Med Surg III- Quiz 2 study guide Questions and
Verified Answers
Ineffective Endocarditis Correct Answer: -Microbial infection of the endothelial surface of the heart.
-Usually develops in people with prosthetic heart valves or structural cardiac defects such as valve
disorders, HCM, etc.
- Staphylococcal Endocarditis is an infection of valves on right side of heart among IV injection drug
users.
-Hospital-acquired ineffective endocarditis occurs most often in patient's w/ indwelling catheters,
hemodialysis, or prolonged IV fluid or antibiotic therapy.
-Fungal endocarditis usually affects patients taking immunosuppression drugs or corticosteroids.
-Bacterial Endocarditis is triggered by an invasive procedure causing Bacteremia.
Pericarditis Correct Answer: -Inflammation of the pericardium (membranous sac enveloping the heart).
-Can occur after a pericardectomy or 10 days to 2 months after an MI (Dressler syndrome)
-Layers of the Pericardium can become attached to one another and restrict ventricular filling or can be
an accumulation in the sac of serous (serum), purulent (pus), calcific (calcium deposits), fibrinous
(clotting proteins) or saginous (blood) .
Rheumatic heart disease Correct Answer: -May develop after a group A beta hemolytic streptococcal
pharyngitis.
-S/S can be heart murmur, cardiomegaly, pericarditis & heart failure
Balloon Valvuloplasty Correct Answer: -This is the repair of valve, not a replacement.
-Usually performed in a cardiac catheterization lab.
-Mitral balloon Valvuloplasty is done by advancing 1 or 2 catheters into the right atrium, through the
atrial septum, & into the left atrium, then across the mitral valve into the left ventricle, and out of the
aorta. Balloons are inflated for 10 to 30 seconds.
, -Good for mitral valve stenosis in younger patients and aortic valve stenosis in elderly patients.
-Can cause aortic regurgitation, bleeding at catheter site, emboli, ventricular perforation, dysrhythmias,
& mitral valve damage.
Valve replacement patient teaching Correct Answer: - Anticoagulant therapy
-Frequent follow up appointments
-INR values monitored (between 2.0- 3.5)
-S/S of Endocarditis
-Antibiotic prophylaxis before some dental procedures
-Antibiotic therapy before invasive procedures involving resp. tract.
Valve replacement Correct Answer: -Used when Valvuloplasty is not an option due to calcifications,
severe fibrosis or fusion of the chordate. tendineae, papillary muscles, and leaflets below the valve.
-Less bleeding, pain, risk of infection & scarring.
-Mechanical valves, tissue valves (Xenografts, Homografts, & Autografts)
-Xenografts used for Tricuspid replacement
-Homografts (allografts) Human valves
-Autografts are patients own pulmonic valve.
Pulmonary edema Correct Answer: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the
alveoli and lungs
-It is a result of LEFT sided ventricle failure.
-S/S: restless & anxious, SOB, Hands become cold & moist, cyanotic nail beds, and skin turns gray, pulse
ism weak & rapid, neck veins distended, coughing and frothy sputum .
Preload Correct Answer: The amount of myocardial stretch just before systole (squeeze) caused by the
volume of blood presented to the ventricle.
Verified Answers
Ineffective Endocarditis Correct Answer: -Microbial infection of the endothelial surface of the heart.
-Usually develops in people with prosthetic heart valves or structural cardiac defects such as valve
disorders, HCM, etc.
- Staphylococcal Endocarditis is an infection of valves on right side of heart among IV injection drug
users.
-Hospital-acquired ineffective endocarditis occurs most often in patient's w/ indwelling catheters,
hemodialysis, or prolonged IV fluid or antibiotic therapy.
-Fungal endocarditis usually affects patients taking immunosuppression drugs or corticosteroids.
-Bacterial Endocarditis is triggered by an invasive procedure causing Bacteremia.
Pericarditis Correct Answer: -Inflammation of the pericardium (membranous sac enveloping the heart).
-Can occur after a pericardectomy or 10 days to 2 months after an MI (Dressler syndrome)
-Layers of the Pericardium can become attached to one another and restrict ventricular filling or can be
an accumulation in the sac of serous (serum), purulent (pus), calcific (calcium deposits), fibrinous
(clotting proteins) or saginous (blood) .
Rheumatic heart disease Correct Answer: -May develop after a group A beta hemolytic streptococcal
pharyngitis.
-S/S can be heart murmur, cardiomegaly, pericarditis & heart failure
Balloon Valvuloplasty Correct Answer: -This is the repair of valve, not a replacement.
-Usually performed in a cardiac catheterization lab.
-Mitral balloon Valvuloplasty is done by advancing 1 or 2 catheters into the right atrium, through the
atrial septum, & into the left atrium, then across the mitral valve into the left ventricle, and out of the
aorta. Balloons are inflated for 10 to 30 seconds.
, -Good for mitral valve stenosis in younger patients and aortic valve stenosis in elderly patients.
-Can cause aortic regurgitation, bleeding at catheter site, emboli, ventricular perforation, dysrhythmias,
& mitral valve damage.
Valve replacement patient teaching Correct Answer: - Anticoagulant therapy
-Frequent follow up appointments
-INR values monitored (between 2.0- 3.5)
-S/S of Endocarditis
-Antibiotic prophylaxis before some dental procedures
-Antibiotic therapy before invasive procedures involving resp. tract.
Valve replacement Correct Answer: -Used when Valvuloplasty is not an option due to calcifications,
severe fibrosis or fusion of the chordate. tendineae, papillary muscles, and leaflets below the valve.
-Less bleeding, pain, risk of infection & scarring.
-Mechanical valves, tissue valves (Xenografts, Homografts, & Autografts)
-Xenografts used for Tricuspid replacement
-Homografts (allografts) Human valves
-Autografts are patients own pulmonic valve.
Pulmonary edema Correct Answer: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the
alveoli and lungs
-It is a result of LEFT sided ventricle failure.
-S/S: restless & anxious, SOB, Hands become cold & moist, cyanotic nail beds, and skin turns gray, pulse
ism weak & rapid, neck veins distended, coughing and frothy sputum .
Preload Correct Answer: The amount of myocardial stretch just before systole (squeeze) caused by the
volume of blood presented to the ventricle.
