✿ NUR 140 FA 25 – PEDS EXAM 1
► A1 Overview of Pediatric Nursing + Caring for Clients Across the Lifespan
PEDS Schedule Readings
1. PN PNR Ch. 3 Health Promotion of Infants (2 Days to 1 Year)
2. PN PNR Ch. 4 Health Promotion of Toddlers (1–3 Years)
3. PN PNR Ch. 5 Health Promotion of Preschoolers (3–6 Years)
4. PN PNR Ch. 6 Health Promotion of School-Age Children (6-12 Years)
5. ATI EF Human Growth Development: Conception Through Adolescence
Content Heading – Overview of Pediatric Nursing + Caring for Clients Across the Lifespan
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Class Content (Blueprint)
1. Growth and Development – (Erikson, Piaget, milestones)
a. Infants
b. Toddlers
c. Preschoolers
d. School-aged children
e. Adolescents
2. Health Promotion
a. Infants
b. Toddlers
c. Preschoolers
d. School-aged children
e. Adolescents
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Student Objective Blueprint F25 – Overview of Pediatric Nursing + Caring for Clients Across the Lifespan
1. 16% + 6-10Q
2. Assess and discuss biological, psychosocial and cognitive development for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and
adolescent clients.
a. Infants (birth/2 dys. – 1 yr.)
i. General Measurement of Full-Term Newborn
1. Head circumference → cephalic → 33–25 cm. (13–14 in.)
2. Crown to rump length → head to bum → 31–25 cm. (12.5–14 in.)
3. Length → head to heel length → 48–53 cm (19–21 in.)
4. Weight → 2,700–4,000 g (6–9 lb.)
a. Newborns lose 10% of birth weight by 3–4 days of age
b. Birth weight is regained 10th–14th day of life
ii. Physical Development
1. Fontanel → soft spots on the skull during development
a. Posterior fontanel → closes 2 months
b. Anterior fontanel → closes 12–18 months
2. Infant Size → tracked via weight, height, head circumference
a. Weight → 680 g (1.5 lb) per month for the first 5
i. 6 months – 7.26 kg (16 lb)
ii. Birth weight doubles at (5?) 6 months
iii. Birth weight triples at 12 months or 1 yr. → 9.75 kg (21.5 lb)
b. Head circumference → ~2 cm (0.75 in) per month during first 4
i. 1 cm (0.4 in) per month from 4–6 months
ii. ~0.5 cm (0.2 in) per month during second set of 6 months (7-12)
iii. Cognitive Development
1. Piaget – Sensorimotor Stage (Birth – 24 months)
a. Separation : infant separate themselves from environment
, b. Object Permanence : 9–10 months; infants learn object exists out of view when not seen
c. Mental representation : recognize and use symbols
2. Language Development – crying first form of communication
iv. Psychosocial Development
1. Erikson – Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth – 1 yr.)
a. Relationship established between infant and caregiver.
i. Trust → needs are met; comfort, feeding, stimulation
ii. Mistrust → inconsistent needs; inadequate stimulation
2. Motor Skill Development
a. 1–2 months → prone + lift head e. 9–10 months → crawl on hands & knees
b. 3–4 months → supine + object in hand + hold objects like rattle
c. 5–6 months → butt can roll f. 11–12 months → infant walk w/ hand held
d. 7–8 months → sit w/ arm & hand assist + Infant places objects in
container
3. Social Development
a. Attachment & bond from the start of birth
b. Separation anxiety begins around 4–8 months
c. Stranger fear → 6–8 months
d. Reactive attachment disorder; maladaptive/absent attachment
v. Age-Appropriate Activities
1. Interpersonal contact; education stimulation; solitary play:
a. Rattles, teething toys, colored toys & blocks
b. Soft stuffed toys, balls, mirrors, nesting toys
vi. Health Promotion
1. Immunizations (DTaP, Rotavirus Vaccine (RV), Inactivated Poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus Influenzae type B (Hib),
Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV), and Hepatitis B (Hep B)
a. Birth → Hepatitis B (Hep B)
b. 2 Months → DTaP + RV + IPV + Hib + PCV + Hep B
c. 4 Months → DTaP + RV + IPV + Hib + PCV
d. 6 Months → DTaP + IPV (6–18) + PCV + Hep B (6–18) + RV + Hib
2. Nutrition → Solids (Complementary foods); introduced around 6 months of age
b. Toddlers (1–3 yrs.)
i. Physical Development
1. Anterior fontanels close → 18 months
2. Weight → 30 months; toddlers weight 4x their birth weight → 1.8–2.7 kg (4–6 lb) per year
3. Height → Grow about 7.5 cm (3 in.) per year
4. Head circumference → Head + Chest are equal
ii. Cognitive Development
1. Piaget – Preoperational Stage → Playing House!
a. Demonstrate memories of events; playing house; cannot understand other viewpoints
b. Can symbolize objects and people to imitate activities
iii. Psychosocial Development
1. Erikson – Autonomy vs. Shame + Doubt
a. Toddlers attempt to be independent; use negative responses express independence
b. Ritual/routine allows them to have a sense of control/comfort
iv. Age Appropriate Activities
1. Solitary play; parallel play; appropriate activities:
a. Filling/emptying containers, water toys & clay
v. Health Promotion
1. Immunization
a. 12–15 months → IPV (3rd, 6–18 months), HiB; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; MMR; varicella
b. 12–23 months → Hep A (2 doses, 6 months apart)
, c. 15–17 months → DTaP, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis
d. 12–36 months → Varivax/Flu; Live, attenuated Flu nasal spray (2+ yrs.)
2. Nutrition – Avoid foods w/ potential choking hazards (nuts, grapes, hot dogs, peanut butter, popcorn, etc.)
3. Sleep and Rest – toddlers sleep 11–12 hrs. per day + one nap
4. Burns – 49ºC (120ºF) → this is honestly more for ATI testing than the exam–professor said
c. Preschoolers (3–6 yrs.)
i. Physical Development
1. Weight → 2–3 kg (4.5–6.5 lb) per year
2. Height → 6.4–9 cm (2.5–3.5 in) per year
ii. Cognitive Development
1. Piaget – Preoperational Phase (4–7 yrs.) → Magical Thinking
a. Magical Thinking : thoughts all powerful and cause events occur
b. Animism : make inanimate objects life-like
c. Centration : focus on one aspect instead of alternative
d. Time : understand sequence of events; time-oriented words
2. Language Development → sentences of 3–4 words at 3–4 yrs.; 4–5 words at 4–5 yrs.
3. Age–Appropriate Activities → puzzle piece, pretend play, tricycles, books, computer/electronic games
iii. Psychosocial Development
1. Erikson – Initiative vs. Guilt → Energetic vs. Misbehaving → setting limits encourage positive learning
2. Kohlberg – Moral Development – Moral judgement (2–4 yrs.); satisfy personal needs vs. concepts of justice/fair
3. Body–Image Changes → 5 yrs. compare themselves vs. their peers
4. Social Development → pretend play is good; allows determine reality vs. fantasy
iv. Health Promotion
1. Immunizations
a. 4–6 yrs. → DTaP; MMR; Varicella; IPV
b. 3–6 yrs. → Yearly flu vaccine; Inactivated flu vaccine; or live, attenuated Flu via nasal spray
d. School–Age Children (6–12 yrs.)
i. Physical Development
1. Weight → 2–3 kg (4.4–6.6 lb) per year
2. Height → 5 cm (2 in) per year
3. Prepubescence : 9 yrs. For girls of height + weight vs. boys minimal; teeth, immune system, bones ossify
ii. Cognitive Development
1. Piaget – Concrete Operations → Masters of concept; tell time; complex info; other’s perspective; solve problems
iii. Psychosocial Development
1. Erikson – Industry vs. Inferiority
a. Industry → Achieve skills and knowledge to provide meaningful contributions to society
b. Inferiority → Unable to complete task; children should be taught not everyone will master every skill
iv. Age-Appropriate Activities
1. Competitive + cooperative play is predominant; 6–9 yrs.
a. Simple board games, # games, hopscotch
b. Jump rope; Collect rocks, stamps, cards, coins, stuffed animals
c. Bicycles; build simple models; organized sports for skill building
2. Children of 9–12 yrs.
a. Make crafts + build models; collect and engage in hobbies
b. Jigsaw puzzles + board/card games; organized competitive sports
v. Immunizations/Health Screenings
1. 6 yrs. → DTaP; IPV; MMR; Varicella
2. 6–12 yrs. → Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) or live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) via nasal spray
3. 11–12 yrs. →Tdap; HPV vaccine; Meningococcal vaccine
4. Scoliosis : lateral curvature of spin before/during growth spurts; take place at schools or health facilities
vi. Nutrition
1. Eat adult portions of food; need quality nutritious snacks
2. Obesity is increasing concern → Low self-esteem, diabetes, heart disease + high BP
, a. Avoid using food as reward; physical activity; balanced diet; Model healthy behaviors
e. Adolescents (12–20 yrs.)
i. Physical Development – Uh, ya – I mean nothing is really mentioned much here.
ii. Cognitive Development
1. Piaget – Formal Operations
a. Think more than two variables; quality of their own thinking; longer attention spans
b. Imaginative and idealistic thinking; formal logic; actions influencing; abstract possibilities + hypotheticals
iii. Psychosocial Development
1. Erikson – Identify vs. Role Confusion
a. Adolescents try different roles; experience to develop sense of personal identity; unique to themselves
b. Group identity : become part of a peer group that greatly influences behavior
iv. Health Promotion
1. Immunizations/Health Screenings
a. 11–12 yrs. → Yearly seasonal Flu vaccine; Inactivated flu or live, attenuated Flu vaccine via nasal spray
b. 11–12 yrs. → meningococcal vaccine → 2nd dose at 16 yrs.
c. Scoliosis : lateral curve of spin during growth spurts
d. Annual height/weight for BMI calculations, BP checks
e. Screenings for STIs if sexually active
3. Examine health promotion and prevention of disease and injury for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent
clients.
4. Discuss health concerns related to unexpected findings for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent clients.
5. Apply the nursing process using clinical judgment functions while providing care to newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged,
and adolescent clients.
Student Objective Detailed Outline F25 – Overview of Pediatric Nursing + Caring for Clients Across the Lifespan
1. Discuss the specialty of pediatric nursing.
2. Examine the role of pediatric nurse.
3. Explore family and social issues affecting the pediatric population.
4. Examine current trends and issues in pediatric nursing.
5. Assess and discuss biological development for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent clients.
6. Assess and discuss behaviors related to newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent clients.
7. Examine health promotion and prevention of disease and injury for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent
clients.
8. Discuss health concerns related to unexpected findings for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent clients.
9. Apply the nursing process using clinical judgment functions while providing care to newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged,
and adolescent clients.
► A2 Specific Considerations in the Pediatric Population, Sensory Nervous System
PEDS Schedule Readings
1. ATI EP/PN Pediatric Nursing Review Online Module
2. ATI PN Ch. 9 Pain Management
3. ATI PN Ch. 10 Hospitalization, Illness, and Play
4. ATI PN Ch. 11 Death and Dying
5. ATI PN Maltreatment of Infants and Children pp. 307–308
6. ATI PN Cognitive and Sensory Impairments pp. 83–85
7. ATI PN Acute Otitis Media Ch. 36
Content Heading – Specific Considerations in the Pediatric Population
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Class Content (Blueprint)
1. Anatomy and physiology 1. Specific Considerations in the Pediatric Population: Pain,
2. Alterations in hearing child abuse, terminal illnesses
► A1 Overview of Pediatric Nursing + Caring for Clients Across the Lifespan
PEDS Schedule Readings
1. PN PNR Ch. 3 Health Promotion of Infants (2 Days to 1 Year)
2. PN PNR Ch. 4 Health Promotion of Toddlers (1–3 Years)
3. PN PNR Ch. 5 Health Promotion of Preschoolers (3–6 Years)
4. PN PNR Ch. 6 Health Promotion of School-Age Children (6-12 Years)
5. ATI EF Human Growth Development: Conception Through Adolescence
Content Heading – Overview of Pediatric Nursing + Caring for Clients Across the Lifespan
asdasdasdasd
Class Content (Blueprint)
1. Growth and Development – (Erikson, Piaget, milestones)
a. Infants
b. Toddlers
c. Preschoolers
d. School-aged children
e. Adolescents
2. Health Promotion
a. Infants
b. Toddlers
c. Preschoolers
d. School-aged children
e. Adolescents
asdas
Student Objective Blueprint F25 – Overview of Pediatric Nursing + Caring for Clients Across the Lifespan
1. 16% + 6-10Q
2. Assess and discuss biological, psychosocial and cognitive development for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and
adolescent clients.
a. Infants (birth/2 dys. – 1 yr.)
i. General Measurement of Full-Term Newborn
1. Head circumference → cephalic → 33–25 cm. (13–14 in.)
2. Crown to rump length → head to bum → 31–25 cm. (12.5–14 in.)
3. Length → head to heel length → 48–53 cm (19–21 in.)
4. Weight → 2,700–4,000 g (6–9 lb.)
a. Newborns lose 10% of birth weight by 3–4 days of age
b. Birth weight is regained 10th–14th day of life
ii. Physical Development
1. Fontanel → soft spots on the skull during development
a. Posterior fontanel → closes 2 months
b. Anterior fontanel → closes 12–18 months
2. Infant Size → tracked via weight, height, head circumference
a. Weight → 680 g (1.5 lb) per month for the first 5
i. 6 months – 7.26 kg (16 lb)
ii. Birth weight doubles at (5?) 6 months
iii. Birth weight triples at 12 months or 1 yr. → 9.75 kg (21.5 lb)
b. Head circumference → ~2 cm (0.75 in) per month during first 4
i. 1 cm (0.4 in) per month from 4–6 months
ii. ~0.5 cm (0.2 in) per month during second set of 6 months (7-12)
iii. Cognitive Development
1. Piaget – Sensorimotor Stage (Birth – 24 months)
a. Separation : infant separate themselves from environment
, b. Object Permanence : 9–10 months; infants learn object exists out of view when not seen
c. Mental representation : recognize and use symbols
2. Language Development – crying first form of communication
iv. Psychosocial Development
1. Erikson – Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth – 1 yr.)
a. Relationship established between infant and caregiver.
i. Trust → needs are met; comfort, feeding, stimulation
ii. Mistrust → inconsistent needs; inadequate stimulation
2. Motor Skill Development
a. 1–2 months → prone + lift head e. 9–10 months → crawl on hands & knees
b. 3–4 months → supine + object in hand + hold objects like rattle
c. 5–6 months → butt can roll f. 11–12 months → infant walk w/ hand held
d. 7–8 months → sit w/ arm & hand assist + Infant places objects in
container
3. Social Development
a. Attachment & bond from the start of birth
b. Separation anxiety begins around 4–8 months
c. Stranger fear → 6–8 months
d. Reactive attachment disorder; maladaptive/absent attachment
v. Age-Appropriate Activities
1. Interpersonal contact; education stimulation; solitary play:
a. Rattles, teething toys, colored toys & blocks
b. Soft stuffed toys, balls, mirrors, nesting toys
vi. Health Promotion
1. Immunizations (DTaP, Rotavirus Vaccine (RV), Inactivated Poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus Influenzae type B (Hib),
Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV), and Hepatitis B (Hep B)
a. Birth → Hepatitis B (Hep B)
b. 2 Months → DTaP + RV + IPV + Hib + PCV + Hep B
c. 4 Months → DTaP + RV + IPV + Hib + PCV
d. 6 Months → DTaP + IPV (6–18) + PCV + Hep B (6–18) + RV + Hib
2. Nutrition → Solids (Complementary foods); introduced around 6 months of age
b. Toddlers (1–3 yrs.)
i. Physical Development
1. Anterior fontanels close → 18 months
2. Weight → 30 months; toddlers weight 4x their birth weight → 1.8–2.7 kg (4–6 lb) per year
3. Height → Grow about 7.5 cm (3 in.) per year
4. Head circumference → Head + Chest are equal
ii. Cognitive Development
1. Piaget – Preoperational Stage → Playing House!
a. Demonstrate memories of events; playing house; cannot understand other viewpoints
b. Can symbolize objects and people to imitate activities
iii. Psychosocial Development
1. Erikson – Autonomy vs. Shame + Doubt
a. Toddlers attempt to be independent; use negative responses express independence
b. Ritual/routine allows them to have a sense of control/comfort
iv. Age Appropriate Activities
1. Solitary play; parallel play; appropriate activities:
a. Filling/emptying containers, water toys & clay
v. Health Promotion
1. Immunization
a. 12–15 months → IPV (3rd, 6–18 months), HiB; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; MMR; varicella
b. 12–23 months → Hep A (2 doses, 6 months apart)
, c. 15–17 months → DTaP, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis
d. 12–36 months → Varivax/Flu; Live, attenuated Flu nasal spray (2+ yrs.)
2. Nutrition – Avoid foods w/ potential choking hazards (nuts, grapes, hot dogs, peanut butter, popcorn, etc.)
3. Sleep and Rest – toddlers sleep 11–12 hrs. per day + one nap
4. Burns – 49ºC (120ºF) → this is honestly more for ATI testing than the exam–professor said
c. Preschoolers (3–6 yrs.)
i. Physical Development
1. Weight → 2–3 kg (4.5–6.5 lb) per year
2. Height → 6.4–9 cm (2.5–3.5 in) per year
ii. Cognitive Development
1. Piaget – Preoperational Phase (4–7 yrs.) → Magical Thinking
a. Magical Thinking : thoughts all powerful and cause events occur
b. Animism : make inanimate objects life-like
c. Centration : focus on one aspect instead of alternative
d. Time : understand sequence of events; time-oriented words
2. Language Development → sentences of 3–4 words at 3–4 yrs.; 4–5 words at 4–5 yrs.
3. Age–Appropriate Activities → puzzle piece, pretend play, tricycles, books, computer/electronic games
iii. Psychosocial Development
1. Erikson – Initiative vs. Guilt → Energetic vs. Misbehaving → setting limits encourage positive learning
2. Kohlberg – Moral Development – Moral judgement (2–4 yrs.); satisfy personal needs vs. concepts of justice/fair
3. Body–Image Changes → 5 yrs. compare themselves vs. their peers
4. Social Development → pretend play is good; allows determine reality vs. fantasy
iv. Health Promotion
1. Immunizations
a. 4–6 yrs. → DTaP; MMR; Varicella; IPV
b. 3–6 yrs. → Yearly flu vaccine; Inactivated flu vaccine; or live, attenuated Flu via nasal spray
d. School–Age Children (6–12 yrs.)
i. Physical Development
1. Weight → 2–3 kg (4.4–6.6 lb) per year
2. Height → 5 cm (2 in) per year
3. Prepubescence : 9 yrs. For girls of height + weight vs. boys minimal; teeth, immune system, bones ossify
ii. Cognitive Development
1. Piaget – Concrete Operations → Masters of concept; tell time; complex info; other’s perspective; solve problems
iii. Psychosocial Development
1. Erikson – Industry vs. Inferiority
a. Industry → Achieve skills and knowledge to provide meaningful contributions to society
b. Inferiority → Unable to complete task; children should be taught not everyone will master every skill
iv. Age-Appropriate Activities
1. Competitive + cooperative play is predominant; 6–9 yrs.
a. Simple board games, # games, hopscotch
b. Jump rope; Collect rocks, stamps, cards, coins, stuffed animals
c. Bicycles; build simple models; organized sports for skill building
2. Children of 9–12 yrs.
a. Make crafts + build models; collect and engage in hobbies
b. Jigsaw puzzles + board/card games; organized competitive sports
v. Immunizations/Health Screenings
1. 6 yrs. → DTaP; IPV; MMR; Varicella
2. 6–12 yrs. → Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) or live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) via nasal spray
3. 11–12 yrs. →Tdap; HPV vaccine; Meningococcal vaccine
4. Scoliosis : lateral curvature of spin before/during growth spurts; take place at schools or health facilities
vi. Nutrition
1. Eat adult portions of food; need quality nutritious snacks
2. Obesity is increasing concern → Low self-esteem, diabetes, heart disease + high BP
, a. Avoid using food as reward; physical activity; balanced diet; Model healthy behaviors
e. Adolescents (12–20 yrs.)
i. Physical Development – Uh, ya – I mean nothing is really mentioned much here.
ii. Cognitive Development
1. Piaget – Formal Operations
a. Think more than two variables; quality of their own thinking; longer attention spans
b. Imaginative and idealistic thinking; formal logic; actions influencing; abstract possibilities + hypotheticals
iii. Psychosocial Development
1. Erikson – Identify vs. Role Confusion
a. Adolescents try different roles; experience to develop sense of personal identity; unique to themselves
b. Group identity : become part of a peer group that greatly influences behavior
iv. Health Promotion
1. Immunizations/Health Screenings
a. 11–12 yrs. → Yearly seasonal Flu vaccine; Inactivated flu or live, attenuated Flu vaccine via nasal spray
b. 11–12 yrs. → meningococcal vaccine → 2nd dose at 16 yrs.
c. Scoliosis : lateral curve of spin during growth spurts
d. Annual height/weight for BMI calculations, BP checks
e. Screenings for STIs if sexually active
3. Examine health promotion and prevention of disease and injury for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent
clients.
4. Discuss health concerns related to unexpected findings for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent clients.
5. Apply the nursing process using clinical judgment functions while providing care to newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged,
and adolescent clients.
Student Objective Detailed Outline F25 – Overview of Pediatric Nursing + Caring for Clients Across the Lifespan
1. Discuss the specialty of pediatric nursing.
2. Examine the role of pediatric nurse.
3. Explore family and social issues affecting the pediatric population.
4. Examine current trends and issues in pediatric nursing.
5. Assess and discuss biological development for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent clients.
6. Assess and discuss behaviors related to newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent clients.
7. Examine health promotion and prevention of disease and injury for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent
clients.
8. Discuss health concerns related to unexpected findings for newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged, and adolescent clients.
9. Apply the nursing process using clinical judgment functions while providing care to newborn, infant, preschool, school-aged,
and adolescent clients.
► A2 Specific Considerations in the Pediatric Population, Sensory Nervous System
PEDS Schedule Readings
1. ATI EP/PN Pediatric Nursing Review Online Module
2. ATI PN Ch. 9 Pain Management
3. ATI PN Ch. 10 Hospitalization, Illness, and Play
4. ATI PN Ch. 11 Death and Dying
5. ATI PN Maltreatment of Infants and Children pp. 307–308
6. ATI PN Cognitive and Sensory Impairments pp. 83–85
7. ATI PN Acute Otitis Media Ch. 36
Content Heading – Specific Considerations in the Pediatric Population
asdasdasdasd
Class Content (Blueprint)
1. Anatomy and physiology 1. Specific Considerations in the Pediatric Population: Pain,
2. Alterations in hearing child abuse, terminal illnesses
