PRNU 200 Midterm Review: Surgical Phases And
Anesthesia Exam Study Set
POP - ANSWER Preoperative, Operative, Post Op
Peri-operative - ANSWER Combination of Preoperative, Operative, and Postoperative
phases, also known as intraoperative
Preoperative Phase - ANSWER Begins when the decision for surgery is made, Ends
when the client is transferred to the operating table
Nursing Goals - ANSWER Inform patient of expectations, Reduce anxiety, Decrease
surgery complications
Operative phase - ANSWER Starts when client is transferred to the operating table,
Ends when transferred to recovery room (RR, PAR, PACU)
Nursing Activities - ANSWER Include specialized procedures to maintain a safe
therapeutic environment
Postoperative Phase - ANSWER Begins with client admission to RR, ends when healing
is complete, aims for optimal health status
Types of Anesthesia - ANSWER General, Regional, Conscious Sedation
General Anesthesia - ANSWER Causes loss of consciousness, sensation, reflexes, pain
perception, and memory
Advantages of General Anesthesia - ANSWER Regulated respiratory and cardiac
function, adjustable to operation length and client's status
Disadvantages of General Anesthesia - ANSWER Depresses respiratory and circulatory
systems, potential complications include seizures, nausea, death
Regional Anesthetics - ANSWER Block nerve impulses in a specific area, client remains
conscious
Types of Regional Anesthetics - ANSWER Include topical anesthesia, local anesthesia,
nerve block, intravenous block, spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia
Spinal Anesthesia - ANSWER Administered below L2 to avoid spinal cord piercing
Complications of Epidurals and Spinals - ANSWER Include allergic reactions, equipment
problems, infection, spinal headache
Conscious Sedation - ANSWER Uses IV narcotics to reduce pain intensity without loss of
reflexes
Advantages of Conscious Sedation - ANSWER Short-acting, easily reversible, patient
, has minimal memory of the procedure
Complications of Conscious Sedation - ANSWER Include respiratory depression,
hypotension, over sedation, agitation
Types of Surgery - ANSWER Diagnostic, Palliative, Ablative, Constructive, Transplant,
Elective, Emergency
Risks for Surgery - ANSWER Depend on general health, CPAP use, age, fluid balance,
mental health, medications
Preoperative Checklist - ANSWER Includes health history, physical assessment, lab
studies, endoscopy requisition
PARR - ANSWER Post anesthesia recovery room for post-surgery monitoring and
specialized care
Complications of Surgery - ANSWER Include blood loss, pneumonia, infection,
thrombophlebitis, urinary retention
Straight Catheter - ANSWER No balloon, used for in and out catheterization
Coudee Tip Catheter - ANSWER Used for enlarged prostate
CBI - ANSWER Continuous Bladder Irrigation
Macrodrip vs. Microdrip - ANSWER Macrodrip delivers 10-20 drops per min, microdrip is
more precise at 60 gtts/ml
Purposes of IV Therapy - ANSWER Provide or correct electrolytes, administer
medications, maintain vein access
Crystalloids and Colloids for IV Fluids - ANSWER Crystalloids include isotonic,
hypertonic, hypotonic; colloids maintain or correct nutritional status
Operative Phase - ANSWER Begins when the client is transferred to the operating table,
ends when the client is transferred to the recovery room
Topical Anesthesia - ANSWER Anesthetic applied directly to skin, mucous membranes,
or open skin surfaces for rapid absorption
Local Anesthesia - ANSWER Anesthetic infiltrated into a specific area for minor surgical
procedures
Nerve Block - ANSWER Anesthetic injected around a nerve to block sensation in a
Anesthesia Exam Study Set
POP - ANSWER Preoperative, Operative, Post Op
Peri-operative - ANSWER Combination of Preoperative, Operative, and Postoperative
phases, also known as intraoperative
Preoperative Phase - ANSWER Begins when the decision for surgery is made, Ends
when the client is transferred to the operating table
Nursing Goals - ANSWER Inform patient of expectations, Reduce anxiety, Decrease
surgery complications
Operative phase - ANSWER Starts when client is transferred to the operating table,
Ends when transferred to recovery room (RR, PAR, PACU)
Nursing Activities - ANSWER Include specialized procedures to maintain a safe
therapeutic environment
Postoperative Phase - ANSWER Begins with client admission to RR, ends when healing
is complete, aims for optimal health status
Types of Anesthesia - ANSWER General, Regional, Conscious Sedation
General Anesthesia - ANSWER Causes loss of consciousness, sensation, reflexes, pain
perception, and memory
Advantages of General Anesthesia - ANSWER Regulated respiratory and cardiac
function, adjustable to operation length and client's status
Disadvantages of General Anesthesia - ANSWER Depresses respiratory and circulatory
systems, potential complications include seizures, nausea, death
Regional Anesthetics - ANSWER Block nerve impulses in a specific area, client remains
conscious
Types of Regional Anesthetics - ANSWER Include topical anesthesia, local anesthesia,
nerve block, intravenous block, spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia
Spinal Anesthesia - ANSWER Administered below L2 to avoid spinal cord piercing
Complications of Epidurals and Spinals - ANSWER Include allergic reactions, equipment
problems, infection, spinal headache
Conscious Sedation - ANSWER Uses IV narcotics to reduce pain intensity without loss of
reflexes
Advantages of Conscious Sedation - ANSWER Short-acting, easily reversible, patient
, has minimal memory of the procedure
Complications of Conscious Sedation - ANSWER Include respiratory depression,
hypotension, over sedation, agitation
Types of Surgery - ANSWER Diagnostic, Palliative, Ablative, Constructive, Transplant,
Elective, Emergency
Risks for Surgery - ANSWER Depend on general health, CPAP use, age, fluid balance,
mental health, medications
Preoperative Checklist - ANSWER Includes health history, physical assessment, lab
studies, endoscopy requisition
PARR - ANSWER Post anesthesia recovery room for post-surgery monitoring and
specialized care
Complications of Surgery - ANSWER Include blood loss, pneumonia, infection,
thrombophlebitis, urinary retention
Straight Catheter - ANSWER No balloon, used for in and out catheterization
Coudee Tip Catheter - ANSWER Used for enlarged prostate
CBI - ANSWER Continuous Bladder Irrigation
Macrodrip vs. Microdrip - ANSWER Macrodrip delivers 10-20 drops per min, microdrip is
more precise at 60 gtts/ml
Purposes of IV Therapy - ANSWER Provide or correct electrolytes, administer
medications, maintain vein access
Crystalloids and Colloids for IV Fluids - ANSWER Crystalloids include isotonic,
hypertonic, hypotonic; colloids maintain or correct nutritional status
Operative Phase - ANSWER Begins when the client is transferred to the operating table,
ends when the client is transferred to the recovery room
Topical Anesthesia - ANSWER Anesthetic applied directly to skin, mucous membranes,
or open skin surfaces for rapid absorption
Local Anesthesia - ANSWER Anesthetic infiltrated into a specific area for minor surgical
procedures
Nerve Block - ANSWER Anesthetic injected around a nerve to block sensation in a
