Page 1 of 394
PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK| COMPLETE 550 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+| NURS 231 EXAM PREP 2025
(BRAND NEW!!)
What are the normal's for the following labs
1) Urine Specific Gravity
2) Serum Osmolality
3) ABG (pH, HCO3, PaCO2, PaO2)
4) troponin I
5) electrolyte panel( Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+)
6) BUN & Creatinine
7) CBC ( hgb, hct, RBC, WBC, platelets
,Page 2 of 394
).........ANSWER..........1) 1.000-1.030
2) 270-300
3) pH 7.35-7.45// HC03 22-26// PaCO2 35-45// Pa02 80-
100
4) troponin I <0.03 ng/mL
5) Na+ 135-145//K+ 3.5-5// Ca+ 9-10.5//Mg+ 1.2-2
6) BUN 10-20//Creat 0.5-1.2
7) hgb 12-18// hct 37-52%// rbc 4.2-6.1// wbc 5,000-
10,000// platelets 150,000-400,000
Match the lab profile with the most likely fluid imbalance like A)
Fluid Volume Deficit 2) Fluid Volume Excess
1) ____Na 148; Hct 40% yesterday, 49% today; serum
osmolarity 308
2) ____Hgb 13.2 yesterday, 10.1 today; Urine specific gravity
1.001
,Page 3 of 394
3) ____BUN 45; Cr 0.7.........ANSWER..........1) A
2) B
3) A
The nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril (Zestril) to a patient
with acute coronary syndrome. Which of the following findings
should prompt the nurse to hold the medication and consult the
healthcare provider?
a) Serum sodium level 134
b) Serum potassium 5.6
c) Heart rate 58
d) Blood pressure 125/78.........ANSWER..........b) Serum
potassium 5.6
*ACE inhibitors can cause/exacerbate hyperkalemia.
, Page 4 of 394
The nurse is caring for a patient who is in hypovolemic shock
following an extensive burn injury. What is the intravenous fluid
of choice for this patient in the emergent phase of treatment?
a) Lactated Ringers
b) 0.45 NS with 20 mEq potassium chloride
c) Fresh Frozen Plasma
d) 5% Dextrose in saline.........ANSWER..........a) Lactated Ringers
*Isotonic solutions (crystalloids) are used to restore fluid volume in
patients with shock. Lactated Ringers is isotonic. Normal saline is
also isotonic.
The client on a ventilator is assessed for untoward responses to
the therapy. Which of the following would indicate a possible
complication of ventilator therapy?
a) Blood pressure has increased 5mmHg in the last 24 hours
b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK| COMPLETE 550 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+| NURS 231 EXAM PREP 2025
(BRAND NEW!!)
What are the normal's for the following labs
1) Urine Specific Gravity
2) Serum Osmolality
3) ABG (pH, HCO3, PaCO2, PaO2)
4) troponin I
5) electrolyte panel( Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+)
6) BUN & Creatinine
7) CBC ( hgb, hct, RBC, WBC, platelets
,Page 2 of 394
).........ANSWER..........1) 1.000-1.030
2) 270-300
3) pH 7.35-7.45// HC03 22-26// PaCO2 35-45// Pa02 80-
100
4) troponin I <0.03 ng/mL
5) Na+ 135-145//K+ 3.5-5// Ca+ 9-10.5//Mg+ 1.2-2
6) BUN 10-20//Creat 0.5-1.2
7) hgb 12-18// hct 37-52%// rbc 4.2-6.1// wbc 5,000-
10,000// platelets 150,000-400,000
Match the lab profile with the most likely fluid imbalance like A)
Fluid Volume Deficit 2) Fluid Volume Excess
1) ____Na 148; Hct 40% yesterday, 49% today; serum
osmolarity 308
2) ____Hgb 13.2 yesterday, 10.1 today; Urine specific gravity
1.001
,Page 3 of 394
3) ____BUN 45; Cr 0.7.........ANSWER..........1) A
2) B
3) A
The nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril (Zestril) to a patient
with acute coronary syndrome. Which of the following findings
should prompt the nurse to hold the medication and consult the
healthcare provider?
a) Serum sodium level 134
b) Serum potassium 5.6
c) Heart rate 58
d) Blood pressure 125/78.........ANSWER..........b) Serum
potassium 5.6
*ACE inhibitors can cause/exacerbate hyperkalemia.
, Page 4 of 394
The nurse is caring for a patient who is in hypovolemic shock
following an extensive burn injury. What is the intravenous fluid
of choice for this patient in the emergent phase of treatment?
a) Lactated Ringers
b) 0.45 NS with 20 mEq potassium chloride
c) Fresh Frozen Plasma
d) 5% Dextrose in saline.........ANSWER..........a) Lactated Ringers
*Isotonic solutions (crystalloids) are used to restore fluid volume in
patients with shock. Lactated Ringers is isotonic. Normal saline is
also isotonic.
The client on a ventilator is assessed for untoward responses to
the therapy. Which of the following would indicate a possible
complication of ventilator therapy?
a) Blood pressure has increased 5mmHg in the last 24 hours
b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
