NURS 190 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Pericardium layers - ANS Tougher outer layer protects heart and anchors to adjacent
structures
Myocardium thick muscular layer call fibrous skeleton of heart, smoking damages this
Endocardium inner most layer, provides inner lining for chambers of heart
Location of Hart in mediastinum and thorax - ANS Apex - apical impulse PMI
Left and right atria - smaller and superior
Left and right ventricles Dash larger and inferior separated by intro ventricular septum
Right atrium/ventricle - ANS Right atrium delivers deoxygenated blood ejected through the
tricuspid into right ventricle
Right ventricle ejects blood through pulmonary semi lunar valve to trunk of pulmonary arteries
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Left atrium/ventricle/ - ANS Left atrium receives oxygenated blood and pumps through mitral
valve into left ventricle
Left ventricle is egg shaped most muscular, permits pumping of blood through aortic semi lunar
valve into aorta, females is smaller
systole and diastole - ANS systole= contraction
diastole=ventricular relax
AV valves - ANS tricuspid- separate atrium from ventricle between the right
Mitral - thicker, separates atrium from ventricle left, S1 sound
Semi-lunar valves - ANS pulmonary -separate right ventricle from trunk of pulmonary artery
aortic-separates left ventricle from aorta
comptenent vlaves=no regurgitation
Heart sounds - ANS s1: lub- AV vales close, vents fill
s2: dub- aortic/pulmonic close
s3 ans s4- usually abnormal, sometimes healthy
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, s4 before s1=atrial gallup
s3 after s2=vent gallup
s4 sounds consider - ANS may be heard in children, athletes, healthy elderly individuals
without cardiac disease
According to pitch duration and intensity
s3 sounds consider - ANS Might be hurting children, young adults, pregnant females
AV valves open, blood flow into ventricles may cause vibrations
S3 and S4 Soundz - ANS Associated with MI or HF,
S3 occurs when the ventricles reach elastic limit, blood flow from atrium to slow
S4 sounds are associated with active atrial contractions that cause late ventricular filling
Click and snaps - ANS Clicks and snaps may be heard in valvular disease
Opening snap is mitral stenosis
Ejection clicks occur in damaged permanently and aortic valve's
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Pericardium layers - ANS Tougher outer layer protects heart and anchors to adjacent
structures
Myocardium thick muscular layer call fibrous skeleton of heart, smoking damages this
Endocardium inner most layer, provides inner lining for chambers of heart
Location of Hart in mediastinum and thorax - ANS Apex - apical impulse PMI
Left and right atria - smaller and superior
Left and right ventricles Dash larger and inferior separated by intro ventricular septum
Right atrium/ventricle - ANS Right atrium delivers deoxygenated blood ejected through the
tricuspid into right ventricle
Right ventricle ejects blood through pulmonary semi lunar valve to trunk of pulmonary arteries
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Left atrium/ventricle/ - ANS Left atrium receives oxygenated blood and pumps through mitral
valve into left ventricle
Left ventricle is egg shaped most muscular, permits pumping of blood through aortic semi lunar
valve into aorta, females is smaller
systole and diastole - ANS systole= contraction
diastole=ventricular relax
AV valves - ANS tricuspid- separate atrium from ventricle between the right
Mitral - thicker, separates atrium from ventricle left, S1 sound
Semi-lunar valves - ANS pulmonary -separate right ventricle from trunk of pulmonary artery
aortic-separates left ventricle from aorta
comptenent vlaves=no regurgitation
Heart sounds - ANS s1: lub- AV vales close, vents fill
s2: dub- aortic/pulmonic close
s3 ans s4- usually abnormal, sometimes healthy
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, s4 before s1=atrial gallup
s3 after s2=vent gallup
s4 sounds consider - ANS may be heard in children, athletes, healthy elderly individuals
without cardiac disease
According to pitch duration and intensity
s3 sounds consider - ANS Might be hurting children, young adults, pregnant females
AV valves open, blood flow into ventricles may cause vibrations
S3 and S4 Soundz - ANS Associated with MI or HF,
S3 occurs when the ventricles reach elastic limit, blood flow from atrium to slow
S4 sounds are associated with active atrial contractions that cause late ventricular filling
Click and snaps - ANS Clicks and snaps may be heard in valvular disease
Opening snap is mitral stenosis
Ejection clicks occur in damaged permanently and aortic valve's
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
