ONS CHEMOTHERAPY
IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2026
Define neoadjuvant therapy - ANS Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - ANS Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment
to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - ANS 1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as
they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Common alkylating agents: - ANS Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - ANS Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - ANS Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can
be effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - ANS Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - ANS Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - ANS 1. Alkylating agents
2. Nitrosoureas
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - ANS BUN
Creatinine
CBC w/ diff
What is the medication Mesna used for? - ANS Bladder protectant with administration of
cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide
Instruct pts receiving ________ to avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3-4
days following treatment - ANS Oxaliplatin
How do antimetabolites function? - ANS By blocking DNA and RNA growth by interfering with
enzymes needed for normal cell metabolism
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Antimetabolites work in the ___ phase. - ANS S
Common side effects of antimetabolites: - ANS Myelosuppression
GI toxicities
Photosensitivity
Hand-foot syndrome
Common antimetabolite drugs: - ANS Azacitidine
Capecitabine
5-FU
Cytarabine
Decitabine
Methotrexate
The institute for Safe Medication Practices recommends what route of administration for
vincristine? - ANS IV piggyback via gravity
Anthracycline antitumor abx work by: - ANS Interfering with enzymes necessary for DNA to
replicate in ALL phases of the cell cycle
The two major classifications of antitumor antibiotics are: - ANS Anthracyclines
Non-anthracyclines
Common anthracycline antitumor abx: - ANS Daunorubicin
Doxorubicin
Epirubicin
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2026
Define neoadjuvant therapy - ANS Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - ANS Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment
to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - ANS 1. Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as
they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Common alkylating agents: - ANS Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - ANS Cisplatin (Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - ANS Able to cross the blood-brain barrier; can
be effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - ANS Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - ANS Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - ANS 1. Alkylating agents
2. Nitrosoureas
Pre-administration labs for alkylating agents and nitrosoureas: - ANS BUN
Creatinine
CBC w/ diff
What is the medication Mesna used for? - ANS Bladder protectant with administration of
cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide
Instruct pts receiving ________ to avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3-4
days following treatment - ANS Oxaliplatin
How do antimetabolites function? - ANS By blocking DNA and RNA growth by interfering with
enzymes needed for normal cell metabolism
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Antimetabolites work in the ___ phase. - ANS S
Common side effects of antimetabolites: - ANS Myelosuppression
GI toxicities
Photosensitivity
Hand-foot syndrome
Common antimetabolite drugs: - ANS Azacitidine
Capecitabine
5-FU
Cytarabine
Decitabine
Methotrexate
The institute for Safe Medication Practices recommends what route of administration for
vincristine? - ANS IV piggyback via gravity
Anthracycline antitumor abx work by: - ANS Interfering with enzymes necessary for DNA to
replicate in ALL phases of the cell cycle
The two major classifications of antitumor antibiotics are: - ANS Anthracyclines
Non-anthracyclines
Common anthracycline antitumor abx: - ANS Daunorubicin
Doxorubicin
Epirubicin
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
