DIGITAL ORGANISATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
hc1: 27 september 2023: Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................3
hc2: 4 oktober 2023: chapter 1: Information systems in global business today ..............................................................................5
1.1 How are information systems transforming business, and why are they so essential for running and managing a business
today? ........................................................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 What is an information system? How does it work? What are its management, organization, and technology components?
Why are complementary assets essential for ensuring that information systems provide genuine value for organizations? ......7
hc3: 11 oktober 2023: Chapter 2: Glabal e-Business and collaboration .........................................................................................12
2.1 What are business processes? How are they related to information systems? ....................................................................12
2.2 How do systems serve the different management groups in a business, and how do systems that link the enterprise
improve organizational performance? ......................................................................................................................................15
2.3 Why are systems for collaboration and social business so important, and what technologies do they use? ........................20
2.4 What is the role of the information systems function in a business ....................................................................................22
hc4: 18 oktober 2023: Chapter 3: Information systems, organizations and strategy .....................................................................23
3.1 Which features of organizations do managers need to know about to build and use information systems successfully? ....23
3.2 What is the impact of information systems on organizations? ............................................................................................26
3.3 How do Porter’s competitive forces model, the value chain model, synergies, core competencies, and network economics
help copanies develop competitive strategies usting information systems? .............................................................................28
3.4 What are the challegnes posed by strategic information systems, and how should they be adressed? ...............................33
hc5: 25 oktober 2023: Chapter 8: Securing Information Systems ..................................................................................................35
8.1 Why are information systems vulnerable to destruction, error, and abuse? .......................................................................35
8.2 What is the business value of security and control? ............................................................................................................39
8.3 What are the components of an organizational framework for security and control? .........................................................40
8.4 What are the most important tools and technologies for safeguarding information resources? .........................................42
hc6: 8 november 2023: Chapter 9: Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications................46
9.1 How do enterprise systems help businesses achieve operational excellence? ....................................................................46
9.2 How do supply chain management systems coordinate planning, production, and logistics with suppliers? .......................49
9.3 How do customer relationship management systems help firms achieve customer intimacy? ............................................52
9.4 What are the challenges that enterprise applications pose, and how are enterprise applications taking advantage of new
technologies? ...........................................................................................................................................................................54
hc7: 15 november 2023: Chapter 10: E-commerce : Digital Markets, Digital Goods ......................................................................55
10.1 What are the unique features of e-commerce, digital markets, and digital goods? ...........................................................55
10.2 What are the principal e-commerce business and revenue models? .................................................................................58
10.3 How has e-commerce transformed marketing? ................................................................................................................60
10.4 How has e-commerce affected business-to-business transactions? ..................................................................................62
10.5 What is the role of m-commerce in business, and what are the most important m-commerce applications? ...................63
10.6 What issues must be addressed when building an e-commerce presence? .......................................................................63
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,hc8: 22 november 2023: Chapter 11: Managing Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence .................................................................65
11.1 What is the role of knowledge management systems in business? ...................................................................................65
11.2 What are artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning? How do businesses use AI? .....................................................68
11.3 What types of systems are used for enterprise wide knowledge management, and how do they provide value for
businesses? ..............................................................................................................................................................................72
11.4 What are the major types of knowledge work systems, and how do they provide value for the firm? ..............................73
hc9: 29 november 2023: Chapter 12: Enhancing Decision Making ................................................................................................74
12.1 What are the different types of decisions, and how does the decision making process work? ..........................................74
12.3 How do business intelligence and business analytics support decision making?................................................................75
12.4 How do different decision making constituencies in an organization use business intelligence, and what is the role of
information systems in helping people working in a group make decisions more efficiently? ...................................................77
hc10: 13 december 2023: Innovative Technologies ......................................................................................................................80
Internet of Things (IoT) .............................................................................................................................................................81
Vertical and horizontal integration ...........................................................................................................................................82
Digital Twin & Simulation .........................................................................................................................................................84
Big Data & Advanced Analytics .................................................................................................................................................85
Artifical Intelligence ..................................................................................................................................................................86
Cloud ........................................................................................................................................................................................87
Augmented and Virtual reality (AR/VR) ....................................................................................................................................87
Blockchain ................................................................................................................................................................................88
Robotization .............................................................................................................................................................................88
Drones and self-driving vehicles ...............................................................................................................................................88
3D printing ...............................................................................................................................................................................89
Quantum computing & 5G & … .................................................................................................................................................89
Building digital organisations ....................................................................................................................................................89
hc11: 20 december 2023: Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................................90
Important feedback from the group assignment ......................................................................................................................90
Exam info .................................................................................................................................................................................90
Exam questions ........................................................................................................................................................................91
8 november 2023: Guest Lecture KPMG: how hackers operatein the digital area .........................................................................92
15 november 2023: Guest Lecture Delaware: Achieving operational excellence (Umicore case) ..................................................96
22 november 2023: Guest Lecture Bol.com: ............................................................................................................................... 100
29 november 2023: Guest Lecture Umicore: Artificial Intelligence in practice ............................................................................ 103
6 december 2023: Guest Lecture kPMG Lighthouse: Business analytics ...................................................................................... 108
6 december 2023: Guest Lecture KVBV: Data strategy (+optional deep-dive behind the scenes) ................................................ 111
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,HC1: 27 SEPTEMBER 2023: INTRODUCTION
Information technologies
• Enterprise applications (ERP, CRM, SCM) foundations that every company has
• E-commerce and M-commerce how offer to customers + mobile commerce
• Knowledge management systems (KMS) Belgium: knowledge as one of the most important assets – how to manage?
• Emerging digital solutions (AI, cloud, augmented, VR, ..)
• Business Intelligence and analytics
• Cybersecurity
How does companies manage their information technologies??
Technology is only one piece of the puzzle
how can we make sure the technology will be used?
• Digitizing organizations is an architectural exercise with following building blocks:
o Technology
o Organization
o Management
• Implementing information systems and technology alone does not deliver a competitive advantage
Digital organization = a digital organization implements information systems to realize its strategic objectives in order to
achieve a competitive advantage (technology for strategic objectives → beat competitors)
Strategies for a competitive advantage
• Lowest cost
o Fe: Ryanair → reduce costs to sell tickets at lower price = an advantage to beat other companies
they use an app where you can do everything like for example changing your flight, think about an alternative
without an app, to do it another way costs a lot of money + they want us to have an easy and happy life
• Differentiated product
o Fe: Tesla → started building electric cars, different from the others: by ordering a tesla you’ve got a limited
amount of options. Tesla decided to use technology and invest to make differentiated products: everything is
on this tablet
• Market niche
o Parts of market who don’t want standard products (small part)
o Fe: yoghurt: lactose intolerance, more protein, … → interesting, because they want to pay more!!
o Fe: Brauzz → Belgian startup: laundry soap: standard a lot of water in it, now laundry sheets (small box same
amount as a big bottle = sustainable) → technology: mostly social media marketing technology in a total
different way
• Customer and supplier intimacy
o Build relationship with customer so you can keep them
o Fe: Netflix → subscription and keep them for the rest of your life: they try to get to know you & want to know
what you like: they invest a lot in data collection and AI algorithms to show what are at the moment the best
movies/series for you
Role of information systems
• Supporting the current course
• Driver for fundamental change of the current course or the current business model
o Fe: Netflix → first a DVD offering company (DVD’s at home) → technology has changed what they do
• Source of new companies and industries
o Fe: Cambio → app: tomorrow I want to drive to Antwerp at that time → possible because of technology →
company build around this technology
▪ What if more and more people starts to use Cambio? What’s the future for you as a car dealer?? As a
carwash?? → impact on the entire industry and how we live
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, On the lookout for
• Technological innovation
• Competitors
• Customers
• Society
• government
You need to be aware of these all the time, these are factors that are constantly changing
Digital organization = a digital organization implements information systems to realize its strategic objectives in order to
achieve a competitive advantage in a rapidly changing environment (you need to be aware of
everything)
Triple P
• Profit
• People
• Planet
You need to invest in all the 3: how can you create an environment nice to work in?
Digital organization = a digital organization implements information systems to realize its strategic objectives in order to
achieve a competitive advantage and create stakeholder value in a rapidly changing environment
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
hc1: 27 september 2023: Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................3
hc2: 4 oktober 2023: chapter 1: Information systems in global business today ..............................................................................5
1.1 How are information systems transforming business, and why are they so essential for running and managing a business
today? ........................................................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 What is an information system? How does it work? What are its management, organization, and technology components?
Why are complementary assets essential for ensuring that information systems provide genuine value for organizations? ......7
hc3: 11 oktober 2023: Chapter 2: Glabal e-Business and collaboration .........................................................................................12
2.1 What are business processes? How are they related to information systems? ....................................................................12
2.2 How do systems serve the different management groups in a business, and how do systems that link the enterprise
improve organizational performance? ......................................................................................................................................15
2.3 Why are systems for collaboration and social business so important, and what technologies do they use? ........................20
2.4 What is the role of the information systems function in a business ....................................................................................22
hc4: 18 oktober 2023: Chapter 3: Information systems, organizations and strategy .....................................................................23
3.1 Which features of organizations do managers need to know about to build and use information systems successfully? ....23
3.2 What is the impact of information systems on organizations? ............................................................................................26
3.3 How do Porter’s competitive forces model, the value chain model, synergies, core competencies, and network economics
help copanies develop competitive strategies usting information systems? .............................................................................28
3.4 What are the challegnes posed by strategic information systems, and how should they be adressed? ...............................33
hc5: 25 oktober 2023: Chapter 8: Securing Information Systems ..................................................................................................35
8.1 Why are information systems vulnerable to destruction, error, and abuse? .......................................................................35
8.2 What is the business value of security and control? ............................................................................................................39
8.3 What are the components of an organizational framework for security and control? .........................................................40
8.4 What are the most important tools and technologies for safeguarding information resources? .........................................42
hc6: 8 november 2023: Chapter 9: Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy: Enterprise Applications................46
9.1 How do enterprise systems help businesses achieve operational excellence? ....................................................................46
9.2 How do supply chain management systems coordinate planning, production, and logistics with suppliers? .......................49
9.3 How do customer relationship management systems help firms achieve customer intimacy? ............................................52
9.4 What are the challenges that enterprise applications pose, and how are enterprise applications taking advantage of new
technologies? ...........................................................................................................................................................................54
hc7: 15 november 2023: Chapter 10: E-commerce : Digital Markets, Digital Goods ......................................................................55
10.1 What are the unique features of e-commerce, digital markets, and digital goods? ...........................................................55
10.2 What are the principal e-commerce business and revenue models? .................................................................................58
10.3 How has e-commerce transformed marketing? ................................................................................................................60
10.4 How has e-commerce affected business-to-business transactions? ..................................................................................62
10.5 What is the role of m-commerce in business, and what are the most important m-commerce applications? ...................63
10.6 What issues must be addressed when building an e-commerce presence? .......................................................................63
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,hc8: 22 november 2023: Chapter 11: Managing Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence .................................................................65
11.1 What is the role of knowledge management systems in business? ...................................................................................65
11.2 What are artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning? How do businesses use AI? .....................................................68
11.3 What types of systems are used for enterprise wide knowledge management, and how do they provide value for
businesses? ..............................................................................................................................................................................72
11.4 What are the major types of knowledge work systems, and how do they provide value for the firm? ..............................73
hc9: 29 november 2023: Chapter 12: Enhancing Decision Making ................................................................................................74
12.1 What are the different types of decisions, and how does the decision making process work? ..........................................74
12.3 How do business intelligence and business analytics support decision making?................................................................75
12.4 How do different decision making constituencies in an organization use business intelligence, and what is the role of
information systems in helping people working in a group make decisions more efficiently? ...................................................77
hc10: 13 december 2023: Innovative Technologies ......................................................................................................................80
Internet of Things (IoT) .............................................................................................................................................................81
Vertical and horizontal integration ...........................................................................................................................................82
Digital Twin & Simulation .........................................................................................................................................................84
Big Data & Advanced Analytics .................................................................................................................................................85
Artifical Intelligence ..................................................................................................................................................................86
Cloud ........................................................................................................................................................................................87
Augmented and Virtual reality (AR/VR) ....................................................................................................................................87
Blockchain ................................................................................................................................................................................88
Robotization .............................................................................................................................................................................88
Drones and self-driving vehicles ...............................................................................................................................................88
3D printing ...............................................................................................................................................................................89
Quantum computing & 5G & … .................................................................................................................................................89
Building digital organisations ....................................................................................................................................................89
hc11: 20 december 2023: Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................................90
Important feedback from the group assignment ......................................................................................................................90
Exam info .................................................................................................................................................................................90
Exam questions ........................................................................................................................................................................91
8 november 2023: Guest Lecture KPMG: how hackers operatein the digital area .........................................................................92
15 november 2023: Guest Lecture Delaware: Achieving operational excellence (Umicore case) ..................................................96
22 november 2023: Guest Lecture Bol.com: ............................................................................................................................... 100
29 november 2023: Guest Lecture Umicore: Artificial Intelligence in practice ............................................................................ 103
6 december 2023: Guest Lecture kPMG Lighthouse: Business analytics ...................................................................................... 108
6 december 2023: Guest Lecture KVBV: Data strategy (+optional deep-dive behind the scenes) ................................................ 111
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,HC1: 27 SEPTEMBER 2023: INTRODUCTION
Information technologies
• Enterprise applications (ERP, CRM, SCM) foundations that every company has
• E-commerce and M-commerce how offer to customers + mobile commerce
• Knowledge management systems (KMS) Belgium: knowledge as one of the most important assets – how to manage?
• Emerging digital solutions (AI, cloud, augmented, VR, ..)
• Business Intelligence and analytics
• Cybersecurity
How does companies manage their information technologies??
Technology is only one piece of the puzzle
how can we make sure the technology will be used?
• Digitizing organizations is an architectural exercise with following building blocks:
o Technology
o Organization
o Management
• Implementing information systems and technology alone does not deliver a competitive advantage
Digital organization = a digital organization implements information systems to realize its strategic objectives in order to
achieve a competitive advantage (technology for strategic objectives → beat competitors)
Strategies for a competitive advantage
• Lowest cost
o Fe: Ryanair → reduce costs to sell tickets at lower price = an advantage to beat other companies
they use an app where you can do everything like for example changing your flight, think about an alternative
without an app, to do it another way costs a lot of money + they want us to have an easy and happy life
• Differentiated product
o Fe: Tesla → started building electric cars, different from the others: by ordering a tesla you’ve got a limited
amount of options. Tesla decided to use technology and invest to make differentiated products: everything is
on this tablet
• Market niche
o Parts of market who don’t want standard products (small part)
o Fe: yoghurt: lactose intolerance, more protein, … → interesting, because they want to pay more!!
o Fe: Brauzz → Belgian startup: laundry soap: standard a lot of water in it, now laundry sheets (small box same
amount as a big bottle = sustainable) → technology: mostly social media marketing technology in a total
different way
• Customer and supplier intimacy
o Build relationship with customer so you can keep them
o Fe: Netflix → subscription and keep them for the rest of your life: they try to get to know you & want to know
what you like: they invest a lot in data collection and AI algorithms to show what are at the moment the best
movies/series for you
Role of information systems
• Supporting the current course
• Driver for fundamental change of the current course or the current business model
o Fe: Netflix → first a DVD offering company (DVD’s at home) → technology has changed what they do
• Source of new companies and industries
o Fe: Cambio → app: tomorrow I want to drive to Antwerp at that time → possible because of technology →
company build around this technology
▪ What if more and more people starts to use Cambio? What’s the future for you as a car dealer?? As a
carwash?? → impact on the entire industry and how we live
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, On the lookout for
• Technological innovation
• Competitors
• Customers
• Society
• government
You need to be aware of these all the time, these are factors that are constantly changing
Digital organization = a digital organization implements information systems to realize its strategic objectives in order to
achieve a competitive advantage in a rapidly changing environment (you need to be aware of
everything)
Triple P
• Profit
• People
• Planet
You need to invest in all the 3: how can you create an environment nice to work in?
Digital organization = a digital organization implements information systems to realize its strategic objectives in order to
achieve a competitive advantage and create stakeholder value in a rapidly changing environment
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