ALL CHAPTER 1-18 COVERED
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
1) Introduction and Basic Concepts
2) Energy, Energy Transfer, and General Energy Analysis
3) Properties of Pure Substances
4) Energy Analysis of Closed Systems
5) Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes
6) The Second Law of Thermodynamics
7) Entropy
8) Entropy Analysis
9) Exergy
10) Gas Power Cycles
11) Vapor and Combined Power Cycles
12) Refrigeration Cycles
13) Thermodynamic Property Relations
14) Gas Mixtures
15) Gas-Vapor Mixtures and Air-Conditioning
16) Chemical Reactions
17) Chemical and Phase Equilibrium
18) Compressible Flow
,
, 1-2
Thermodynamics
18-1 C Classical thermodynamics is based on experimental observations whereas statistical thermodynamics is based
on the average behavior of large groups of particles.
18-2 C On a downhill road the potential energy of the bicyclist is being converted to kinetic energy, and thus the
bicyclist picks up speed. There is no creation of energy, and thus no violation of the conservation of energy principle.
18-3 C A car going uphill without the engine running would increase the energy of the car, and thus it would be a
violation of the first law of thermodynamics. Therefore, this cannot happen. Using a level meter (a device with an air
bubble between two marks of a horizontal water tube) it can shown that the road that looks uphill to the eye is actually
downhill.
18-4 C There is no truth to his claim. It violates the second law of thermodynamics.
Mass, Force, and Units
18-5 C Kg-mass is the mass unit in the SI system whereas kg-force is a force unit. 1-kg-force is the force required to
accelerate a 1-kg mass by 9.807 m/s2. In other words, the weight of 1-kg mass at sea level is 1 kg-force.
18-6 C In this unit, the word light refers to the speed of light. The light-year unit is then the product of a velocity and
time. Hence, this product forms a distance dimension and unit.
18-7 C There is no acceleration, thus the net force is zero in both cases.
18-8 The variation of gravitational acceleration above the sea level is given as a function of altitude. The height at
which the weight of a body will decrease by 0.3% is to be determined.
z
Analysis The weight of a body at the elevation z can be expressed as
W mg m(9.807 3.32 10 6 z)
In our case,
W (1 0.3 /100)Ws 0.997Ws 0.997mg s
0.997(m)(9.807)
0
Substituting,
Sea level
6
0.997(9.807) (9.807 3.32 10 z) z 8862 m
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation.
If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
1) Introduction and Basic Concepts
2) Energy, Energy Transfer, and General Energy Analysis
3) Properties of Pure Substances
4) Energy Analysis of Closed Systems
5) Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes
6) The Second Law of Thermodynamics
7) Entropy
8) Entropy Analysis
9) Exergy
10) Gas Power Cycles
11) Vapor and Combined Power Cycles
12) Refrigeration Cycles
13) Thermodynamic Property Relations
14) Gas Mixtures
15) Gas-Vapor Mixtures and Air-Conditioning
16) Chemical Reactions
17) Chemical and Phase Equilibrium
18) Compressible Flow
,
, 1-2
Thermodynamics
18-1 C Classical thermodynamics is based on experimental observations whereas statistical thermodynamics is based
on the average behavior of large groups of particles.
18-2 C On a downhill road the potential energy of the bicyclist is being converted to kinetic energy, and thus the
bicyclist picks up speed. There is no creation of energy, and thus no violation of the conservation of energy principle.
18-3 C A car going uphill without the engine running would increase the energy of the car, and thus it would be a
violation of the first law of thermodynamics. Therefore, this cannot happen. Using a level meter (a device with an air
bubble between two marks of a horizontal water tube) it can shown that the road that looks uphill to the eye is actually
downhill.
18-4 C There is no truth to his claim. It violates the second law of thermodynamics.
Mass, Force, and Units
18-5 C Kg-mass is the mass unit in the SI system whereas kg-force is a force unit. 1-kg-force is the force required to
accelerate a 1-kg mass by 9.807 m/s2. In other words, the weight of 1-kg mass at sea level is 1 kg-force.
18-6 C In this unit, the word light refers to the speed of light. The light-year unit is then the product of a velocity and
time. Hence, this product forms a distance dimension and unit.
18-7 C There is no acceleration, thus the net force is zero in both cases.
18-8 The variation of gravitational acceleration above the sea level is given as a function of altitude. The height at
which the weight of a body will decrease by 0.3% is to be determined.
z
Analysis The weight of a body at the elevation z can be expressed as
W mg m(9.807 3.32 10 6 z)
In our case,
W (1 0.3 /100)Ws 0.997Ws 0.997mg s
0.997(m)(9.807)
0
Substituting,
Sea level
6
0.997(9.807) (9.807 3.32 10 z) z 8862 m
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation.
If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
