NUR 211 EXAM 2
1. Layers of the heart(ANSWER) epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, pericardium
^%$#@df
2. Epicardium(ANSWER) the inner, serous membrane on the surface of the myocardium, the visceral layer of serious
Pericardial membranes
3. Myocardium(ANSWER) The thick middle layer of the heart; the middle layer of the walls of the heart composed of cardiac muscle
4. Endocardium(ANSWER) endothelial membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and is continuous with intima lining of arteries and veins.
The single layer of cells on top of nerves, purkinje cells and veins
5. Pericardium(ANSWER) membranous fibrous sac enclosing the heart and the bases of the great vessels
6. Where is the carotid pulse(ANSWER) between the trachea and sternocleidomastoid muscle
7. Where is the brachial pulse(ANSWER) palpated at the antecubital fossa, medial side of the arm
8. What is the normal time for capillary refill?(ANSWER) Less than 3 seconds
9. How do you test capillary refill?(ANSWER) press down on the nail bed until the nail blanches (turns white),
Release the nail and note the time for color to return
10. What position should a patient be in for a cardiac assessment?(ANSWER) Supine with HOB at 30 degrees
11. What are abnormal cardiovascular assessment findings(ANSWER) murmur and shortness of breath/dyspnea
12. What is a murmur(ANSWER) swishing or unusually prolonged sounds indicative of turbulent blood flow, can occur in systolic or
diastolic
13. Shortness of breath(ANSWER) uncomfortable awareness of breathing
14. First heart sound (lub)(ANSWER) S1
15. Second heart sound (dub)(ANSWER) S2
16. Systolic murmurs are heard(ANSWER) S1 and S2
17. Diastolic murmurs are heard(ANSWER) S3 and S4
18. Coronary artery disease(ANSWER) atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the
Heart muscle
19. Atherosclerosis(ANSWER) the most common form of arteriosclerosis, marked by cholesterol-lipid-calcium deposits in the walls of the
arteries
20. Risk factors for CAD(ANSWER) Uncontrolled hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking
21. Prevention of CAD(ANSWER) heart healthy diet, smoking cessation, exercise, moderation of alcohol
, NUR 211 EXAM 2
22. Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) signs and symptoms(ANSWER) dyspnea, chest pain that may radiate down left arm,
uncomfortable pressure/squeezing/fullness/pain ^%$#@df
23. Peripheral artery disease (PAD)(ANSWER) narrowing/occlusion by atherosclerotic plaques of arteries outside of the heart and brain
24. Cause of PAD(ANSWER) build up of fatty deposits and atherosclerotic vascular changes to endothelial lining of blood vessels
25. Cultural considerations with PAD(ANSWER) diabetes and high blood pressure are more common among African Americans,
creating a higher risk for PAD
26. Hypertension(ANSWER) BP greater than or equal to 140/90
27. Peripheral vascular disease(ANSWER) any condition that causes partial or complete obstruction of the flow of
Blood to or from the arteries or veins outside the chest
28. Signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular disease(ANSWER) pain, pallor, coolness to touch, asymmetry
29. Risk factors for peripheral vascular disease(ANSWER) family history of PAD/heart disease/stroke, age, smoking, diabetes,
obesity, hypertension and high cholesterol
30. Health promotion for peripheral vascular disease(ANSWER) inspect feet daily for signs and symp- toms of
wounds/ulcers
31. Varicose veins(ANSWER) swollen/bulging veins, exercise should be stopped if there is any pain or discomfort
32. Cardiac testing procedures(ANSWER) holter monitor, echocardiogram, exercise stress test, electrocardiogram
33. Holter monitor(ANSWER) 24 hour test recording cardiac electrical activity
34. Echocardiogram(ANSWER) noninvasive ultrasound using high-frequency sound waves of various intensities to help
Diagnose cardiovascular disorders
35. What cardiac abnormality are echocardiograms used to establish(ANSWER) cause of a heart murmur
36. Exercise stress test(ANSWER) monitors heart function and rhythm while the patient walks/runs on a treadmill under physical stress
37. Exercise stress test tests for(ANSWER) heart rate, heart rhythms, breathing, BP, EKG, exercise fatigue. May help identify cause of chest
pain/SOB
38. Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)(ANSWER) provides vital information about the heart's electrical conduction system; records the
electrical activity of the heart; helps diagnose abnormal heartbeats, heart rhythm, and tissue ischemia
39. Heart healthy diet(ANSWER) fruits, veggies, whole grains, low cholesterol, low trans fat, low sodium
1. Layers of the heart(ANSWER) epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, pericardium
^%$#@df
2. Epicardium(ANSWER) the inner, serous membrane on the surface of the myocardium, the visceral layer of serious
Pericardial membranes
3. Myocardium(ANSWER) The thick middle layer of the heart; the middle layer of the walls of the heart composed of cardiac muscle
4. Endocardium(ANSWER) endothelial membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and is continuous with intima lining of arteries and veins.
The single layer of cells on top of nerves, purkinje cells and veins
5. Pericardium(ANSWER) membranous fibrous sac enclosing the heart and the bases of the great vessels
6. Where is the carotid pulse(ANSWER) between the trachea and sternocleidomastoid muscle
7. Where is the brachial pulse(ANSWER) palpated at the antecubital fossa, medial side of the arm
8. What is the normal time for capillary refill?(ANSWER) Less than 3 seconds
9. How do you test capillary refill?(ANSWER) press down on the nail bed until the nail blanches (turns white),
Release the nail and note the time for color to return
10. What position should a patient be in for a cardiac assessment?(ANSWER) Supine with HOB at 30 degrees
11. What are abnormal cardiovascular assessment findings(ANSWER) murmur and shortness of breath/dyspnea
12. What is a murmur(ANSWER) swishing or unusually prolonged sounds indicative of turbulent blood flow, can occur in systolic or
diastolic
13. Shortness of breath(ANSWER) uncomfortable awareness of breathing
14. First heart sound (lub)(ANSWER) S1
15. Second heart sound (dub)(ANSWER) S2
16. Systolic murmurs are heard(ANSWER) S1 and S2
17. Diastolic murmurs are heard(ANSWER) S3 and S4
18. Coronary artery disease(ANSWER) atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the
Heart muscle
19. Atherosclerosis(ANSWER) the most common form of arteriosclerosis, marked by cholesterol-lipid-calcium deposits in the walls of the
arteries
20. Risk factors for CAD(ANSWER) Uncontrolled hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking
21. Prevention of CAD(ANSWER) heart healthy diet, smoking cessation, exercise, moderation of alcohol
, NUR 211 EXAM 2
22. Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) signs and symptoms(ANSWER) dyspnea, chest pain that may radiate down left arm,
uncomfortable pressure/squeezing/fullness/pain ^%$#@df
23. Peripheral artery disease (PAD)(ANSWER) narrowing/occlusion by atherosclerotic plaques of arteries outside of the heart and brain
24. Cause of PAD(ANSWER) build up of fatty deposits and atherosclerotic vascular changes to endothelial lining of blood vessels
25. Cultural considerations with PAD(ANSWER) diabetes and high blood pressure are more common among African Americans,
creating a higher risk for PAD
26. Hypertension(ANSWER) BP greater than or equal to 140/90
27. Peripheral vascular disease(ANSWER) any condition that causes partial or complete obstruction of the flow of
Blood to or from the arteries or veins outside the chest
28. Signs and symptoms of peripheral vascular disease(ANSWER) pain, pallor, coolness to touch, asymmetry
29. Risk factors for peripheral vascular disease(ANSWER) family history of PAD/heart disease/stroke, age, smoking, diabetes,
obesity, hypertension and high cholesterol
30. Health promotion for peripheral vascular disease(ANSWER) inspect feet daily for signs and symp- toms of
wounds/ulcers
31. Varicose veins(ANSWER) swollen/bulging veins, exercise should be stopped if there is any pain or discomfort
32. Cardiac testing procedures(ANSWER) holter monitor, echocardiogram, exercise stress test, electrocardiogram
33. Holter monitor(ANSWER) 24 hour test recording cardiac electrical activity
34. Echocardiogram(ANSWER) noninvasive ultrasound using high-frequency sound waves of various intensities to help
Diagnose cardiovascular disorders
35. What cardiac abnormality are echocardiograms used to establish(ANSWER) cause of a heart murmur
36. Exercise stress test(ANSWER) monitors heart function and rhythm while the patient walks/runs on a treadmill under physical stress
37. Exercise stress test tests for(ANSWER) heart rate, heart rhythms, breathing, BP, EKG, exercise fatigue. May help identify cause of chest
pain/SOB
38. Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)(ANSWER) provides vital information about the heart's electrical conduction system; records the
electrical activity of the heart; helps diagnose abnormal heartbeats, heart rhythm, and tissue ischemia
39. Heart healthy diet(ANSWER) fruits, veggies, whole grains, low cholesterol, low trans fat, low sodium
