PSYC 2301 Final Exam Comprehensive Review 2026 |
Questions & Correct Answers | Graded A+
1. What is the primary effect of punishment in behavioral psychology?
Decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring.
Reinforces the behavior.
Increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring.
Has no effect on behavior.
2. Describe the duration for which short-term memory can retain information.
Short-term memory can retain information for as long as 30
seconds.
Short-term memory can retain information for 10 seconds.
Short-term memory can retain information for 1-2 minutes.
Short-term memory can retain information indefinitely.
3. Which of the following is a characteristic of the germinal period of prenatal
development?:
it occurs between conception and 2 weeks
it lasts until the zygote becomes implanted in the uterine wall
rapid cell division takes place
all of the above
4. If a caregiver prioritizes feeding an infant over providing emotional support,
what potential impact might this have on the child's development according
to Harlow's Attachment Theory?
, The child will have better cognitive skills.
The child may develop attachment issues.
The child will have a strong bond with the caregiver.
The child will be more independent.
5. Describe how obsessions and compulsions interact in individuals with
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Obsessions and compulsions are unrelated.
Compulsions lead to more obsessions over time.
Compulsions are a form of obsession.
Obsessions create anxiety, which is alleviated by compulsions.
6. What does the behavioral approach in psychology primarily emphasize?
Emotional experiences
Observable behavioral responses
Unconscious motives
Cognitive processes
7. The behavioral approach to psychology concentrates on________behavior.
abnormal
optimal
easily explained
observable
8. If a dog has been conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell but stops
salivating after the bell is rung multiple times without food, what would
, happen if the bell is rung again after a week of no exposure?
The dog may salivate again due to spontaneous recovery.
The dog will bark instead of salivating.
The dog will never salivate again because the response is
extinguished.
The dog will only salivate if food is presented with the bell.
9. If a dog learns to salivate at the sound of a bell because it has been paired
with food, what psychological concept does this demonstrate?
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Cognitive learning
Classical conditioning
10. What is the typical range of items that short-term memory can hold?
10-15 items
7-10 items
3-5 items
5-9 items
11. In a classroom setting, if a teacher consistently gives a student extra
homework for disruptive behavior, what psychological principle is being
applied?
Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
, Punishment
Extinction
12. What is the duration of the Fetal Period in prenatal development?
From conception to 8 weeks
From 12 weeks to birth
From 9 weeks to birth
From 6 weeks to 9 weeks
13. Describe the relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the
unconditioned stimulus during extinction in classical conditioning.
The conditioned response becomes stronger as the unconditioned
stimulus is removed.
The unconditioned stimulus is replaced by a new conditioned
stimulus.
During extinction, the unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the
conditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned
response.
The conditioned stimulus becomes more effective as the
unconditioned stimulus is presented more frequently.
14. Describe how the humanistic approach views the nature of individuals in
psychology.
The humanistic approach views individuals as inherently good, with
a focus on self-actualization and personal growth.
The humanistic approach emphasizes the role of unconscious
processes in shaping behavior.
Questions & Correct Answers | Graded A+
1. What is the primary effect of punishment in behavioral psychology?
Decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring.
Reinforces the behavior.
Increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring.
Has no effect on behavior.
2. Describe the duration for which short-term memory can retain information.
Short-term memory can retain information for as long as 30
seconds.
Short-term memory can retain information for 10 seconds.
Short-term memory can retain information for 1-2 minutes.
Short-term memory can retain information indefinitely.
3. Which of the following is a characteristic of the germinal period of prenatal
development?:
it occurs between conception and 2 weeks
it lasts until the zygote becomes implanted in the uterine wall
rapid cell division takes place
all of the above
4. If a caregiver prioritizes feeding an infant over providing emotional support,
what potential impact might this have on the child's development according
to Harlow's Attachment Theory?
, The child will have better cognitive skills.
The child may develop attachment issues.
The child will have a strong bond with the caregiver.
The child will be more independent.
5. Describe how obsessions and compulsions interact in individuals with
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Obsessions and compulsions are unrelated.
Compulsions lead to more obsessions over time.
Compulsions are a form of obsession.
Obsessions create anxiety, which is alleviated by compulsions.
6. What does the behavioral approach in psychology primarily emphasize?
Emotional experiences
Observable behavioral responses
Unconscious motives
Cognitive processes
7. The behavioral approach to psychology concentrates on________behavior.
abnormal
optimal
easily explained
observable
8. If a dog has been conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell but stops
salivating after the bell is rung multiple times without food, what would
, happen if the bell is rung again after a week of no exposure?
The dog may salivate again due to spontaneous recovery.
The dog will bark instead of salivating.
The dog will never salivate again because the response is
extinguished.
The dog will only salivate if food is presented with the bell.
9. If a dog learns to salivate at the sound of a bell because it has been paired
with food, what psychological concept does this demonstrate?
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Cognitive learning
Classical conditioning
10. What is the typical range of items that short-term memory can hold?
10-15 items
7-10 items
3-5 items
5-9 items
11. In a classroom setting, if a teacher consistently gives a student extra
homework for disruptive behavior, what psychological principle is being
applied?
Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
, Punishment
Extinction
12. What is the duration of the Fetal Period in prenatal development?
From conception to 8 weeks
From 12 weeks to birth
From 9 weeks to birth
From 6 weeks to 9 weeks
13. Describe the relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the
unconditioned stimulus during extinction in classical conditioning.
The conditioned response becomes stronger as the unconditioned
stimulus is removed.
The unconditioned stimulus is replaced by a new conditioned
stimulus.
During extinction, the unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the
conditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned
response.
The conditioned stimulus becomes more effective as the
unconditioned stimulus is presented more frequently.
14. Describe how the humanistic approach views the nature of individuals in
psychology.
The humanistic approach views individuals as inherently good, with
a focus on self-actualization and personal growth.
The humanistic approach emphasizes the role of unconscious
processes in shaping behavior.
