Page 1 of 266
HESI: NUR209 / NUR 209 (LATEST 2025 UPDATE)
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING II | QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT - FORTIS
A decrease in workload, use, pressure, or blood supply
appropriately describes:
A. physiologic atrophy.
B. pathologic atrophy.
C. hypertrophy.
D. hyperplasia.
.....ANSWER.....B. pathologic atrophy.
,Page 2 of 266
Pathologic atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to decreased
use. Physiologic atrophy usually occurs early in development; for
example, the thymus gland atrophies during childhood.
Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. Hyperplasia is an
increase in the number of cells.
The appropriate term for the reversible replacement of one
mature cell by another is:
A. metaplasia.
B. hyperplasia.
C. dysplasia.
D. atypical hyperplasia. .....ANSWER.....A. metaplasia.
,Page 3 of 266
The term metaplasia refers to one cell type being replaced by
another. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells, not a
change in their type. Dysplasia, also referred to as atypical
hyperplasia, refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and
organization of cells.
The ability to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and
affect the nervous and hematopoietic systems is a characteristic
of:
A. carbon monoxide.
B. carbon tetrachloride.
C. lead.
D. mercury. .....ANSWER.....C. lead.
, Page 4 of 266
Lead is able to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and
may also become a calcium substitute. It affects the
hematopoietic system. It is often found in paint, dirt, and pottery.
Carbon tetrachloride, formerly used in dry cleaning, is converted
into a highly toxic free radical that damages the liver. Carbon
monoxide is an asphyxiate gas that interrupts respiration.
Mercury is a heavy metal and can worsen chronic diseases like
Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis.
A patient with a collection of blood that is located between the
skull and the dura is diagnosed with a condition referred to as
a(n):
A. epidural hematoma.
HESI: NUR209 / NUR 209 (LATEST 2025 UPDATE)
MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING II | QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT - FORTIS
A decrease in workload, use, pressure, or blood supply
appropriately describes:
A. physiologic atrophy.
B. pathologic atrophy.
C. hypertrophy.
D. hyperplasia.
.....ANSWER.....B. pathologic atrophy.
,Page 2 of 266
Pathologic atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to decreased
use. Physiologic atrophy usually occurs early in development; for
example, the thymus gland atrophies during childhood.
Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. Hyperplasia is an
increase in the number of cells.
The appropriate term for the reversible replacement of one
mature cell by another is:
A. metaplasia.
B. hyperplasia.
C. dysplasia.
D. atypical hyperplasia. .....ANSWER.....A. metaplasia.
,Page 3 of 266
The term metaplasia refers to one cell type being replaced by
another. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells, not a
change in their type. Dysplasia, also referred to as atypical
hyperplasia, refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and
organization of cells.
The ability to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and
affect the nervous and hematopoietic systems is a characteristic
of:
A. carbon monoxide.
B. carbon tetrachloride.
C. lead.
D. mercury. .....ANSWER.....C. lead.
, Page 4 of 266
Lead is able to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and
may also become a calcium substitute. It affects the
hematopoietic system. It is often found in paint, dirt, and pottery.
Carbon tetrachloride, formerly used in dry cleaning, is converted
into a highly toxic free radical that damages the liver. Carbon
monoxide is an asphyxiate gas that interrupts respiration.
Mercury is a heavy metal and can worsen chronic diseases like
Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis.
A patient with a collection of blood that is located between the
skull and the dura is diagnosed with a condition referred to as
a(n):
A. epidural hematoma.
