NURS 251 Portage Pathophysiology Final Exam Modules
1–10 Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep | High-Yield
Review Guide
1. If a new drug targets angiogenesis in cancer treatment, what would be the
expected outcome on tumor growth?
Increase in tumor growth due to enhanced nutrient delivery.
Reduction in tumor growth due to decreased blood supply.
No effect on tumor growth as angiogenesis is unrelated to cancer.
Increase in tumor growth due to enhanced cell proliferation.
2. Describe how tumor suppressor genes contribute to cancer prevention.
Tumor suppressor genes are involved in the immune response against
cancer cells.
Tumor suppressor genes only function in DNA repair mechanisms.
Tumor suppressor genes help regulate cell growth and division,
preventing uncontrolled proliferation that can lead to cancer.
Tumor suppressor genes promote rapid cell division, leading to tumor
formation.
3. Primary hemostasis is
fibrinogen and coag factors
vasoconstriction and platelet plug formation
fibrin clot formation
fibrinogen and vasoconstriction
,4. What is the term used to describe the severe weight loss and wasting of fat
and tissue associated with cancer?
Dystrophy
Cachexia
Malnutrition
Anorexia
5. Describe how the concept of morbidities relates to the overall understanding
of pathophysiology.
Morbidities are only concerned with the physical symptoms of a
disease.
Morbidities only apply to chronic diseases.
Morbidities refer to the effects of illness on quality of life and daily
functioning, highlighting the importance of understanding disease
impact in pathophysiology.
Morbidities are unrelated to the psychological effects of illness.
6. If a pregnant woman experiences inadequate uterine enlargement, which
cellular process might be impaired?
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Hyperplasia
7. Describe the condition known as cachexia and its significance in cancer
patients.
, Cachexia is a condition that only affects elderly individuals.
Cachexia is a type of cancer that affects the lungs.
Cachexia refers to the increased appetite seen in cancer patients.
Cachexia is a syndrome characterized by severe weight loss and
muscle wasting, which significantly impacts the health and treatment
outcomes of cancer patients.
8. If a patient with hemophilia A experiences spontaneous joint bleeding, what
immediate action should be taken to manage the situation?
Increase physical activity to strengthen joints
Apply heat to the affected joint
Administer factor replacement therapy
Encourage the patient to rest without treatment
9. What type of immune response is primarily responsible for the symptoms
following a bee sting?
Autoimmune response
Humoral immunity
Cell-mediated immunity
Allergic reaction
10. What is the essential role of Biopsy in cancer diagnosis?
Counting thousands of cells per second
Definitively diagnosing cancer by obtaining tissue sample
Illuminating various body cavities
Diagnosing and classifying blood cell cancer
, Identifying cellular and DNA characteristics of the tissue
11. Which of the following is NOT a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Atopic dermatitis
Autoimmune diseases
Blood transfusion reactions
12. Which medications are commonly used as anticoagulants to reduce clotting
risk?
aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen
clopidogrel, atorvastatin, metoprolol
heparin, warfarin, lovenox
furosemide, lisinopril, amlodipine
13. The effect of an illness on one's life
Prevalence
Mortality
Incidence
Morbidity
14. A 43-year-old woman presents with severe urticaria, facial flushing, and
tongue swelling after a bee sting. Her sister had a similar reaction to contrast
dye. Which of the following describes how a bee sting causes anaphylaxis?
By causing a direct activation of mediator release from mast cells,
basophils, or both.
By causing an IgE-mediated event against protein-hapten conjugates.
1–10 Latest Update 2026 | Exam Prep | High-Yield
Review Guide
1. If a new drug targets angiogenesis in cancer treatment, what would be the
expected outcome on tumor growth?
Increase in tumor growth due to enhanced nutrient delivery.
Reduction in tumor growth due to decreased blood supply.
No effect on tumor growth as angiogenesis is unrelated to cancer.
Increase in tumor growth due to enhanced cell proliferation.
2. Describe how tumor suppressor genes contribute to cancer prevention.
Tumor suppressor genes are involved in the immune response against
cancer cells.
Tumor suppressor genes only function in DNA repair mechanisms.
Tumor suppressor genes help regulate cell growth and division,
preventing uncontrolled proliferation that can lead to cancer.
Tumor suppressor genes promote rapid cell division, leading to tumor
formation.
3. Primary hemostasis is
fibrinogen and coag factors
vasoconstriction and platelet plug formation
fibrin clot formation
fibrinogen and vasoconstriction
,4. What is the term used to describe the severe weight loss and wasting of fat
and tissue associated with cancer?
Dystrophy
Cachexia
Malnutrition
Anorexia
5. Describe how the concept of morbidities relates to the overall understanding
of pathophysiology.
Morbidities are only concerned with the physical symptoms of a
disease.
Morbidities only apply to chronic diseases.
Morbidities refer to the effects of illness on quality of life and daily
functioning, highlighting the importance of understanding disease
impact in pathophysiology.
Morbidities are unrelated to the psychological effects of illness.
6. If a pregnant woman experiences inadequate uterine enlargement, which
cellular process might be impaired?
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Hyperplasia
7. Describe the condition known as cachexia and its significance in cancer
patients.
, Cachexia is a condition that only affects elderly individuals.
Cachexia is a type of cancer that affects the lungs.
Cachexia refers to the increased appetite seen in cancer patients.
Cachexia is a syndrome characterized by severe weight loss and
muscle wasting, which significantly impacts the health and treatment
outcomes of cancer patients.
8. If a patient with hemophilia A experiences spontaneous joint bleeding, what
immediate action should be taken to manage the situation?
Increase physical activity to strengthen joints
Apply heat to the affected joint
Administer factor replacement therapy
Encourage the patient to rest without treatment
9. What type of immune response is primarily responsible for the symptoms
following a bee sting?
Autoimmune response
Humoral immunity
Cell-mediated immunity
Allergic reaction
10. What is the essential role of Biopsy in cancer diagnosis?
Counting thousands of cells per second
Definitively diagnosing cancer by obtaining tissue sample
Illuminating various body cavities
Diagnosing and classifying blood cell cancer
, Identifying cellular and DNA characteristics of the tissue
11. Which of the following is NOT a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Atopic dermatitis
Autoimmune diseases
Blood transfusion reactions
12. Which medications are commonly used as anticoagulants to reduce clotting
risk?
aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen
clopidogrel, atorvastatin, metoprolol
heparin, warfarin, lovenox
furosemide, lisinopril, amlodipine
13. The effect of an illness on one's life
Prevalence
Mortality
Incidence
Morbidity
14. A 43-year-old woman presents with severe urticaria, facial flushing, and
tongue swelling after a bee sting. Her sister had a similar reaction to contrast
dye. Which of the following describes how a bee sting causes anaphylaxis?
By causing a direct activation of mediator release from mast cells,
basophils, or both.
By causing an IgE-mediated event against protein-hapten conjugates.
