HRM 6645 EXAM WITH 100% COMPLETE SOLUTION
PCN - ANSWER Parent Country national - an MNE employee who is a citizen of the
country where the Parent company is headquartered
HCN - ANSWER Host Country National - An employee of the MNE who is a citizen of the
country where the subsidiary is located.
TCN - ANSWER Third Country National - An employee of the MNE who is a citizen of
neither the host nor the parent country
MNE - ANSWER (MNE)Multinational enterprise, is a business entity, which conducts
business operations in various countries with its subsidiaries and affiliates. MNE s
possess considerable and wide human resources, finance, expertise, and technology as
well as enjoy substantial competitive advantage.
SME - ANSWER Small to medium-sized enterprise, a company with no more than 500
employees.
Index of Transnationality - ANSWER The transnationality index is calculated as the
average of three ratios: foreign assets to total assets, foreign sales to total sales and
foreign employment to total employment
Inpatriate - ANSWER An employee of a multinational company who is from a foreign
country, but is transferred from a foreign subsidiary to the corporation's headquarters.
Multidomestic Industry - ANSWER An industry in which competition takes place on a
country-by-country basis; competition in each country is essentially independent of
competition other countries - retail, distribution and insurance are examples.
Organizational Culture - ANSWER Corporate culture, is a strategic intangible scheme
that incorporates basic assumptions and values, which define the behavior, operation,
and activities of an organization. In other words, it is the general attitude, mood, and
motivation, or lack thereof, of the people in the company - sense of common identity and
purpose.
Tax Equalization - ANSWER When one is a taxpayer in one country, but works in another,
one may be subject to different taxation from if one had worked in one's home country,
or even to double taxation, even taking account of tax treaties between countries. Tax
equalization (or tax equalization) is the offsetting of any such difference so that working
abroad is tax neutral for the worker. The company will withhold an amount equal to the
home country tax will paying all host country obligations for the expatriate.
Artefacts (cultural) - ANSWER Visible organizational structures and processes.
Communitarianism - ANSWER An ideology which emphasizes the responsibility of the
individual to the community and the social importance of the family unit. Puts the rights
, of the group before the individual.
Diffuse Culture - ANSWER A culture in which public space and private space are similar
in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public
space affords entry into private space as well a large private life that includes a
relatively large number of people; a small public space that if difficult to enter (outsiders
need introduction) to do business; indirect communication that does not always say
what is really meant. Not clear distinction between work and private life.
High Context Communication - ANSWER A communication style where people state
things indirectly and implicitly. It uses restricted codes and contextual cues, exhibit
vague, implicit and indirect communication patterns.
Particularism - ANSWER Focus on individual cases, deciding what is good and correct
depending on relationships and special friendship arrangements
Power Distance - ANSWER Is the extent to which the lower ranking individuals of a
society "accept and expect that power is distributed unequally." It is primarily used in
psychological and sociological studies on societal management of inequalities between
individuals, and individual's perceptions of that management.
Spatial Distance - ANSWER Is the physical distance at which the events are taking place
from each other. If the event, such as a graduation, is taking place down the street, it is
being processed on a low level. If the graduation is taking place in another state, then it
is processed on a high level.
Uncertainty Avoidance - ANSWER A a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.
It reflects the extent to which members of a society attempt to cope with anxiety by
minimizing uncertainty.
Agents of Socialization - ANSWER The social institutions of our culture also inform our
socialization. Formal institutions—like schools, workplaces, and the government—teach
people how to behave in and navigate these systems. Other institutions, like the media,
contribute to socialization by inundating us with messages about norms and
expectations.
Chaebols - ANSWER (in South Korea) a large family-owned business conglomerate.
Greenfield investment - ANSWER A green field investment is a type of foreign direct
investment ( FDI) where a parent company builds its operations in a foreign country
from the ground up. In addition to the construction of new production facilities, these
projects can also include the building of new distribution hubs, offices and living
quarters.
Green field - ANSWER denoting or relating to previously undeveloped sites for
commercial development or exploitation.
Heterarchy - ANSWER A heterarchy is a system of organization where the elements of
the organization are unranked (non-hierarchical) or where they possess the potential to
PCN - ANSWER Parent Country national - an MNE employee who is a citizen of the
country where the Parent company is headquartered
HCN - ANSWER Host Country National - An employee of the MNE who is a citizen of the
country where the subsidiary is located.
TCN - ANSWER Third Country National - An employee of the MNE who is a citizen of
neither the host nor the parent country
MNE - ANSWER (MNE)Multinational enterprise, is a business entity, which conducts
business operations in various countries with its subsidiaries and affiliates. MNE s
possess considerable and wide human resources, finance, expertise, and technology as
well as enjoy substantial competitive advantage.
SME - ANSWER Small to medium-sized enterprise, a company with no more than 500
employees.
Index of Transnationality - ANSWER The transnationality index is calculated as the
average of three ratios: foreign assets to total assets, foreign sales to total sales and
foreign employment to total employment
Inpatriate - ANSWER An employee of a multinational company who is from a foreign
country, but is transferred from a foreign subsidiary to the corporation's headquarters.
Multidomestic Industry - ANSWER An industry in which competition takes place on a
country-by-country basis; competition in each country is essentially independent of
competition other countries - retail, distribution and insurance are examples.
Organizational Culture - ANSWER Corporate culture, is a strategic intangible scheme
that incorporates basic assumptions and values, which define the behavior, operation,
and activities of an organization. In other words, it is the general attitude, mood, and
motivation, or lack thereof, of the people in the company - sense of common identity and
purpose.
Tax Equalization - ANSWER When one is a taxpayer in one country, but works in another,
one may be subject to different taxation from if one had worked in one's home country,
or even to double taxation, even taking account of tax treaties between countries. Tax
equalization (or tax equalization) is the offsetting of any such difference so that working
abroad is tax neutral for the worker. The company will withhold an amount equal to the
home country tax will paying all host country obligations for the expatriate.
Artefacts (cultural) - ANSWER Visible organizational structures and processes.
Communitarianism - ANSWER An ideology which emphasizes the responsibility of the
individual to the community and the social importance of the family unit. Puts the rights
, of the group before the individual.
Diffuse Culture - ANSWER A culture in which public space and private space are similar
in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public
space affords entry into private space as well a large private life that includes a
relatively large number of people; a small public space that if difficult to enter (outsiders
need introduction) to do business; indirect communication that does not always say
what is really meant. Not clear distinction between work and private life.
High Context Communication - ANSWER A communication style where people state
things indirectly and implicitly. It uses restricted codes and contextual cues, exhibit
vague, implicit and indirect communication patterns.
Particularism - ANSWER Focus on individual cases, deciding what is good and correct
depending on relationships and special friendship arrangements
Power Distance - ANSWER Is the extent to which the lower ranking individuals of a
society "accept and expect that power is distributed unequally." It is primarily used in
psychological and sociological studies on societal management of inequalities between
individuals, and individual's perceptions of that management.
Spatial Distance - ANSWER Is the physical distance at which the events are taking place
from each other. If the event, such as a graduation, is taking place down the street, it is
being processed on a low level. If the graduation is taking place in another state, then it
is processed on a high level.
Uncertainty Avoidance - ANSWER A a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.
It reflects the extent to which members of a society attempt to cope with anxiety by
minimizing uncertainty.
Agents of Socialization - ANSWER The social institutions of our culture also inform our
socialization. Formal institutions—like schools, workplaces, and the government—teach
people how to behave in and navigate these systems. Other institutions, like the media,
contribute to socialization by inundating us with messages about norms and
expectations.
Chaebols - ANSWER (in South Korea) a large family-owned business conglomerate.
Greenfield investment - ANSWER A green field investment is a type of foreign direct
investment ( FDI) where a parent company builds its operations in a foreign country
from the ground up. In addition to the construction of new production facilities, these
projects can also include the building of new distribution hubs, offices and living
quarters.
Green field - ANSWER denoting or relating to previously undeveloped sites for
commercial development or exploitation.
Heterarchy - ANSWER A heterarchy is a system of organization where the elements of
the organization are unranked (non-hierarchical) or where they possess the potential to
