CLINICAL NEUROANATOMY & NEUROSCIENCE
—————————————————
SAMENVATTING
YOUNES STAEPELS
Younes Staepels 1
,Inhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 3: MESENCEPHALON, PONS, MEDULLA SPINALIS ........................................................................ 7
HERSENSTAM...................................................................................................................................................... 7
RUGGENMERG .................................................................................................................................................... 9
CEREBELLUM ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
HOOFDSTUK 4: MENINGEN, CSV & LUMBALE PUNCTIE ................................................................................. 10
DURA MATER .................................................................................................................................................... 10
INNERVATIE ................................................................................................................................................. 10
ARACHNOIDEA .................................................................................................................................................. 13
PIA MATER ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
SUBARACHNOÏDALE CISTERNEN ....................................................................................................................... 14
NERVUS OPTICUS .............................................................................................................................................. 14
SPINALE MENINGEN ......................................................................................................................................... 14
CSV CIRCULATIE ................................................................................................................................................ 15
HOOFDSTUK 5: BLOEDVOORZIENING VAN DE HERSENEN .............................................................................. 16
ARTERIEEL – TELENCEPHALON ......................................................................................................................... 16
A. CEREBRI ANTERIOR............................................................................................................................. 17
A. CEREBRI MEDIA .................................................................................................................................. 17
A. CEREBRI POSTERIOR ........................................................................................................................... 18
OVERZICHT ................................................................................................................................................... 18
ARTERIEEL – RHOMBCEPHALON ....................................................................................................................... 19
VENEUZE DRAINAGE ......................................................................................................................................... 20
REGELING BLOEDFLOW .................................................................................................................................... 20
BLOEDHERSENBARRIÈRE .................................................................................................................................. 21
PERICYTEN ................................................................................................................................................... 21
FUNCTIES ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
HOOFDSTUK 6: NEURONEN & NEUROGLIA.................................................................................................... 22
NEURONEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
INTRACELLULAIR TRANSPORT........................................................................................................................... 22
ELEKTRISCHE SYNAPS........................................................................................................................................ 23
CHEMISCHE SYNAPS ......................................................................................................................................... 23
NEUROGLIACELLEN ........................................................................................................................................... 24
ASTROCYTEN ................................................................................................................................................ 24
OLIGODENDROCYTEN .................................................................................................................................. 24
MICROGLIA .................................................................................................................................................. 25
EPENDYMCELLEN ......................................................................................................................................... 25
OVERZICHT........................................................................................................................................................ 25
HOOFDSTUK 9: PERIFERE ZENUWEN ............................................................................................................. 26
ALGEMEEN ........................................................................................................................................................ 26
MICROSCOPIE ................................................................................................................................................... 27
Younes Staepels 2
, CONDUCTIE ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
DEGENERATIE & REGENERATIE ........................................................................................................................ 28
PERIFERE DE- & REGENERATIE ..................................................................................................................... 28
CENTRALE DE- & REGENERATIE ................................................................................................................... 29
HOOFDSTUK 10: INNERVATIE VAN SPIEREN & GEWRICHTEN......................................................................... 30
MOTORISCHE INNERVATIE ............................................................................................................................... 30
SENSORISCHE INNERVATIE ............................................................................................................................... 32
PASSIEVE STRETCH ....................................................................................................................................... 32
ACTIEVE STRETCH ........................................................................................................................................ 32
SPIER – PEES JUNCTIE ....................................................................................................................................... 33
VRIJE ZENUWUITEINDEN .................................................................................................................................. 33
INNERVATIE VAN GEWRICHTEN ....................................................................................................................... 34
HOOFDSTUK 11: INNERVATIE VAN HUID ....................................................................................................... 35
SENSORISCHE EENHEDEN ................................................................................................................................. 35
ZENUWUITEINDEN............................................................................................................................................ 35
VRIJE ZENUWUITEINDEN ............................................................................................................................. 35
FOLLICULAIRE ZENUWUITEINDEN ............................................................................................................... 35
MERKEL ZENUWUITEINDEN ......................................................................................................................... 35
OMKAPSELDE ZENUWUITEINDEN ................................................................................................................ 36
HOOFDSTUK 12: ELEKTRODIAGNOSTISCH ONDERZOEK ................................................................................. 37
ZENUWCONDUCTIESTUDIES ............................................................................................................................. 37
BOVENSTE LIDMAAT .................................................................................................................................... 37
ONDERSTE LIDMAAT .................................................................................................................................... 40
H-RESPONS .................................................................................................................................................. 40
ELEKTROMYOGRAFIE ........................................................................................................................................ 41
SPIERDENERVATIE............................................................................................................................................. 41
HOOFDSTUK 13: AUTONOOM ZENUWSTELSEL .............................................................................................. 42
INDELING .......................................................................................................................................................... 42
ORTHOSYMPATHISCH ZENUWSTELSEL ............................................................................................................. 42
PARASYMPATHISCH ZENUWSTELSEL ................................................................................................................ 43
NEUROTRANSMISSIE IN CZS ............................................................................................................................. 43
GANGLIONAIRE TRANSMISSIE ..................................................................................................................... 43
JUNCTIONELE TRANSMISSIE ........................................................................................................................ 43
ANDERE SOORTEN NEURONEN ........................................................................................................................ 44
IMMUUNSYSTEEM ............................................................................................................................................ 45
VISCERALE PIJN ................................................................................................................................................. 45
PURE VISCERALE PIJN................................................................................................................................... 45
GEREFEREERDE PIJN..................................................................................................................................... 45
VISCEROSOMATISCHE PIJN .......................................................................................................................... 45
GEVOELIGHEID ............................................................................................................................................. 45
TOEPASSINGEN ................................................................................................................................................. 45
INNERVATIE VAN HET HART......................................................................................................................... 45
ENTERISCH ZENUWSTELSEL ......................................................................................................................... 46
BLAASCONTROLE ......................................................................................................................................... 46
Younes Staepels 3
, ERECTIE ........................................................................................................................................................ 46
HOOFDSTUK 14: ZENUWWORTELS & DERMATOMEN .................................................................................... 48
EMBRYOLOGIE .................................................................................................................................................. 48
VOLWASSEN ANATOMIE................................................................................................................................... 49
DISTRIBUTIE VAN SPINALE ZENUWEN .............................................................................................................. 50
HOOFDSTUK 15: STIJGENDE PATHWAYS ....................................................................................................... 52
ALGEMEEN ........................................................................................................................................................ 52
STIJGENDE SENSORISCHE PATHWAYS .............................................................................................................. 53
DCML PATHWAY .......................................................................................................................................... 55
TRACTUS SPINOTHALAMICUS ...................................................................................................................... 55
TRACTUS SPINORETICULARIS ....................................................................................................................... 56
SPINOCEREBELLAIRE PATHWAYS ................................................................................................................. 56
OVERIGE STIJGENDE PATHWAYS ...................................................................................................................... 57
HOOFDSTUK 16: DALENDE PATHWAYS ......................................................................................................... 58
ALGEMEEN ........................................................................................................................................................ 58
DALENDE MOTORISCHE PATHWAYS................................................................................................................. 59
TRACTUS CORTICOSPINALIS ......................................................................................................................... 59
TRACTUS RETICULOSPINALIS ....................................................................................................................... 60
TRACTUS TECTOSPINALIS ............................................................................................................................. 60
TRACTUS VESTIBULOSPINALIS ..................................................................................................................... 60
TRACTUS RAPHESPINALIS ............................................................................................................................ 60
AMINERGE PATHWAYS ................................................................................................................................ 60
CENTRALE AUTONOME PATHWAYS............................................................................................................. 60
BLOEDVOORZIENING VAN HET RUGGENMERG ................................................................................................ 61
HOOFDSTUK 17: HERSENSTAM ..................................................................................................................... 62
DCML PATHWAY ............................................................................................................................................... 62
TRACTUS CORTICOSPINALIS .............................................................................................................................. 63
HOOFDSTUK 18: CRANIALE ZENUWEN (IX – X – XI – XII) ................................................................................ 65
NERVUS HYPOGLOSSUS (XII) ............................................................................................................................. 65
NERVUS ACCESSORIUS (XI) ............................................................................................................................... 65
NERVUS GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS......................................................................................................................... 65
NERVUS VAGUS ................................................................................................................................................ 66
HOOFDSTUK 21: NERVUS TRIGEMINALIS....................................................................................................... 67
MOTOR NUCLEUS ............................................................................................................................................. 67
SENSORISCHE NUCLEI ....................................................................................................................................... 67
NUCLEUS MESENCEPHALICUS ..................................................................................................................... 67
NUCLEUS PONTIS ......................................................................................................................................... 67
NUCLEUS SPINALIS ....................................................................................................................................... 67
INNERVATIE VAN CEREBRALE ARTERIËN .......................................................................................................... 68
TRACTUS TRIGEMINOTHALAMICUS .................................................................................................................. 68
KAUWPROCES ................................................................................................................................................... 68
Younes Staepels 4
—————————————————
SAMENVATTING
YOUNES STAEPELS
Younes Staepels 1
,Inhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 3: MESENCEPHALON, PONS, MEDULLA SPINALIS ........................................................................ 7
HERSENSTAM...................................................................................................................................................... 7
RUGGENMERG .................................................................................................................................................... 9
CEREBELLUM ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
HOOFDSTUK 4: MENINGEN, CSV & LUMBALE PUNCTIE ................................................................................. 10
DURA MATER .................................................................................................................................................... 10
INNERVATIE ................................................................................................................................................. 10
ARACHNOIDEA .................................................................................................................................................. 13
PIA MATER ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
SUBARACHNOÏDALE CISTERNEN ....................................................................................................................... 14
NERVUS OPTICUS .............................................................................................................................................. 14
SPINALE MENINGEN ......................................................................................................................................... 14
CSV CIRCULATIE ................................................................................................................................................ 15
HOOFDSTUK 5: BLOEDVOORZIENING VAN DE HERSENEN .............................................................................. 16
ARTERIEEL – TELENCEPHALON ......................................................................................................................... 16
A. CEREBRI ANTERIOR............................................................................................................................. 17
A. CEREBRI MEDIA .................................................................................................................................. 17
A. CEREBRI POSTERIOR ........................................................................................................................... 18
OVERZICHT ................................................................................................................................................... 18
ARTERIEEL – RHOMBCEPHALON ....................................................................................................................... 19
VENEUZE DRAINAGE ......................................................................................................................................... 20
REGELING BLOEDFLOW .................................................................................................................................... 20
BLOEDHERSENBARRIÈRE .................................................................................................................................. 21
PERICYTEN ................................................................................................................................................... 21
FUNCTIES ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
HOOFDSTUK 6: NEURONEN & NEUROGLIA.................................................................................................... 22
NEURONEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
INTRACELLULAIR TRANSPORT........................................................................................................................... 22
ELEKTRISCHE SYNAPS........................................................................................................................................ 23
CHEMISCHE SYNAPS ......................................................................................................................................... 23
NEUROGLIACELLEN ........................................................................................................................................... 24
ASTROCYTEN ................................................................................................................................................ 24
OLIGODENDROCYTEN .................................................................................................................................. 24
MICROGLIA .................................................................................................................................................. 25
EPENDYMCELLEN ......................................................................................................................................... 25
OVERZICHT........................................................................................................................................................ 25
HOOFDSTUK 9: PERIFERE ZENUWEN ............................................................................................................. 26
ALGEMEEN ........................................................................................................................................................ 26
MICROSCOPIE ................................................................................................................................................... 27
Younes Staepels 2
, CONDUCTIE ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
DEGENERATIE & REGENERATIE ........................................................................................................................ 28
PERIFERE DE- & REGENERATIE ..................................................................................................................... 28
CENTRALE DE- & REGENERATIE ................................................................................................................... 29
HOOFDSTUK 10: INNERVATIE VAN SPIEREN & GEWRICHTEN......................................................................... 30
MOTORISCHE INNERVATIE ............................................................................................................................... 30
SENSORISCHE INNERVATIE ............................................................................................................................... 32
PASSIEVE STRETCH ....................................................................................................................................... 32
ACTIEVE STRETCH ........................................................................................................................................ 32
SPIER – PEES JUNCTIE ....................................................................................................................................... 33
VRIJE ZENUWUITEINDEN .................................................................................................................................. 33
INNERVATIE VAN GEWRICHTEN ....................................................................................................................... 34
HOOFDSTUK 11: INNERVATIE VAN HUID ....................................................................................................... 35
SENSORISCHE EENHEDEN ................................................................................................................................. 35
ZENUWUITEINDEN............................................................................................................................................ 35
VRIJE ZENUWUITEINDEN ............................................................................................................................. 35
FOLLICULAIRE ZENUWUITEINDEN ............................................................................................................... 35
MERKEL ZENUWUITEINDEN ......................................................................................................................... 35
OMKAPSELDE ZENUWUITEINDEN ................................................................................................................ 36
HOOFDSTUK 12: ELEKTRODIAGNOSTISCH ONDERZOEK ................................................................................. 37
ZENUWCONDUCTIESTUDIES ............................................................................................................................. 37
BOVENSTE LIDMAAT .................................................................................................................................... 37
ONDERSTE LIDMAAT .................................................................................................................................... 40
H-RESPONS .................................................................................................................................................. 40
ELEKTROMYOGRAFIE ........................................................................................................................................ 41
SPIERDENERVATIE............................................................................................................................................. 41
HOOFDSTUK 13: AUTONOOM ZENUWSTELSEL .............................................................................................. 42
INDELING .......................................................................................................................................................... 42
ORTHOSYMPATHISCH ZENUWSTELSEL ............................................................................................................. 42
PARASYMPATHISCH ZENUWSTELSEL ................................................................................................................ 43
NEUROTRANSMISSIE IN CZS ............................................................................................................................. 43
GANGLIONAIRE TRANSMISSIE ..................................................................................................................... 43
JUNCTIONELE TRANSMISSIE ........................................................................................................................ 43
ANDERE SOORTEN NEURONEN ........................................................................................................................ 44
IMMUUNSYSTEEM ............................................................................................................................................ 45
VISCERALE PIJN ................................................................................................................................................. 45
PURE VISCERALE PIJN................................................................................................................................... 45
GEREFEREERDE PIJN..................................................................................................................................... 45
VISCEROSOMATISCHE PIJN .......................................................................................................................... 45
GEVOELIGHEID ............................................................................................................................................. 45
TOEPASSINGEN ................................................................................................................................................. 45
INNERVATIE VAN HET HART......................................................................................................................... 45
ENTERISCH ZENUWSTELSEL ......................................................................................................................... 46
BLAASCONTROLE ......................................................................................................................................... 46
Younes Staepels 3
, ERECTIE ........................................................................................................................................................ 46
HOOFDSTUK 14: ZENUWWORTELS & DERMATOMEN .................................................................................... 48
EMBRYOLOGIE .................................................................................................................................................. 48
VOLWASSEN ANATOMIE................................................................................................................................... 49
DISTRIBUTIE VAN SPINALE ZENUWEN .............................................................................................................. 50
HOOFDSTUK 15: STIJGENDE PATHWAYS ....................................................................................................... 52
ALGEMEEN ........................................................................................................................................................ 52
STIJGENDE SENSORISCHE PATHWAYS .............................................................................................................. 53
DCML PATHWAY .......................................................................................................................................... 55
TRACTUS SPINOTHALAMICUS ...................................................................................................................... 55
TRACTUS SPINORETICULARIS ....................................................................................................................... 56
SPINOCEREBELLAIRE PATHWAYS ................................................................................................................. 56
OVERIGE STIJGENDE PATHWAYS ...................................................................................................................... 57
HOOFDSTUK 16: DALENDE PATHWAYS ......................................................................................................... 58
ALGEMEEN ........................................................................................................................................................ 58
DALENDE MOTORISCHE PATHWAYS................................................................................................................. 59
TRACTUS CORTICOSPINALIS ......................................................................................................................... 59
TRACTUS RETICULOSPINALIS ....................................................................................................................... 60
TRACTUS TECTOSPINALIS ............................................................................................................................. 60
TRACTUS VESTIBULOSPINALIS ..................................................................................................................... 60
TRACTUS RAPHESPINALIS ............................................................................................................................ 60
AMINERGE PATHWAYS ................................................................................................................................ 60
CENTRALE AUTONOME PATHWAYS............................................................................................................. 60
BLOEDVOORZIENING VAN HET RUGGENMERG ................................................................................................ 61
HOOFDSTUK 17: HERSENSTAM ..................................................................................................................... 62
DCML PATHWAY ............................................................................................................................................... 62
TRACTUS CORTICOSPINALIS .............................................................................................................................. 63
HOOFDSTUK 18: CRANIALE ZENUWEN (IX – X – XI – XII) ................................................................................ 65
NERVUS HYPOGLOSSUS (XII) ............................................................................................................................. 65
NERVUS ACCESSORIUS (XI) ............................................................................................................................... 65
NERVUS GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS......................................................................................................................... 65
NERVUS VAGUS ................................................................................................................................................ 66
HOOFDSTUK 21: NERVUS TRIGEMINALIS....................................................................................................... 67
MOTOR NUCLEUS ............................................................................................................................................. 67
SENSORISCHE NUCLEI ....................................................................................................................................... 67
NUCLEUS MESENCEPHALICUS ..................................................................................................................... 67
NUCLEUS PONTIS ......................................................................................................................................... 67
NUCLEUS SPINALIS ....................................................................................................................................... 67
INNERVATIE VAN CEREBRALE ARTERIËN .......................................................................................................... 68
TRACTUS TRIGEMINOTHALAMICUS .................................................................................................................. 68
KAUWPROCES ................................................................................................................................................... 68
Younes Staepels 4
