Chapter 1
Open system:
Both mass and energy can cross the boundary.
Molar flow (mol/s)
Closed system:
No mass crosses the boundary.
Characterised by its properties (P1, T1, V1, U1, H1, S1, G1, etc.)
Isolated system:
Neither mass nor energy crosses the boundary.
Extensive properties:
Depend on size.
Adiabatic process:
No heat transfer across the system boundary.
Isothermal process:
Temperature of system remains constant.
Isobaric process:
Pressure of system remains constant.
Isochoric process:
Volume of system remains constant.
Equilibrium:
Only closed systems which are in steady state.
Mechanical Equilibrium:
Psys = Psurr
Thermal Equilibrium:
Tsys = Tsurr
Volume (V): Extensive
V (m3)
V V 1 v (m3/mol)
v v̂
n m v (m3/kg)
ρ (kg/m3)
1
Open system:
Both mass and energy can cross the boundary.
Molar flow (mol/s)
Closed system:
No mass crosses the boundary.
Characterised by its properties (P1, T1, V1, U1, H1, S1, G1, etc.)
Isolated system:
Neither mass nor energy crosses the boundary.
Extensive properties:
Depend on size.
Adiabatic process:
No heat transfer across the system boundary.
Isothermal process:
Temperature of system remains constant.
Isobaric process:
Pressure of system remains constant.
Isochoric process:
Volume of system remains constant.
Equilibrium:
Only closed systems which are in steady state.
Mechanical Equilibrium:
Psys = Psurr
Thermal Equilibrium:
Tsys = Tsurr
Volume (V): Extensive
V (m3)
V V 1 v (m3/mol)
v v̂
n m v (m3/kg)
ρ (kg/m3)
1
