Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. The __________ is the structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass from the
mother to the fetus.
a. Zygote
b. Amnion
c. Uterus
d. Placenta
ANSWER: D
NOTES: Correct = 95%
REF: p. 427
2. The potential damage due to prenatal exposure to maternal illness is primarily a
function
a. of when the mother contracts the disease
b. of the severity of the mother's symptoms
c. of the condition of the mother's overall health
d. of whether the unborn child is male or female
ANSWER: A
NOTES: Correct = 65%
REF: p. 430
3. Of the factors that may shape development prior to birth, which is the LEAST
understood?
a. excessive alcohol use
b. rubella (German measles)
c. fluctuations in maternal emotions
d. tobacco use
ANSWER: C
NOTES: Correct = 91%
REF: p. 431
4. In learning to crawl, children initially depend on their arms to propel them and later
shift to using their legs. This motor development sequence is an example of
a. the cephalocaudal trend
b. the proximodistal trend
c. the cephalopedal trend
d. encephalitis
ANSWER: A
NOTES: Correct = 51%
, REF: p. 432
5. According to the basic sequences of progression of motor maturation, which of the
following body structures should take the longest to come under effective control?
a. torso
b. shoulders
c. arms
d. Fingers
ANSWER: D
NOTES: Correct = 88%
REF: p. 432
6. With respect to maturation, it has been discovered that
a. all children go through roughly the same sequence of physical
development
b. the sequence of physical development varies from culture to culture
c. the sequence of physical development varies from individual to
individual
d. while sequence varies a lot, rates are fairly universal across children
ANSWER: A
NOTES: Correct = 61%
REF: p. 433
7. Tucker is a graduate student who is studying identity formation. He selects a group of
5-year-olds, a group of 10-year-olds, and a group of 15-year-olds, and interviews each
group, asking them what they plan to be when they finish school. In this example,
Tucker is using
a. a longitudinal research design
b. a cross-sectional research design
c. a multi-factorial research design
d. a nested condition research design
ANSWER: B
NOTES:
REF: p. 434
8. Ruby is an active infant who appears to be somewhat high-strung, and who protests
loudly every time her parents try to change her routine in any way. Using the
temperament categories outlined by Thomas and Chess, Ruby would most likely be
considered to have
a. an easy temperament
b. a slow-to-warm-up temperament
c. a difficult temperament
d. an uninhibited temperament
, ANSWER: C
NOTES:
REF: p. 435
9. Ross is a shy, timid child who is uncomfortable around unfamiliar people. Using the
temperament categories outlined by Kagan, Ross would most likely be considered to
have
a. an easy temperament
b. an inhibited temperament
c. a slow-to-warm-up temperament
d. an uninhibited temperament
ANSWER: B
NOTES:
REF: p. 435
10. The close, emotional bond of affection between an infant and its caregiver is called
a. attachment
b. dependency
c. imprinting
d. identification
ANSWER: A
NOTES: Correct = 85%
REF: p. 435
11. According to Belsky, if the local environment is relatively safe and rich in resources,
then individuals are more likely to form __________ attachments as children, and as
adults they will be more likely to pursue a reproductive strategy that fosters
__________ in mating relationships.
a. secure; quality
b. secure; quantity
c. insecure; quality
d. insecure; quantity
ANSWER: A
NOTES:
REF: p. 438
12. Gilbert did not date much prior to his marriage, and he recently celebrated his 35 th
wedding anniversary. He spent a lot of time with his three children when they were
growing up, and he has been very involved with the raising of his grandchildren.
Based on Belsky's research, if you looked at Gilbert's early childhood, you might
expect to find that he grew up in __________ environment, and that he formed
__________ attachment with his parents.
, a. an unsafe, impoverished; an insecure
b. an unsafe, impoverished; a secure
c. a safe, enriched; a secure
d. a safe, enriched; an insecure
ANSWER: C
NOTES:
REF: p. 438
13. Jerry is 8 months old. Based on Erikson's theory of personality development, the
fundamental question that Jerry is dealing with at this point in his life is
a. "Is my world predictable and supportive?"
b. "Can I do things myself, or must I always rely on others?"
c. "Am I good or am I bad?"
d. "Am I competent or am I worthless?"
ANSWER: A
NOTES:
REF: p. 440
14. Mrs. Tabak looks out her kitchen window and is upset to see that her six-year-old son,
Ryan, is picking all the tomatoes from her garden, setting them on his t-ball stand, and
smashing them with his bat. Ryan's substitution of tomatoes for his regular red t-ball
illustrates the process that Piaget referred to as
a. accommodation
b. object permanence
c. centration
d. assimilation
ANSWER: D
NOTES:
REF: p. 442
15. Lane is currently attending preschool. According to the stages outlined by Piaget,
Lane would most likely be in the
a. sensorimotor period of cognitive development
b. formal period of cognitive development
c. preoperational period of cognitive development
d. concrete period of cognitive development
ANSWER: C
NOTES:
REF: p. 442
16. The idea that even if an object changes shape or appearance the underlying quantity of
the object remains the same is Piaget's principle of
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. The __________ is the structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass from the
mother to the fetus.
a. Zygote
b. Amnion
c. Uterus
d. Placenta
ANSWER: D
NOTES: Correct = 95%
REF: p. 427
2. The potential damage due to prenatal exposure to maternal illness is primarily a
function
a. of when the mother contracts the disease
b. of the severity of the mother's symptoms
c. of the condition of the mother's overall health
d. of whether the unborn child is male or female
ANSWER: A
NOTES: Correct = 65%
REF: p. 430
3. Of the factors that may shape development prior to birth, which is the LEAST
understood?
a. excessive alcohol use
b. rubella (German measles)
c. fluctuations in maternal emotions
d. tobacco use
ANSWER: C
NOTES: Correct = 91%
REF: p. 431
4. In learning to crawl, children initially depend on their arms to propel them and later
shift to using their legs. This motor development sequence is an example of
a. the cephalocaudal trend
b. the proximodistal trend
c. the cephalopedal trend
d. encephalitis
ANSWER: A
NOTES: Correct = 51%
, REF: p. 432
5. According to the basic sequences of progression of motor maturation, which of the
following body structures should take the longest to come under effective control?
a. torso
b. shoulders
c. arms
d. Fingers
ANSWER: D
NOTES: Correct = 88%
REF: p. 432
6. With respect to maturation, it has been discovered that
a. all children go through roughly the same sequence of physical
development
b. the sequence of physical development varies from culture to culture
c. the sequence of physical development varies from individual to
individual
d. while sequence varies a lot, rates are fairly universal across children
ANSWER: A
NOTES: Correct = 61%
REF: p. 433
7. Tucker is a graduate student who is studying identity formation. He selects a group of
5-year-olds, a group of 10-year-olds, and a group of 15-year-olds, and interviews each
group, asking them what they plan to be when they finish school. In this example,
Tucker is using
a. a longitudinal research design
b. a cross-sectional research design
c. a multi-factorial research design
d. a nested condition research design
ANSWER: B
NOTES:
REF: p. 434
8. Ruby is an active infant who appears to be somewhat high-strung, and who protests
loudly every time her parents try to change her routine in any way. Using the
temperament categories outlined by Thomas and Chess, Ruby would most likely be
considered to have
a. an easy temperament
b. a slow-to-warm-up temperament
c. a difficult temperament
d. an uninhibited temperament
, ANSWER: C
NOTES:
REF: p. 435
9. Ross is a shy, timid child who is uncomfortable around unfamiliar people. Using the
temperament categories outlined by Kagan, Ross would most likely be considered to
have
a. an easy temperament
b. an inhibited temperament
c. a slow-to-warm-up temperament
d. an uninhibited temperament
ANSWER: B
NOTES:
REF: p. 435
10. The close, emotional bond of affection between an infant and its caregiver is called
a. attachment
b. dependency
c. imprinting
d. identification
ANSWER: A
NOTES: Correct = 85%
REF: p. 435
11. According to Belsky, if the local environment is relatively safe and rich in resources,
then individuals are more likely to form __________ attachments as children, and as
adults they will be more likely to pursue a reproductive strategy that fosters
__________ in mating relationships.
a. secure; quality
b. secure; quantity
c. insecure; quality
d. insecure; quantity
ANSWER: A
NOTES:
REF: p. 438
12. Gilbert did not date much prior to his marriage, and he recently celebrated his 35 th
wedding anniversary. He spent a lot of time with his three children when they were
growing up, and he has been very involved with the raising of his grandchildren.
Based on Belsky's research, if you looked at Gilbert's early childhood, you might
expect to find that he grew up in __________ environment, and that he formed
__________ attachment with his parents.
, a. an unsafe, impoverished; an insecure
b. an unsafe, impoverished; a secure
c. a safe, enriched; a secure
d. a safe, enriched; an insecure
ANSWER: C
NOTES:
REF: p. 438
13. Jerry is 8 months old. Based on Erikson's theory of personality development, the
fundamental question that Jerry is dealing with at this point in his life is
a. "Is my world predictable and supportive?"
b. "Can I do things myself, or must I always rely on others?"
c. "Am I good or am I bad?"
d. "Am I competent or am I worthless?"
ANSWER: A
NOTES:
REF: p. 440
14. Mrs. Tabak looks out her kitchen window and is upset to see that her six-year-old son,
Ryan, is picking all the tomatoes from her garden, setting them on his t-ball stand, and
smashing them with his bat. Ryan's substitution of tomatoes for his regular red t-ball
illustrates the process that Piaget referred to as
a. accommodation
b. object permanence
c. centration
d. assimilation
ANSWER: D
NOTES:
REF: p. 442
15. Lane is currently attending preschool. According to the stages outlined by Piaget,
Lane would most likely be in the
a. sensorimotor period of cognitive development
b. formal period of cognitive development
c. preoperational period of cognitive development
d. concrete period of cognitive development
ANSWER: C
NOTES:
REF: p. 442
16. The idea that even if an object changes shape or appearance the underlying quantity of
the object remains the same is Piaget's principle of
