Nur 2474 exam 1 2026 update |comprehensive questions and
verified answers (complete solutions) ASSURED
SUCCESS|GRADE A+!!
seizure meds IV benzos
(Diazepam/lorazepa
m longterm-
phenytoin
what antiseizure meds do either suppress discharge or neurons or suppress
progation of seizure activity from the focus to other
areas of the brain.
5 basic mechanisms of antiseizure suppress sodium
drugs influx suppress
calcium influx
promote potassium efflux
block receptors for
glutamate increase
GABA
prototype drugs for seizures phenytoin oxcarbazepine
PHenytoin(dilantin) Therapeutic level 10to20 mcg . for all forms of epilepsy
focal seizures.
phenytoin side effects Nystagmus, excess sedation, cognistive impairment.
gingival hyperplasia (ecess gum tissue growth)
dysrythmia. measles like rash, stven johnson
syndrome.
hirsutism (overgorwth of hair in unwanted places)
phenytoin oldest and most commonly used seizure med.
phenytoin drug interactions MANY!
phenytoin low therapeutic range under 10 = breakthrough seizure
phenytoin high therapeutic range over 20 cns toxcicty
phenytoin what to avoid alcohol barbiturates, abrupt withdrawal.
Oxcarbazepine new generation antiseizure med. prescibed less often.
better tolerated than traditional. for children and
, interactions
Oxcarnazepine therapeutic 12-30. monitor electrolytes.
levels
lamotrigine antiseizure med . similar to oxcarbazepine
Gabapentin epilepsy and focal seizure med. well tolerated.
cyclobenzaprine skeletal muscle relaxant. relieves muscle spasm and
associated pain. first choice drug for acute muscle
spasm.
cyclobenzaprine side effects CNS depressant . Anticholinergic . cardiac dysrhythmia,
tachycardia.
cyclobenzaprine drug contraindicated for patients taking MAO inhibitors. can
interactions cause serotonin syndrome, manifested by high fever
seixures and rhabdomyloysis. avain alcohol or other
CNS depressant.
cyclobenzaprine bradypnea, brady cardia, hypotension, alter mental
status, drowsiness, fall risk
Baclofen centrally acting muscle relaxant. Spasticity for mulstiple
sclerosis and spinal cord injury.
Baclofen side effects CNS suppressant low and slow dosing . overdose
potential NO ANTIDOTE withdrawal symptoms with
abrupt discontinuation. urinary retention.
Dantrolene Direct acting muscle relaxant. Multiple sclerosis,
cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. can be used to
stop pipelike rigidity in neuroleptic syndrome
Dantrolene side effects Muscle weakness hepatoxicity drowsiness diarrhea.
First generation antipsychotics Thiazines/phenothiazine chlorpromazine
(lowpotency) Haldol/buryrophenones (high
potency)
high potency causes more eps low potency causes
more anticholinergic effects.
Second generation atypical antipsychotics. less likely to cause eps.
antipsychotics Clozapine
Haloperidol adverse effects eps neuroendocrine effects and can prolong qt interval
and cause dysrythmias
haloperidol caution in hypokalemia or hyperkalemia history if dysrythmias
heart attack or severe heart failure.
verified answers (complete solutions) ASSURED
SUCCESS|GRADE A+!!
seizure meds IV benzos
(Diazepam/lorazepa
m longterm-
phenytoin
what antiseizure meds do either suppress discharge or neurons or suppress
progation of seizure activity from the focus to other
areas of the brain.
5 basic mechanisms of antiseizure suppress sodium
drugs influx suppress
calcium influx
promote potassium efflux
block receptors for
glutamate increase
GABA
prototype drugs for seizures phenytoin oxcarbazepine
PHenytoin(dilantin) Therapeutic level 10to20 mcg . for all forms of epilepsy
focal seizures.
phenytoin side effects Nystagmus, excess sedation, cognistive impairment.
gingival hyperplasia (ecess gum tissue growth)
dysrythmia. measles like rash, stven johnson
syndrome.
hirsutism (overgorwth of hair in unwanted places)
phenytoin oldest and most commonly used seizure med.
phenytoin drug interactions MANY!
phenytoin low therapeutic range under 10 = breakthrough seizure
phenytoin high therapeutic range over 20 cns toxcicty
phenytoin what to avoid alcohol barbiturates, abrupt withdrawal.
Oxcarbazepine new generation antiseizure med. prescibed less often.
better tolerated than traditional. for children and
, interactions
Oxcarnazepine therapeutic 12-30. monitor electrolytes.
levels
lamotrigine antiseizure med . similar to oxcarbazepine
Gabapentin epilepsy and focal seizure med. well tolerated.
cyclobenzaprine skeletal muscle relaxant. relieves muscle spasm and
associated pain. first choice drug for acute muscle
spasm.
cyclobenzaprine side effects CNS depressant . Anticholinergic . cardiac dysrhythmia,
tachycardia.
cyclobenzaprine drug contraindicated for patients taking MAO inhibitors. can
interactions cause serotonin syndrome, manifested by high fever
seixures and rhabdomyloysis. avain alcohol or other
CNS depressant.
cyclobenzaprine bradypnea, brady cardia, hypotension, alter mental
status, drowsiness, fall risk
Baclofen centrally acting muscle relaxant. Spasticity for mulstiple
sclerosis and spinal cord injury.
Baclofen side effects CNS suppressant low and slow dosing . overdose
potential NO ANTIDOTE withdrawal symptoms with
abrupt discontinuation. urinary retention.
Dantrolene Direct acting muscle relaxant. Multiple sclerosis,
cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. can be used to
stop pipelike rigidity in neuroleptic syndrome
Dantrolene side effects Muscle weakness hepatoxicity drowsiness diarrhea.
First generation antipsychotics Thiazines/phenothiazine chlorpromazine
(lowpotency) Haldol/buryrophenones (high
potency)
high potency causes more eps low potency causes
more anticholinergic effects.
Second generation atypical antipsychotics. less likely to cause eps.
antipsychotics Clozapine
Haloperidol adverse effects eps neuroendocrine effects and can prolong qt interval
and cause dysrythmias
haloperidol caution in hypokalemia or hyperkalemia history if dysrythmias
heart attack or severe heart failure.
