BIO 242 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A SWAN NECKED FLASK? - ANS Pasteur's swan necked flask shows
that they remained free of microbes in the absence of microorganisms, disproving the theory of
spontaneous generation
A SPECIFIC ________ CAUSES A SPECIFIC DISEASE - ANS microbe
WHICH SCIENTIST PROMOTED HAND SANITIZER? - ANS Joseph Lister
GRAM STAINING IS WHAT TYPE OF STAINING? - ANS differential staining
WHAT ARE THE 5 I'S OF MICROBIOLOGY (IN ORDER) - ANS inoculation
incubation
isolation
inspection
identification
MAGNIFICATION IN MICROSCOPE - ANS lower objective lens
lower ocular lens
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, DNA IS A _________ HELIX - ANS double
ATP IS WHAT TYPE OF MOLECULE? - ANS energy molecule
POINT MUTATION - ANS gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER- (1)CONJUGATION - ANS conjugation requires physical contact
between two microorganism via an appendage known as the pilli
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER- (2) TRANSFORMATION - ANS Transformation does NOT
require a physical interaction between two cells and is an indirect transfer technique
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER- (3) TRANSDUCTION - ANS The final type of horizontal gene
transfer, transduction, is also an indirect transfer technique. This technique requires the use of a
defective bacteriophage (bacterial virus) to transfer DNA from one bacteria to another. The
bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell, the viral genome is replicated, and then the viral proteins
and nucleic acid are assembled into a mature bacteriophage.
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER- (4) TRANSPOSABLE - ANS TEs have the ability to shift from
one part of the genome to another and so are termed "jumping genes."
GENE THERAPY - ANS Gene therapy involves the repair or correction of a faulty gene in
humans suffering from a fatal or debilitating disease.
FRAMESHIFT MUTATION - ANS Insertion and deletion are known as frame shift mutations if
the insertion or deletion isn't a multiple of three. Total sequence will change
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS 100% PASS
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A SWAN NECKED FLASK? - ANS Pasteur's swan necked flask shows
that they remained free of microbes in the absence of microorganisms, disproving the theory of
spontaneous generation
A SPECIFIC ________ CAUSES A SPECIFIC DISEASE - ANS microbe
WHICH SCIENTIST PROMOTED HAND SANITIZER? - ANS Joseph Lister
GRAM STAINING IS WHAT TYPE OF STAINING? - ANS differential staining
WHAT ARE THE 5 I'S OF MICROBIOLOGY (IN ORDER) - ANS inoculation
incubation
isolation
inspection
identification
MAGNIFICATION IN MICROSCOPE - ANS lower objective lens
lower ocular lens
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, DNA IS A _________ HELIX - ANS double
ATP IS WHAT TYPE OF MOLECULE? - ANS energy molecule
POINT MUTATION - ANS gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER- (1)CONJUGATION - ANS conjugation requires physical contact
between two microorganism via an appendage known as the pilli
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER- (2) TRANSFORMATION - ANS Transformation does NOT
require a physical interaction between two cells and is an indirect transfer technique
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER- (3) TRANSDUCTION - ANS The final type of horizontal gene
transfer, transduction, is also an indirect transfer technique. This technique requires the use of a
defective bacteriophage (bacterial virus) to transfer DNA from one bacteria to another. The
bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell, the viral genome is replicated, and then the viral proteins
and nucleic acid are assembled into a mature bacteriophage.
HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER- (4) TRANSPOSABLE - ANS TEs have the ability to shift from
one part of the genome to another and so are termed "jumping genes."
GENE THERAPY - ANS Gene therapy involves the repair or correction of a faulty gene in
humans suffering from a fatal or debilitating disease.
FRAMESHIFT MUTATION - ANS Insertion and deletion are known as frame shift mutations if
the insertion or deletion isn't a multiple of three. Total sequence will change
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
