ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Practice Test
2026 | Verified Answers | Exam Prep
1. Describe how antimetabolites exert their effects on cancer cells and what
common side effects may arise from their use.
Antimetabolites promote cell division and have no significant side
effects.
Antimetabolites block protein synthesis and primarily cause hair loss.
Antimetabolites enhance DNA repair mechanisms and lead to
increased appetite.
Antimetabolites interfere with DNA synthesis and can cause side
effects like nausea and myelosuppression.
2. What are the two types of cancer therapies that are known to commonly
cause cutaneous reactions?
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy
Radiation therapy and surgery
Hormonal therapy and targeted therapy
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy
3. What is the typical percentage of patients who experience chemotherapy-
induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) with minimal-risk emetogenic
chemotherapy?
50%
30%
70%
10%
,4. Which of the following best describes neoadjuvant therapy?
Is used to sensitize cancer cells to radiation
Prevents cancer in high-risk individuals
Administered before primary treatment to debulk primary for
optimal resection, address micrometastasis, or provide cosmesis
Given as a single agent chemotherapy to treat early stage disease
5. If a patient undergoing chemotherapy presents with a temperature of 101°F
and an absolute neutrophil count of 400 cells/mmr, what should be the
immediate clinical response?
Initiate broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
Schedule a follow-up appointment in one week.
Monitor the patient for 24 hours without intervention.
Administer antipyretics and wait for neutrophil recovery.
6. In a clinical trial, a new drug is shown to inhibit the phosphorylation of
specific proteins involved in cell cycle regulation. What potential impact
could this have on cancer treatment?
It could enhance the immune response against the tumor.
It would have no effect on cancer cells.
It could lead to increased energy production in cancer cells.
It may slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells by preventing
their division.
7. Which drug is commonly recognized as a selective ER downregulator
(SERD)?
, Tamoxifen
Anastrozole
Fulvestrant
Letrozole
8. Adjuvant chemotherapy is known as:
Therapy given after surgery to reduce the likelihood of cancer
recurrence
Therapy given before surgery to downstage the tumor, allowing the
surgery to be more successful (less invasive surgery can be
performed)
Synonymous with palliative therapy given to relieve symptoms and
reduce suffering caused by cancer
All are correct
9. What is a side effect that may require concurrent treatment when using
Aromatase Inhibitors (AI)?
Hair loss
Bone loss (osteoporosis)
Weight gain
Dry skin
10. Which adverse effect is usually the reason patients can't tolerate aromatase
inhibitors?
osteoporosis
arthralgia/myalgia
, menopause symptoms
11. Ipilimumab, nivolumab, & pembrolizumab (any of the "-mabs") are examples
of __.
alkylating agents
plant alkaloids
antimetabolites
kinase inhibitors
immune stimulators
12. Describe the purpose of neoadjuvant therapy in the context of cancer
treatment.
The purpose of neoadjuvant therapy is to enhance the effectiveness
of radiation therapy after surgery.
The purpose of neoadjuvant therapy is to eliminate cancer cells in the
bloodstream.
The purpose of neoadjuvant therapy is to provide pain relief during
cancer treatment.
The purpose of neoadjuvant therapy is to reduce the size of a
tumor before the main treatment, which can improve surgical
outcomes.
13. If a patient experiences extravasation of a vesicant agent during
chemotherapy, what immediate action should the healthcare provider take?
Administer an antihistamine immediately
Apply heat to the affected area
Continue the infusion to minimize discomfort
2026 | Verified Answers | Exam Prep
1. Describe how antimetabolites exert their effects on cancer cells and what
common side effects may arise from their use.
Antimetabolites promote cell division and have no significant side
effects.
Antimetabolites block protein synthesis and primarily cause hair loss.
Antimetabolites enhance DNA repair mechanisms and lead to
increased appetite.
Antimetabolites interfere with DNA synthesis and can cause side
effects like nausea and myelosuppression.
2. What are the two types of cancer therapies that are known to commonly
cause cutaneous reactions?
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy
Radiation therapy and surgery
Hormonal therapy and targeted therapy
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy
3. What is the typical percentage of patients who experience chemotherapy-
induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) with minimal-risk emetogenic
chemotherapy?
50%
30%
70%
10%
,4. Which of the following best describes neoadjuvant therapy?
Is used to sensitize cancer cells to radiation
Prevents cancer in high-risk individuals
Administered before primary treatment to debulk primary for
optimal resection, address micrometastasis, or provide cosmesis
Given as a single agent chemotherapy to treat early stage disease
5. If a patient undergoing chemotherapy presents with a temperature of 101°F
and an absolute neutrophil count of 400 cells/mmr, what should be the
immediate clinical response?
Initiate broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
Schedule a follow-up appointment in one week.
Monitor the patient for 24 hours without intervention.
Administer antipyretics and wait for neutrophil recovery.
6. In a clinical trial, a new drug is shown to inhibit the phosphorylation of
specific proteins involved in cell cycle regulation. What potential impact
could this have on cancer treatment?
It could enhance the immune response against the tumor.
It would have no effect on cancer cells.
It could lead to increased energy production in cancer cells.
It may slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells by preventing
their division.
7. Which drug is commonly recognized as a selective ER downregulator
(SERD)?
, Tamoxifen
Anastrozole
Fulvestrant
Letrozole
8. Adjuvant chemotherapy is known as:
Therapy given after surgery to reduce the likelihood of cancer
recurrence
Therapy given before surgery to downstage the tumor, allowing the
surgery to be more successful (less invasive surgery can be
performed)
Synonymous with palliative therapy given to relieve symptoms and
reduce suffering caused by cancer
All are correct
9. What is a side effect that may require concurrent treatment when using
Aromatase Inhibitors (AI)?
Hair loss
Bone loss (osteoporosis)
Weight gain
Dry skin
10. Which adverse effect is usually the reason patients can't tolerate aromatase
inhibitors?
osteoporosis
arthralgia/myalgia
, menopause symptoms
11. Ipilimumab, nivolumab, & pembrolizumab (any of the "-mabs") are examples
of __.
alkylating agents
plant alkaloids
antimetabolites
kinase inhibitors
immune stimulators
12. Describe the purpose of neoadjuvant therapy in the context of cancer
treatment.
The purpose of neoadjuvant therapy is to enhance the effectiveness
of radiation therapy after surgery.
The purpose of neoadjuvant therapy is to eliminate cancer cells in the
bloodstream.
The purpose of neoadjuvant therapy is to provide pain relief during
cancer treatment.
The purpose of neoadjuvant therapy is to reduce the size of a
tumor before the main treatment, which can improve surgical
outcomes.
13. If a patient experiences extravasation of a vesicant agent during
chemotherapy, what immediate action should the healthcare provider take?
Administer an antihistamine immediately
Apply heat to the affected area
Continue the infusion to minimize discomfort
