Peds final exam, lets go!!, NUR-353 Final, ATI RN Nursing Care of Children, PEDS final, Pediatrics Exam 1-Growth, Pediatric Cardiac Disorders & Procedures, Pediatric emergencies, Pediatrics Exam #1 practice questions And Answers With Rationales

Peds final exam, lets go!!, NUR-353 Final, ATI RN Nursing Care of Children, PEDS final, Pediatrics Exam 1-Growth, Pediatric Cardiac Disorders & Procedures, Pediatric emergencies, Pediatrics Exam #1 practice questions And Answers With Rationales /. Which clinical manifestation is MOST characteristic of Fifth's disease (Erythema Infectiosum)? A. A vesicular rash starting on the trunk B. Bright red cheeks with a lacy rash on the body C. Honey-colored crusted lesions around the nose D. A maculopapular rash starting at the hairline - Answer-Answer: B. Bright red cheeks with a lacy rash on the body Rationale: Fifth's disease presents with a "slapped cheek" appearance followed by a lacy, reticular rash on the body. It is caused by Parvovirus B19. /.What is the primary nursing intervention for a child with thrombocytopenia secondary to chemotherapy? A. Encourage frequent ambulation B. Apply heat to painful joints C. Avoid IM injections and monitor for bleeding D. Increase dietary iron intake - Answer-Answer: C. Avoid IM injections and monitor for bleeding Rationale: Thrombocytopenia increases bleeding risk. Avoiding trauma and minimizing invasive procedures like intramuscular injections helps prevent hemorrhage. /.Which pain scale is most appropriate for a non-verbal 6-month-old infant? A. Numeric Visual Analogue Scale B. Wong-Baker FACES C. FLACC scale D. Numeric Rating Scale (0-10) - Answer-Answer: C. FLACC scale Rationale: The FLACC scale assesses pain in infants and non-verbal children by observing facial expression, leg movement, activity, cry, and consolability. /.What electrolyte imbalance is most likely in a child with prolonged vomiting? A. Hypernatremia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hypokalemia D. Hypocalcemia - Answer-Answer: C. Hypokalemia Rationale: Vomiting leads to potassium loss through gastric fluids, resulting in hypokalemia. Monitoring and replacing electrolytes is crucial in these patients. /.Which is an appropriate intervention for a preschool-aged child during hospitalization? A. Provide structured learning activities B. Encourage parallel play with others C. Offer solitary play options D. Engage in formal teaching sessions - Answer-Answer: B. Encourage parallel play with others Rationale: Preschoolers engage in parallel play—playing alongside other children without direct interaction. This supports development and reduces anxiety during hospitalization. /.Which laboratory finding is most consistent with a diagnosis of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)? A. Elevated potassium, decreased BUN B. Elevated ASO titer, hematuria, proteinuria C. Positive nitrites, elevated WBC D. Low hematocrit, high reticulocyte count - Answer-Answer: B. Elevated ASO titer, hematuria, proteinuria Rationale: APSGN typically occurs after a streptococcal infection and presents with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and a positive ASO titer indicating recent strep exposure. /.What is the most important pre-operative nursing implication for a child diagnosed with Wilms' Tumor (nephroblastoma)? A. Administer diuretics before surgery B. Avoid palpating the abdomen C. Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia D. Start high-protein TPN - Answer-Answer: B. Avoid palpating the abdomen Rationale: Palpation of the abdomen could rupture the encapsulated tumor and cause dissemination of cancer cells. /.Which of the following findings is most characteristic of increased intracranial pressure in an infant? A. Positive Babinski reflex B. High-pitched cry and bulging fontanel C. Hyperreflexia and tremors D. Dry mucous membranes and sunken fontanel - Answer-Answer: B. High-pitched cry and bulging fontanel Rationale: These are hallmark signs of increased ICP in infants, along with irritability and increased head circumference. /.Which intervention is appropriate for a child in sickle cell crisis experiencing vaso-occlusive pain? A. Administer oxygen and restrict fluids B. Apply cold compresses and give aspirin C. Administer IV fluids and opioids for pain D. Limit movement and elevate extremities - Answer-Answer: C. Administer IV fluids and opioids for pain Rationale: Vaso-occlusive episodes are managed with hydration and pain control to improve circulation and relieve ischemic pain. /.What is the most appropriate intervention for an infant diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)? A. Encourage large, infrequent feedings B. Place infant in supine position immediately after feeding C. Hold the infant upright for 20-30 minutes after feedings D. Administer antacids before each feeding - Answer-Answer: C. Hold the infant upright for 20-30 minutes after feedings Rationale: Upright positioning after feeding helps reduce reflux episodes and promotes gastric emptying, which is critical for GERD management in infants. *Remember It's only GER if under 1 years old* /.A child with pyloric stenosis is likely to present with which of the following symptoms? A. Foul-smelling diarrhea and bloating B. Projectile vomiting and palpable olive-shaped mass C. Bloody stools and abdominal tenderness D. Pain relieved by eating - Answer-Answer: B. Projectile vomiting and palpable olive-shaped mass Rationale: Pyloric stenosis causes gastric outlet obstruction leading to forceful projectile vomiting and a palpable mass in the right upper abdomen. /.What is the priority nursing action for a child experiencing severe dehydration? A. Encourage oral rehydration with small sips of water B. Administer antidiarrheal medication C. Begin IV rehydration therapy with isotonic fluids D. Offer sugary drinks to improve energy - Answer-Answer: C. Begin IV rehydration therapy with isotonic fluids Rationale: Severe dehydration requires immediate IV fluid resuscitation with isotonic solutions (e.g., NS or LR) to restore intravascular volume and prevent shock. /.Which child is at highest risk for developing Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)? A. 5-month-old who sleeps on back with pacifier B. 2-month-old who co-sleeps and sleeps prone C. 1-year-old who sleeps in crib with no toys D. 6-month-old who sleeps with a fan on - Answer-Answer: B. 2-month-old who co-sleeps and sleeps prone Rationale: Prone sleeping position and co-sleeping are major risk factors for SIDS. Infants should be placed on their backs in a crib with a firm surface. /.Which of the following are typical signs of digoxin toxicity in pediatric patients? A. Hypertension, bradypnea, increased appetite B. Nausea, vomiting, bradycardia C. Hyperactivity, diarrhea, tachycardia D. Edema, irritability, tachypnea - Answer-Answer: B. Nausea, vomiting, bradycardia Rationale: Early signs of digoxin toxicity include GI disturbances (nausea/vomiting), anorexia, and bradycardia. Always monitor apical HR before administration. /.What is the first nursing action when assessing a child suspected of having compartment syndrome? A. Elevate the affected extremity above the heart B. Apply heat to the affected area C. Assess neurovascular status (pain, pulses, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis) D. Encourage range-of-motion exercises - Answer-Answer: C. Assess neurovascular status (pain, pulses, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis) Rationale: Compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency. Early recognition through frequent neurovascular checks is critical to preserve limb function. /.Which of the following is a hallmark clinical feature of scoliosis in a pediatric patient? A. Symmetrical shoulders and hips B. Uniform spinal alignment C. Visible curvature of the spine with asymmetrical shoulder height D. Severe localized back pain at rest - Answer-Answer: C. Visible curvature of the spine with asymmetrical shoulder height Rationale: Scoliosis often presents with uneven shoulders, hips, and a visible curve when the child bends forward. Pain is not typically an early sign. /.What is the main goal in managing a patient with Sickle Cell Anemia? A. Promote immune suppression B. Prevent dehydration and hypoxia C. Encourage strenuous activity D. Administer long-term corticosteroids - Answer-Answer: B. Prevent dehydration and hypoxia Rationale: Preventing triggers like dehydration and hypoxia helps reduce sickling of red blood cells and decreases the risk of painful vaso-occlusive crises. /.A child with acute otitis media should be monitored for which potential complication? A. Mastoiditis B. Meningitis C. Respiratory failure D. Diabetic ketoacidosis - Answer-Answer: A. Mastoiditis (I have no recollection of this at all) Rationale: Untreated or recurrent otitis media can spread to surrounding structures, causing mastoiditis—a serious infection of the mastoid bone. /.Which description best defines "atraumatic care" in the pediatric setting? A. Providing sedatives before all procedures B. Avoiding all physical contact with the child C. Minimizing psychological and physical distress during care D. Performing care quickly without explanation to the child - Answer-Answer: C. Minimizing psychological and physical distress during care Rationale: Atraumatic care involves creating a therapeutic, safe, and minimally invasive environment for pediatric patients and their families. /.A 4-year-old undergoing chemotherapy has the following CBC results: WBC 9,000; Segs 3%; Bands 5%. What is the child's Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)? A. 900 B. 720 C. 360 D. 120 - Answer-Answer: C. 360 this pt has no infection fighting capacity. Rationale: ANC = WBC x (%Segs + %Bands) → 9000 x (0.03 + 0.05) = 9000 x 0.08 = 720Correction: B. 720 is the correct answer. ANC under 1000 indicates neutropenia and increased infection risk. /.Which clinical manifestation would most likely be seen in a child with neutropenia? A. Frequent bruising and petechiae B. Pale skin and fatigue C. Fever and signs of infection with minimal inflammatory response D. Swollen joints and bone pain - Answer-Answer: C. Fever and signs of infection with minimal inflammatory response Rationale: Neutropenic children may not show typical signs of infection due to reduced immune response. Fever is often the only early indicator. /.What is the priority nursing intervention for a child with thrombocytopenia due to chemotherapy? A. Monitor for weight loss B. Encourage daily ambulation C. Monitor for bleeding and avoid rectal temperatures D. Administer high-dose vitamin K - Answer-Answer: C. Monitor for bleeding and avoid rectal temperatures Rationale: Thrombocytopenia increases the risk of bleeding. Minimize invasive procedures and monitor closely for signs of hemorrhage. /.Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a child with anemia secondary to chemotherapy? A. Encourage strenuous activity to build strength