WGU D278 Scripting and
Programming - Foundations
!= - answer A __ b means a is not equal to b.
_ - Answer_ is called an underscore.
< - answer A __ b means a is less-than b.
<= - answer A __ b means a is less-than-or-equal to b.
== - answer A __ b means a is equal to b.
> - answer A __ b means a is greater-than b.
>= - answer A __ b means a is greater-than-or-equal to b.
0-1 knapsack problem - answer__: The knapsack problem with the quantity of each item
limited to 1.
abstract data type / ADT - answerAn abstract data type (ADT) is a data type whose
creation and update are constrained to specific well-defined operations.
Abstraction / information hiding / encapsulation - answerAbstraction means to have a
user interact with an item at a high-level, with lower-level internal details hidden from the
user (aka information hiding or encapsulation).
activity diagram - answerA UML __ is a flowchart, similar to zyFlowchart, used to
describe the flow of an activity or set of activities.
addition / + - answerThe addition operator is +, as in x + y.
agile approach / spiral approach - answerA program can be built by doing small
amounts of each SDLC phases in sequence, and then repeating, known as the agile
approach (or spiral approach).
agricultural age - answerCivilization's earlier __ lasted many thousands of years.
algorithm - answerAn __ is a sequence of steps that solves a problem, generating
correct output for any valid input values.
,Algorithm efficiency - answer__ is typically measured by the algorithm's computational
complexity.
algorithm time efficiency - answerAlgorithm time efficiency: The number of calculations
required to solve a problem.
analysis - answerThe __ phase determines the goals and requirements for a system.
argument - answerAn __ is a value provided to a function's parameter during a function
call. Any function input values, or __, appear within ( ), and are separated by commas if
more than one.
array - answerAn __ is a special variable having one name, but storing a list of data
items, with each item being directly accessible.
ASCII - answer__ is a popular code for characters.
assignment statement - answerAn __ assigns the variable on the left-side of the = with
the current value of the right-side expression.
auxiliary space complexity - answerAn algorithm's __ is the space complexity not
including the input data.
behavioral diagram - answerA __ visualizes dynamic behavior of software, such as the
flow of an algorithm.
best case - answerAn algorithm's __ is the scenario where the algorithm does the
minimum possible number of operations.
binary numbers - answerComputers can only represent two values (0 or 1), so base two
numbers, known as __ ("bi" refers to two).
Binary search - answer__ is a faster algorithm for searching a list if the list's elements
are sorted and directly accessible (such as an array). Divides an item into two halves,
runs a test to decide in which half something lies, and repeats the binary search on that
half.
bit - answerA single 0 or 1 is called a __.
Boolean - answerA __ is a type that has just two values: true or false.
braces - answer{ } are __ .
brackets - answer[ ] are __ .
, branch - answerIn a program, a __ is a sequence of statements only executed under a
certain condition.
bug / debugging - answerIn a program, a problem's cause is called a bug, and
troubleshooting is called debugging.
byte - answerEight bits, like 11000101, are called a __.
case sensitive - answerIdentifiers are __, meaning upper and lower case letters differ.
character - answerA __ includes any letter (a-z, A-Z), digit (0-9), or symbol (~, !, @,
etc.).
class - answerA __ is a code blueprint for creating an object that is composed of data
members and functions that operate on those data members.
class diagram - answerA UML __ is a structural diagram that can be used to visually
model the classes of a computer program, including data members and functions.
comment - answerA __ is text a programmer adds to a program, to be read by humans
to better understand the code, but ignored by the program when executing.
compiled language / compiler - answerA program written in a compiled language is first
converted by a tool (compiler) into machine code, which can run on a particular
machine.
Computational complexity - answer__ is the amount of resources used by the algorithm.
computational problem - answerA __ specifies an input, a question about the input that
can be answered using a computer, and the desired output.
computational thinking - answerThe thought processes needed to build correct, precise,
logical programs is sometimes called __ and has benefits beyond programming.
computer chip - answerBy the 1970's, an entire computer could fit on one coin-sized
device known as a __.
constant - answerA __ is a named value item that holds a value that cannot change.
Coral - answer__: A simple language for learning to program.
cursor - answerA __ indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output.
debug output statements - answerAnother debugging process is to insert __ whose
output helps determine whether the preceding statement has the bug.
Programming - Foundations
!= - answer A __ b means a is not equal to b.
_ - Answer_ is called an underscore.
< - answer A __ b means a is less-than b.
<= - answer A __ b means a is less-than-or-equal to b.
== - answer A __ b means a is equal to b.
> - answer A __ b means a is greater-than b.
>= - answer A __ b means a is greater-than-or-equal to b.
0-1 knapsack problem - answer__: The knapsack problem with the quantity of each item
limited to 1.
abstract data type / ADT - answerAn abstract data type (ADT) is a data type whose
creation and update are constrained to specific well-defined operations.
Abstraction / information hiding / encapsulation - answerAbstraction means to have a
user interact with an item at a high-level, with lower-level internal details hidden from the
user (aka information hiding or encapsulation).
activity diagram - answerA UML __ is a flowchart, similar to zyFlowchart, used to
describe the flow of an activity or set of activities.
addition / + - answerThe addition operator is +, as in x + y.
agile approach / spiral approach - answerA program can be built by doing small
amounts of each SDLC phases in sequence, and then repeating, known as the agile
approach (or spiral approach).
agricultural age - answerCivilization's earlier __ lasted many thousands of years.
algorithm - answerAn __ is a sequence of steps that solves a problem, generating
correct output for any valid input values.
,Algorithm efficiency - answer__ is typically measured by the algorithm's computational
complexity.
algorithm time efficiency - answerAlgorithm time efficiency: The number of calculations
required to solve a problem.
analysis - answerThe __ phase determines the goals and requirements for a system.
argument - answerAn __ is a value provided to a function's parameter during a function
call. Any function input values, or __, appear within ( ), and are separated by commas if
more than one.
array - answerAn __ is a special variable having one name, but storing a list of data
items, with each item being directly accessible.
ASCII - answer__ is a popular code for characters.
assignment statement - answerAn __ assigns the variable on the left-side of the = with
the current value of the right-side expression.
auxiliary space complexity - answerAn algorithm's __ is the space complexity not
including the input data.
behavioral diagram - answerA __ visualizes dynamic behavior of software, such as the
flow of an algorithm.
best case - answerAn algorithm's __ is the scenario where the algorithm does the
minimum possible number of operations.
binary numbers - answerComputers can only represent two values (0 or 1), so base two
numbers, known as __ ("bi" refers to two).
Binary search - answer__ is a faster algorithm for searching a list if the list's elements
are sorted and directly accessible (such as an array). Divides an item into two halves,
runs a test to decide in which half something lies, and repeats the binary search on that
half.
bit - answerA single 0 or 1 is called a __.
Boolean - answerA __ is a type that has just two values: true or false.
braces - answer{ } are __ .
brackets - answer[ ] are __ .
, branch - answerIn a program, a __ is a sequence of statements only executed under a
certain condition.
bug / debugging - answerIn a program, a problem's cause is called a bug, and
troubleshooting is called debugging.
byte - answerEight bits, like 11000101, are called a __.
case sensitive - answerIdentifiers are __, meaning upper and lower case letters differ.
character - answerA __ includes any letter (a-z, A-Z), digit (0-9), or symbol (~, !, @,
etc.).
class - answerA __ is a code blueprint for creating an object that is composed of data
members and functions that operate on those data members.
class diagram - answerA UML __ is a structural diagram that can be used to visually
model the classes of a computer program, including data members and functions.
comment - answerA __ is text a programmer adds to a program, to be read by humans
to better understand the code, but ignored by the program when executing.
compiled language / compiler - answerA program written in a compiled language is first
converted by a tool (compiler) into machine code, which can run on a particular
machine.
Computational complexity - answer__ is the amount of resources used by the algorithm.
computational problem - answerA __ specifies an input, a question about the input that
can be answered using a computer, and the desired output.
computational thinking - answerThe thought processes needed to build correct, precise,
logical programs is sometimes called __ and has benefits beyond programming.
computer chip - answerBy the 1970's, an entire computer could fit on one coin-sized
device known as a __.
constant - answerA __ is a named value item that holds a value that cannot change.
Coral - answer__: A simple language for learning to program.
cursor - answerA __ indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output.
debug output statements - answerAnother debugging process is to insert __ whose
output helps determine whether the preceding statement has the bug.
