lavender tubes, additive tubes, non- puncture additive tubes Hypertension High blood pressure Hypotension Low blood pressure Chronic bronchitis and emphysema Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Tachycardia Fast heart rate Bradycardia Slow heart rate Tissue death from lack of oxygen to the heart Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Chest pain from lack of blood flow to the heart Angina pectoris Abnormal heart sound Heart murmur Heart fluttering, skipped beats, hard or fast beat Heart palpitation Hardening of the arteries Arteriosclerosis Device to help heart maintain adequate rhythm Pacemaker Test measuring blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing to se how the heart responds to stress - often performed on a treadmill Stress test Young, soft bone bends and breaks - simplest fracture Greenstick fracture Broken ends of bone do not pierce through skin Closed fracture Bone pierces through skin Open/compound fracture Bone is splintered or broken into many pieces Comminuted fracture Bringing two bones closer together Flexion Increasing the angle between two bones, resulting in a straightening motion Extension Movement toward midsection Adduction Movement of an extremity away from midline Abduction Recommended body mass index (BMI) 19-25 Total water in body weight 55-65% Instrument used to test neurological reflexes Percussion hammer Instrument used for auscultation of heart, lungs, and bowels Stethoscope Instrument used for taking blood pressure Sphygmomanometer Instrument used to view eyes Ophthalmoscope Instrument used to view ears Otoscope Basic two dimensional radiograph commonly performed in a physician's office X-ray Detailed radiograph that permits cross-sectional views of a body region CT scan Test using a magnetic field and nonionizing radiation to produce images of the body MRI Use of high-frequency, inaudible sound waves to produce images based on echoes Ultrasound Auscultation Listening to body regions with a stethoscope Manipulation Passive movement of joints to assess extent of movement Palpation Use of hands and/or fingertips to assess/feel for positions and sizes of organs, masses, lumps, or other abnormalities; skin moisture/temperature, and joint flexibility Percussion Assessing density of body structures by tapping Correct way to wrap a limb Distal to proximal Maximum amount of time before suture removal 10 days What should the MA note when changing wound dressing? Color, odor, amount of drainage # of thoracic vertebrae 12 # of lumbar vertebrae 5 # of cervical vertebrae 7 Undesirable affect Adverse reaction Hypersensitivity Allergic reaction Most serious heat emergency Heat stroke Surgical asepsis Using sterile technique Opening or separation of an incision site Dehiscence Open wound Avulsion First step in medical emergency Assess responsiveness What do you do if victim is breathing but has no pulse? Chest compressions Clear wound drainage Serous Bloody wound drainage Sanguineous Blood tinged wound drainage Serosanguineous Grey, green, or yellow drainage Purulent Symptoms of shock Rapid, weak pulse and breathing; cold, pale skin Color blindness test Ishihara test Test associated with rectal exam Occult blood test Test associated with vaginal exam Pap smear Position used for rectal exam Sims position Position used for vaginal exam Lithotomy position Instrument used for vaginal exam Speculum Position for patients with difficulty breathing Fowler's position Low blood pressure that occurs when standing up from sitting or laying down Orthostatic hypotension Positions used for orthostatic vital signs Standing, sitting, supine Forms of sterilization Heat, liquid, gas Components of autoclave Stream, pressure, temperature, time Instrument used to move instruments and supplies on a sterile field Transfer forceps Instrument used to grasp blood vessels Hemostat Scissors with blunt tip on bottom blade Bandage scissors Knives of varying blades and sizes used for cutting, dissecting, and incising Scalpels Instrument used to grasp, crimp, and move tissue Forceps Instrument used for Curette scraping Outer layers of skin removed from scraping Abrasion Top layers of skin are bruised and bleeding occurs below skin from blunt trauma Contusion Smooth cut made from surgery Incision Jagged cut with irregular wound edges Laceration Small, round hole in skin and tissues from a sharp, Puncture pointed object How many times do you invert a venipuncture collection tube? 10 Test that measures patient's response to various tones Audiometry Instrument used to measure volume and flow of air Spirometer Medicine administered between cheek and gum Buccal Medicine administered Sublingual under the tongue Medicine administered on the skin via a patch Transdermal Burn with only superficial damage First degree burn Burn involving epidermis, dermis, and some subcutaneous tissue Second degree burn Burn involving all skin layers and possibly some muscle and bone Third degree burn Excessive, uncontrolled bleeding Hemorrhage Low blood sugar Hypoglycemia High blood sugar Hyperglycemia Neurological condition often presenting as uncontrolled tremors or jerking movement Seizures Partial or complete loss of consciousness due to decreased circulation in the brain Syncope Skin makes up how much 18% total body weight? Muscle most often used for IM injections Deltoid Method of injection used to prevent irritation to subcutaneous tissues; skin is pulled to one side before injection and released after injection Z-track Temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain causing stroke-like symptoms Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Instrument used to test for auditory acuity and bone vibration Tuning fork ECG paper speed 22 mm/s Interruptions or disturbances in the ECG strip caused by activity outside of the heart Artifacts ECG movement that results from electrodes that are too tight or loose, dirty, or patient has oily skin Wandering baseline Absence of heart rate Asystole Heart beat that originates outside of the SA node Ectopic beat Uncoordinated ventricular contractions Ventricular fibrillation Ventricular rate of 150-300 bpm Ventricular flutter Atrial rate of 350-500 bpm Atrial fibrillation Contraction of ventricles that occurs early Premature ventricular contraction Atrial contraction that occurs early Premature atrial contraction Atrial tachycardia that occurs and subsides suddenly Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia Atrial rate of 250-350 bpm that produces a "saw tooth" pattern Atrial flutter Small block on ECG paper 1 mm x 1 mm; represents 0.1 mV vertical and 0.04 s horizontal Large block on ECG paper 5 mm x 5 mm; represents 0.5 mV vertical and 5 blocks = 1 s ECG 6 second rule Number of complete complexes in strip x 10 ECG 300 rule Number of large boxes between R waves / 300 ECG 1500 rule Number of small boxes between 2 consecutive R waves / 1500 Portable device that monitors heart rhythm continuously for 24-48 hours by electrodes attached to chest Holter monitor Study of the heart's electrical system Electrophysiology Dilation of an arterial vessel wall or heart chamber due to weakening or ballooning Aneurysm Hardening and thickening of the arteries with plaque and lipid accumulation Coronary artery disease (CAD) Heart fails to generate adequate blood output Congestive heart failure (CHF) Blood clot Thrombus Mass that enters the bloodstream Embolism Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart that causes permanent valve damage Endocarditis Inflammation of the Pericarditis pericardium Impaired blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle Mitral valve stenosis Blood flow in the wrong direction Valvular regurgitation Disease of the heart muscle Cardiomyopathy Localized collection of blood Hematoma Removal of a small section of tissue for examination Biopsy Removal of dead skin tissue Debridement Five types of bones Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid Patient education steps Identify topic and purpose, assess patient's ability and needs, develop plan, implement plan, document, evaluate patient understanding, reevaluate on follow up Patient preparation for minor office surgery Hair removal, skin cleaning, draping DTaP vaccine Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus MMR vaccine Measles, mumps, rubella Cranial cavity Brain Spinal cavity Spinal cord Thoracic cavity Lungs, heart, large blood vessels Abdominal cavity Stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys Pelvic cavity Urinary bladder, urinary structures, reproductive organs Solid, elevated 1 cm lesion Papule Solid, elevated 1-2 cm lesion Nodule Elevated, fluid-filled lesion Pustule Flat, elevated lesion Plaque Condition of decreased bone mass and density Osteoporosis Type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the end of bones wears down Osteoarthritis Type of arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the joints Gout Medical term for nose bleed Epistaxis Organ that produces bile and breaks down waste Liver Organ that filters blood Spleen Organ that produces enzymes for digestion Pancreas Organ that stores bile Gallbladder What is the function of lymph? Sends leaked interstitial fluid into the venous system, assists with immunity, and helps filter blood Condition in which blood does not have enough healthy red blood cells Anemia Involuntary muscle or other movement by patient seen on ECG Somatic tremors Destroying tissue by freezing Cryosurgery Cutting and cauterization of skin and tissues using an electrical current Electrosurgery Use of a special instrument to examine the inside of the body Endoscopy Use of narrow beams for diagnostic and treatment applications Laser surgery Tube containing serum separator Gold/tiger Tube used for coagulation studies Light blue How much urine should be collected for a specimen? 30-50 ml Needle gauge for 25-27 intradermal injection How many lb in 1 kg? 2.2 lb Body's ability to maintain normal state Homeostasis Room temperature urine specimens begin to deteriorate after 1 hour Chemical properties of urine pH, blood, glucose Components of urinalysis Physical, chemical, microscopic Three types of blood cells Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes Most abundant leukocytes in human body Neutrophils Leukocytes that increase with inflammation Basophils Essential component of hemoglobin Iron Breakdown of food into usable units to provide growth and energy production Metabolism Medication with quickest action Intravenous Age for baseline ECG 40 years Physical examination for patients 20-40 year old Every 1-3 years Age to start mammograms 40 years (women) NPO Nothing by mouth PO By mouth q Every h Hour ac Before meals pc After meals qd Every day qod Every other day qh Every hour bid Twice daily tid Three times daily qid Four times daily hs Hour of sleep (bedtime) qhs Every hour of sleep (bedtime) f/u Follow up cxr Chest x-ray d/c Discontinue Melan/o Black Leuk/o White Erythr/o Red Cyan/o Blue SOB Shortness of breath -algia Pain Nephr/o Kidney Hepat/o Liver Cardi/o Heart Ot/o Ear Opthalm/o Eye My/o Muscle Oste/o Bone Gastr/o Stomach Hemat/o Blood Pneum/o Lung Cost/o Rib Cephal/o Head Enter/o Intestines Hyster/o Uterus Oophor/o Ovary Salping/o Fallopian tube Orchi/o Testicle Gravid/o Pregnancy Prostat/o Prostate Phleb/o Vein Myring/o, tympan/o Eardrum -emesis Vomiting -pnea Breathing -emia Condition of blood -sclerosis Hardening -centesis Puncture to remove fluid -plasty Surgical repair -graph Instrument for reading -uria Condition of urine -lysis Destruction -rrhea Flow/discharge MA administrative duties Greet patients, answer phones, update and file medical records, fill out insurance forms, schedule appointments, handle billing and bookkeeping, arrange hospital admission and laboratory services MA clinical duties Take medical histories, record vital signs, explain procedures, prepare patients for exams, assist physician with exams and procedures, perform ECG, collect and prepare lab specimens (urine, blood), administer medications and injections, etc. Inflammation of lungs due to aspiration, bacteria, virus, fungus, or protozoa Pneumonia Inflammation of the bronchioles Bronchitis Stoppage of breathing Apnea Nasal drainage Rhinorrhea Painful urination Dysuria Kidney stones Nephrolithiasis Inflammation of the bladder Cystitis Inflammation of the stomach Gastritis Also known as acid reflux, condition that affects the lower esophageal sphincter GERD Erosive area on stomach lining Peptic ulcer Inflammation of the appendix Appendicitis Inflammation of diverticula in the colon Diverticulitis Master gland that releases numerous hormones Pituitary gland Gland that secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine Thyroid gland Glands that secrete corticosteroids Adrenal glands Gland that secretes melatonin and various neurotransmitters Pineal gland Deficiency in insulin production or poor insulin usage Diabetes mellitus Excess production of thyroid hormones Hyperthyroidism Underactive thyroid gland Hypothyroidism Demyelination of the central nervous system Multiple sclerosis Chronic seizure disorder Epilepsy Infarction of the brain due to lack of blood flow Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Nearsightedness Myopia Farsightedness Hyperopia Double vision Diplopia Crossed eyes Strabismus Irregular curvature of the cornea Astigmatism Inflammation of the lining of the eyelid known as "pink eye" Conjunctivitis Accumulation of excess intraocular aqueous humor Glaucoma Clouding of the lens due to protein accumulation Cataract Infection and inflammation of the middle ear Otitis media Infection and inflammation of the outer ear Otitis externa Painful menstruation Dysmenorrhea Absence of menstruation Amenorrhea Bleeding in between menstrual cycles Metorrhagia Increase in bleeding amount and duration Menorrhagia First pregnancy Primigravida More than one pregnancy Multipara Pregnancy outside of the uterus Ectopic pregnancy Surgical removal of the uterus Hysterectomy Surgical removal of the ovaries Oophorectomy Surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries Salpingo-oophorectomy Infection and inflammation of the reproductive tract Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Yeast infection Candidiasis Uterine fibroids Leiomyomas Condition of pregnancy characterized by edema, hypertension, and proteinuria Eclampsia Excess protein in urine Proteinuria Accumulation of fluid in tissues, causing swelling Edema Miscarriage that occurs naturally Spontaneous abortion Scraping of uterine lining Dilation and curettage (D&C) Magnified direct inspection of the cervix to detect cancer or other abnormalities Colposcopy Test to screen for cervical cancer Papanicolaou (Pap) smear Removal of a portion of the vas deferens Vasectomy Surgical procedure to lower undescended testes Orchiopexy Inflammation of the urethra Urethritis Infection of the kidney Pyelonephritis Gradual, progressive loss of kidney function resulting in insufficiency Chronic renal failure Blood in urine Hematuria Condition characterized by painful, frequent urination Urinary tract infection (UTI) -rrhaphy Suturing -pathy Disease -plegia Paralysis -plasty Repair -graphy Recording -ostomy Surgical creation of an opening Branch of medicine Pediatrics specializing in infants, children, and adolescents Branch of medicine specializing in the elderly Gerontology Branch of medicine specializing in blood Hematology Branch of medicine specializing in the kidneys Nephrology Branch of medicine specializing in the ears, nose, and throat Otolaryngology Branch of medicine specializing in women's Gynecology health Branch of medicine specializing in the eyes Ophthalmology Branch of medicine specializing in cancer prevention and treatment Oncology Branch of medicine specializing in the heart Cardiology Branch of medicine specializing in the liver Hepatology Branch of medicine specializing in the skin Dermatology Branch of medicine specializing in the GI tract Gastroenterology Branch of medicine specializing in the endocrine glands Endocrinology Branch of medicine specializing in the nervous system Neurology Branch of medicine specializing in the lungs Pulmonology Branch of medicine Radiology specializing in the medical use of x-rays or other radiation Branch of medicine specializing in pregnancy and childbirth Obstetrics Branch of medicine specializing in the urinary system Urology Branch of medicine specializing in joint conditions Rheumatology Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders Psychiatry Branch of medicine specializing in vein incision Phlebotomy What is the preferred collection site for venipuncture? Antecubital fossa Where to collect blood from an arm with an IV line? Below the IV site or on the other arm What does a general minor surgery tray contain? 4 towel clips, scalpel, curved and straight hemostats, scissors, forceps, needle holder, sponges, sutures, and drapes What does a suture tray contain? Towel clips, curved hemostat, forceps with teeth, thumb forceps, sutures, scissors, needle holder, gauze, and drapes What does a suture removal tray contain? Scissors, thumb forceps, and gauze What does a staple removal tray contain? Staple remover and gauze Common antiseptic skin cleansing solution used for surgery Betadine Proper solution for cleaning blood spills 1:9 bleach solution Main federal agency charged with the enforcement of safety and health legislation Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Federal regulatory standards that apply to all clinical laboratory testing performed on humans in the United States Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) Organization that accredits more than 21,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States Joint Commission Summary in the patient's own words explaining why they are seeking medical services Chief complaint Patient's past health status Medical history Medical history of the patient's biological family members Family history Patient's past and present exposures and personal habits, such as drinking and smoking Social history Interview technique used to question patients about organ systems Review of systems What is an appropriate technique to ensure the patient was listening? Ask them to repeat back what you said (i.e. post surgery instructions, medications) Neurological test used to determine balance when the patient is standing erect with their eyes Romberg test closed The average adult has how many liters of blood? 5-6 Imaginary plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves Midsagittal plane Imaginary plane dividing the body into upper and lower halves Transverse plane Imaginary plane dividing the body into front and back halves Coronal plane Intradermal injection 1-1 1/2" needle length Subcutaneous injection needle length 5/8-1/2" Intramuscular injection needle length 1/4-1/2" Machine that rapidly rotates specimens, using centrifugal force to separate substances; commonly used for blood and urine in a medical setting. Centrifuge How long should urine be centrifuged? 5 minutes Normal urine color Straw Container used for disposal of needles Sharps container When is the best time to collect a sputum sample? First thing in the morning What is the normal range for an HbA1c test? 4-5.9% Procedure used to remove earwax (cerumen) Ear irrigation or lavage Surgical removal of the gallbladder Cholecystectomy Surgical removal of the appendix Appendectomy Surgical removal of the tonsils Tonsillectomy Surgical removal of a kidney Nephrectomy What is a blood culture used to check for? Bacteria What color does gram positive bacteria stain? Purple What is Gram's method? A method of staining used to differentiate bacterial species into two large groups, gram positive and gram negative How long can culture and sensitivity tests be kept at room temperature? 72 hours What type of urine collection is required for culture and sensitivity testing? Mid stream clean-catch Documentation method used for charting - subjective, objective, assessment, and plan SOAP method Describes the patient’s current condition in narrative form, including chief complaint Subjective Documents objective, repeatable, and traceable facts about the patient’s status Objective Physician’s medical diagnoses for the medical visit on the given date Assessment Describes what the health care provider will do to treat the patient – ordering labs, referrals, procedures performed, medications prescribed, etc. Plan Scheduling two or more patients in the same appointment slot Double-booking Grouping of similar appointments together in Cluster scheduling the same day or week Specific number of patients scheduled at the top of the hour Wave scheduling Hour long scheduling blocks broken down into smaller increments, usually 10-15 minutes Modified wave scheduling Most common scheduling; patient given an appointment based on length of time needed Time specific scheduling Too many gaps between appointments Underbooking Protection against losses from illness, injury, disability, and accidental death or dismemberment Health insurance Insurance that covers only specific medical expenses Medical insurance Federal government program for those who qualify due to low income Medicaid Federal government program for those over the age of 65 or with specific disabilities Medicare Contracts to individuals or groups that cover specific medical expenses Prepaid health plans Health insurance provided to a group, usually employees, which provides coverage in the form of a lump sum payment or periodic payments Group health insurance Portion of expense that the insured must pay before the person is entitled to benefits from the insurer Deductible Arrangement in which the insured pays a specified amount for various services and the health care provider pays the remainder; typically payed at time of appointment. Copayment Reimbursement is made to the provider based on a predetermined reimbursement leveL Prospective payment system (PPS) Medicare Part A Hospital insurance Medicare Part B Supplemental insurance; medically necessary physician services, outpatient hospital and physical therapy services, speech pathology, etc. Medicare Part C Managed care plans that save out-of- pocket costs + extra benefits such as prescription drugs, dental care, and eye exams Medicare Part D Prescription drug plan Organization of hospitals and physicians who provide services to insurance company clients PPO Prepaid medical service plan where patients must use contracted providers HMO Covers most health care services for veterans, their dependents and survivors CHAMPVA Covers health care services for active military personnel TRICARE Codes used for reporting various diagnoses International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Current coding revision ICD-10-CM Listing of standardized Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) alphanumeric codes medical coders use to report services What are the four stages of the infectious process? Incubation, prodromal, acute illness, convalescent Organisms establish presence in the susceptible host Incubation stage Symptoms of infection begin to appear Prodromal stage Organisms are growing and spreading inside the host Acute illness Damaged tissue begins healing and symptoms resolve Convalescent stage What is the chain of infection? Causative organism, reservoir, method of exit, mode of transmission from reservoir to host, susceptible host, and mode of entry into the host What is the inflammatory response? Body attacks and destroys microorganisms and renovates tissue after injury, damage, or death What are the five indications of local inflammation? Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, loss of function What are the two indications of systemic inflammation? Fever and increase of white blood cells What are standard precautions? Universal level of precautions used when caring for any patient What are the three transmission based precautions? Contact, droplet, airborne Wearing gloves, gown, and shoes, and designating equipment use for a single patient is using Contact precautions Wearing masks, face shields, and goggles is using Droplet precautions Wearing a respirator is using Airborne precautions What is the role of the MA in surgical asepsis? Monitoring the surgical field to decrease patient risk What are the four environmental safety measures? Fire, electrical, radiation, and poison What temperature and time is used to sterilize instruments with dry heat? 320° F for 1 hour What temperature and time is used to sterilize instruments with steam in the autoclave? 250-254° F for 20-40 minutes Normal adult respiration rate 12-20 breaths per minute Healthy blood pressure values Systolic 100-139, diastolic 60-79 Hypothermia is defined as a temperature below 95° F What are the causes of hypothermia? Shock, environment, exposure to elements, thyroid disorders Fever is defined as a temperature above 100.4° F What are the causes of fever? Infection, stress, dehydration, exercise, environment, thyroid disorders What is the role of the MA in the physical exam? Prepare and clean exam room and equipment, prepare patient by giving instructions, help with draping and gowning, and assisting the physician. Size of capillary puncture blade for adults 3 mm Size of capillary puncture blade for children 2.4 mm What tests are CLIA waived? Urinalysis (dipstick and tablet reagent), occult blood, urine Hcg, blood glucose, ESR, Hgb, Hct, strep A, and ovulation testing What departments are used for blood testing? Hematology, coagulation studies, blood chemistry, immunology, and microbiology Invasive procedure Colonoscopy performed to visually examine and take biopsies from the GI tract Special scope used to visually examine the larynx, bronchi, and trachea Bronchoscopy Small device used to assess blood oxygen concentration Pulse oximeter Insertion of a catheter into a patient's artery or vein so that dye and x-ray viewing can be used for diagnostic purposes Angiography Pounds to kilograms Pounds / 2.2 Kilograms to pounds Kilograms x 2.2 What equipment is included on a crash cart? PPE, CPR mask, one-way breathing valve device, bag-valve-mask, oxygen, first aid supplies, necessary medications How do you control hemorrhage? Apply direct pressure to the area, apply new dressing and continue pressure when dressing is soaked with blood, elevate area above heart level How do you treat first- degree burns? Apply cool compress for pain relief and prevent infection by applying a dry sterile dressing How do you treat second- degree burns? Cool skin with cold water or compress and apply a dry sterile dressing How do you treat third- degree burns? Cover injured area with a sterile cloth and apply cool sterile water or saline, keep patient in supine position with head lower than the body, remove any loose clothing or jewelry near the burn How do you help a choking patient? Perform the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrust) if patient is conscious, attempt to remove object in supine position if patient is unconscious How do you treat chest pain? Keep patient calm, warm, and quiet; monitor and record vitals, administer nitroglycerine per physician's order, apply oxygen, perform ECG, be prepared to perform CPR How do you treat hypoglycemia? Give a form of simple sugar (juice, crackers, candy), perform a finger-stick blood glucose test, give a form of protein (milk, meat, peanut butter) if level remains low How do you treat hyperglycemia? Notify the physician and follow orders How do you treat seizures? Move items away from patient, make sure clothing isn't affecting circulation, monitor for excessive saliva or vomiting and move patient to side if needed, allow rest and privacy, transport to hospital per physician's orders How do you treat shock? Assess ABCs, administer supplemental oxygen, position patient's extremities above heart level, closely monitor vitals, provide support, transfer to emergency services How do you treat syncope? Assist patient to lay down, apply cool cloth or ammonia to stimulate consciousness, assess ABCs, monitor vitals, elevate legs higher than head, keep patient warm, calm, and quiet Breaking down of organic Catabolism matter Building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids Anabolism Chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life Metabolism What nutrients does the human body need for growth, energy, and development? Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, water Deficiency of nutrients Malnutrition Which vitamins are water soluble? B, C Which vitamins are fat soluble? A, D, E, K Toward the upper body region Superior Toward the lower body region Inferior Front side of the body Anterior Back side of the body Posterior Skin makes up how much of the body's weight? 18% Common human phenomenon characterized by an intense fear or dread related to a known or unknown cause Anxiety Relationship between a person and his or her environment that arises when he or she feels pressure or overwhelming feelings related to a situation, event, person, place, or thing Stress A person's judgment of her or her own worth and value Self-esteem Who developed the Theory of Psychosocial Development? Erikson At what age would a child develop autonomy vs. shame and doubt? 18 months-3 years At what age would a child develop identity vs. role confusion? 12-20 years Who developed the Theory of Developmental Learning? Piaget What are the four periods of developmental learning? Sensorimotor (birth-2 years), preoperational (2-6 years), concrete operational (7-11 years), formal operations (12-adult) Who developed the model for the five stages of grief? Kübler-Ross What are the five stages of grief? Denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance What is the transferring of feelings for a threatening person, place, or thing to one that is neutral? Displacement What is the assignment of feelings or motivation to another person, place, or thing? Projection What are learned external behaviors and internal thought processes that are used to decrease discomfort and pain? Coping mechanisms What is the demonstration of behavior characteristics from a earlier developmental stage? Regression What are important communication skills for an MA? Active listening, asking open-ended questions to gain further understanding, paying attention to patient's non-verbal communication (gestures, facial expressions, etc.) as well as verbal communication At most, how many times should the phone ring before answering? 3 As an MA doing phone triage, how can you manage the physician's time? Screening calls - refer necessary calls only and take messages for other calls. What would violate HIPAA when leaving a phone Giving any information about the patient's diagnoses, test results, message for a patient? medications, or procedures Instance of negligence or incompetence on the part of a professional Malpractice Patient has been seen within 3-5 years, depending on the practice's policy Active patient file Patient has not been seen within 3-5 years , depending on the practice's policy Inactive patient file Patient is deceased, has moved, or has reached legal age limit Closed patient file What method is used to destroy a medical record? Shredding Medical records filed by the units of the patient's name Alphabetic filing system Each patient is assigned a medical record number and the numbers are cross-references with an alphabetic (master) file Numeric filing system Medical records are filed in coordination with number and/or letters and each letter, group of letters, number, or group of numbers is designated with a specific color Color coding system Who owns a patient's medical record? The medical facility Annually updated manual of prescription drugs Physicians' Desk Reference Documenting information in a medical record, including reports, test results, and consultation notes Documentation or charting Contains all rules and protocols relevant to the medical office Policy and Procedure Manual Drugs that prevent and treat infections Anti-infectives Drugs that prevent vomiting Antiemetics Drugs that relieve pain without causing anesthesia Analgesics Drugs that prevent and treat bacterial infections Antibiotics Drugs that reduce pain and inflammation Anti-inflammatory Drug administered through a vein Intravenous (IV) Drug applied to the skin Topical