NUR 504 APEA Final Master Review 2026 | Board-Style
Questions & Most Tested Topics | Graded A+
1. The infrascapular region (Regio infrascapularis) is inferior to which bone?
acromion of scapula
humerus
sternum
clavicle
scapula
2. Describe the significance of pursed lip breathing in patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Pursed lip breathing helps to prolong exhalation and improve
ventilation in patients with COPD.
Pursed lip breathing is a technique used to increase inhalation
capacity in asthma patients.
Pursed lip breathing is unrelated to respiratory conditions.
Pursed lip breathing indicates a severe respiratory infection.
3. Orthopnea occurs in patients with what condition?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Asthma
Heart failure
Pneumonia
,4. The inferior tip of the scapula is a useful bony landmark that usually lies at the
level of what rib or intercostal space?
9th
5th
8th
10th
7th
5. What type of breath sounds are typically heard in a patient with left-sided
heart failure?
bronchial with late inspiratory crackles over the involved area and dull
on percussion.
vesicular without adventitious sounds and resonant on percussion.
vesicular with late inspiratory crackles in the dependent portions of
the lungs and resonant on percussion.
decreased with some audible wheezes and diffusely hyperresonant
on percussion.
6. During a respiratory assessment, if a patient presents with an abnormal costal
angle, what might this indicate?
Absence of respiratory symptoms.
Potential respiratory compromise or thoracic deformity.
Normal respiratory function.
Increased lung capacity.
7. During a respiratory assessment, if a clinician palpates the lower tip of the
scapula and identifies it at the eighth rib, what clinical significance might this
, have?
It may indicate proper alignment of the thoracic structures for
accurate lung auscultation.
It suggests the presence of a respiratory infection.
It shows that the diaphragm is functioning normally.
It indicates that the patient has a fractured rib.
8. Orthopnea could suggest that the patient has:
Anemia
PVD
Syncope
Heart failure
Mitral regurgitation
9. Describe the location and significance of the suprasternal notch in
respiratory assessment.
The suprasternal notch is located above the sternum and between
the clavicles, serving as an important landmark for respiratory
assessment.
The suprasternal notch is located at the lower part of the thorax and is
used to assess abdominal conditions.
The suprasternal notch is a bony prominence that indicates the
location of the heart.
The suprasternal notch is found at the base of the neck and is used to
measure lung capacity.
, 10. In a patient with suspected pneumothorax, if auscultation reveals diminished
breath sounds and crepitus is noted, what should be the immediate nursing
intervention?
Encourage deep breathing exercises and monitor vital signs.
Perform a thorough assessment of the patient's cardiac function.
Administer supplemental oxygen and prepare for chest tube
insertion.
Initiate a nebulizer treatment to open airways.
11. Orthopnea is most likely in which disease?
Pulmonary Embolism
Hypovolemia
CHF
Pericarditis
Pneumonia
12. Describe the significance of stridor in respiratory assessment and what it
suggests about airway obstruction.
Stridor indicates a complete blockage in the trachea.
Stridor indicates a partial obstruction in the larynx, suggesting that
there is a narrowing or blockage in the upper airway.
Stridor suggests that the alveoli are inflamed and not functioning
properly.
Stridor is a sign of normal airflow through the bronchioles.
13. Factors that aggravate costochondritis may include:
Questions & Most Tested Topics | Graded A+
1. The infrascapular region (Regio infrascapularis) is inferior to which bone?
acromion of scapula
humerus
sternum
clavicle
scapula
2. Describe the significance of pursed lip breathing in patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Pursed lip breathing helps to prolong exhalation and improve
ventilation in patients with COPD.
Pursed lip breathing is a technique used to increase inhalation
capacity in asthma patients.
Pursed lip breathing is unrelated to respiratory conditions.
Pursed lip breathing indicates a severe respiratory infection.
3. Orthopnea occurs in patients with what condition?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Asthma
Heart failure
Pneumonia
,4. The inferior tip of the scapula is a useful bony landmark that usually lies at the
level of what rib or intercostal space?
9th
5th
8th
10th
7th
5. What type of breath sounds are typically heard in a patient with left-sided
heart failure?
bronchial with late inspiratory crackles over the involved area and dull
on percussion.
vesicular without adventitious sounds and resonant on percussion.
vesicular with late inspiratory crackles in the dependent portions of
the lungs and resonant on percussion.
decreased with some audible wheezes and diffusely hyperresonant
on percussion.
6. During a respiratory assessment, if a patient presents with an abnormal costal
angle, what might this indicate?
Absence of respiratory symptoms.
Potential respiratory compromise or thoracic deformity.
Normal respiratory function.
Increased lung capacity.
7. During a respiratory assessment, if a clinician palpates the lower tip of the
scapula and identifies it at the eighth rib, what clinical significance might this
, have?
It may indicate proper alignment of the thoracic structures for
accurate lung auscultation.
It suggests the presence of a respiratory infection.
It shows that the diaphragm is functioning normally.
It indicates that the patient has a fractured rib.
8. Orthopnea could suggest that the patient has:
Anemia
PVD
Syncope
Heart failure
Mitral regurgitation
9. Describe the location and significance of the suprasternal notch in
respiratory assessment.
The suprasternal notch is located above the sternum and between
the clavicles, serving as an important landmark for respiratory
assessment.
The suprasternal notch is located at the lower part of the thorax and is
used to assess abdominal conditions.
The suprasternal notch is a bony prominence that indicates the
location of the heart.
The suprasternal notch is found at the base of the neck and is used to
measure lung capacity.
, 10. In a patient with suspected pneumothorax, if auscultation reveals diminished
breath sounds and crepitus is noted, what should be the immediate nursing
intervention?
Encourage deep breathing exercises and monitor vital signs.
Perform a thorough assessment of the patient's cardiac function.
Administer supplemental oxygen and prepare for chest tube
insertion.
Initiate a nebulizer treatment to open airways.
11. Orthopnea is most likely in which disease?
Pulmonary Embolism
Hypovolemia
CHF
Pericarditis
Pneumonia
12. Describe the significance of stridor in respiratory assessment and what it
suggests about airway obstruction.
Stridor indicates a complete blockage in the trachea.
Stridor indicates a partial obstruction in the larynx, suggesting that
there is a narrowing or blockage in the upper airway.
Stridor suggests that the alveoli are inflamed and not functioning
properly.
Stridor is a sign of normal airflow through the bronchioles.
13. Factors that aggravate costochondritis may include:
