AP Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide; Questions with
Complete Solutions
List the differences between a prokaryotic & a eukaryotic cell. Correct answer-Eukaryotic
Cell:
- nucleus (has more DNA) that's bound by a double membrane
- endomembrane organelles in the cytosol (nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
apparatus, lysosomes, plasma membrane, various types of vesicles & vacuoles)
- typically larger
Prokaryotic Cell:
- no nucleus, but has DNA (circular chromosome) that is concentrated in the nucleoid that's not
bound by a membrane
- no endomembrane organelles
- typically smaller
List the similarities between a prokaryotic & a eukaryotic cell. Correct answer-- plasma
membrane
- cytosol (filler)
- chromosomes (carry genes in the form of DNA)
- ribosomes
- phospholipid bilayer
- vacuoles (Plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have multiple small vacuoles)
- cytoplasm
- cholesterol
, AP Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide; Questions with
Complete Solutions
Give two causes for size limits for certain cell types. Which would be considered the main
reason for size limits? Correct answer-The need for a surface area of sufficient area to
support the cell's metabolic needs is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells.
A large surface area : volume ratio is helpful because nutrients needed to sustain the cell enter
via the surface of the cell & are needed in quantities related to the cell volume.
The smaller the size of the object, the larger its surface area : volume ratio.
Ex: In the jelly auger cell lab, diffusion was most efficient in the smallest cube. The larger the
cube, the less diffusion occurs because volume increases faster.
- Surface area : volume ratio needs to be small.
- DNA overload - the larger you get, the bigger the result & the more stuff. It cannot handle all
the jobs it needs to do.
- As the cell gets bigger = the job of its DNA gets bigger
Function of Rough ER Correct answer-- Produces proteins for export (protein transport =
protein secretion*)
- Active & used in membrane synthesis (synthesizes phospholipids & proteins)
- Aids in synthesis of secretory & other proteins
- Makes membrane, phospholipids, structures
- Protein Production
, AP Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide; Questions with
Complete Solutions
Function of Smooth ER Correct answer-- Synthesizes lipids
- Metabolizes carbohydrates
- Detoxifies drugs & poison
- Has a collection of enzymes that detoxify drugs, especially in the LIVER
- Stores calcium ions
- Active in membrane synthesis
Function of Ribosomes Correct answer-- Make proteins
- Carry out protein synthesis
Function of Golgi Apparatus Correct answer-- Active in synthesis, modification, sorting, &
secretion of cell products
- Tags, sorts, & packages materials into transport vesicles ("UPS headquarters")
Function of Lysosomes Correct answer-- Breaks down ingested substances, cell
macromolecules, food (phagocytosis), & damaged organelles (autotrophy) for recycling
- Gets rid of damaged organelles & waste
- Mainly in Animal Cells
- Active during & help Apoptosis (cell suicide; self-destruct mechanism)
- Turgid (cell membrane is pushing against cell wall & makes the cell stiff)
Complete Solutions
List the differences between a prokaryotic & a eukaryotic cell. Correct answer-Eukaryotic
Cell:
- nucleus (has more DNA) that's bound by a double membrane
- endomembrane organelles in the cytosol (nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
apparatus, lysosomes, plasma membrane, various types of vesicles & vacuoles)
- typically larger
Prokaryotic Cell:
- no nucleus, but has DNA (circular chromosome) that is concentrated in the nucleoid that's not
bound by a membrane
- no endomembrane organelles
- typically smaller
List the similarities between a prokaryotic & a eukaryotic cell. Correct answer-- plasma
membrane
- cytosol (filler)
- chromosomes (carry genes in the form of DNA)
- ribosomes
- phospholipid bilayer
- vacuoles (Plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have multiple small vacuoles)
- cytoplasm
- cholesterol
, AP Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide; Questions with
Complete Solutions
Give two causes for size limits for certain cell types. Which would be considered the main
reason for size limits? Correct answer-The need for a surface area of sufficient area to
support the cell's metabolic needs is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells.
A large surface area : volume ratio is helpful because nutrients needed to sustain the cell enter
via the surface of the cell & are needed in quantities related to the cell volume.
The smaller the size of the object, the larger its surface area : volume ratio.
Ex: In the jelly auger cell lab, diffusion was most efficient in the smallest cube. The larger the
cube, the less diffusion occurs because volume increases faster.
- Surface area : volume ratio needs to be small.
- DNA overload - the larger you get, the bigger the result & the more stuff. It cannot handle all
the jobs it needs to do.
- As the cell gets bigger = the job of its DNA gets bigger
Function of Rough ER Correct answer-- Produces proteins for export (protein transport =
protein secretion*)
- Active & used in membrane synthesis (synthesizes phospholipids & proteins)
- Aids in synthesis of secretory & other proteins
- Makes membrane, phospholipids, structures
- Protein Production
, AP Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide; Questions with
Complete Solutions
Function of Smooth ER Correct answer-- Synthesizes lipids
- Metabolizes carbohydrates
- Detoxifies drugs & poison
- Has a collection of enzymes that detoxify drugs, especially in the LIVER
- Stores calcium ions
- Active in membrane synthesis
Function of Ribosomes Correct answer-- Make proteins
- Carry out protein synthesis
Function of Golgi Apparatus Correct answer-- Active in synthesis, modification, sorting, &
secretion of cell products
- Tags, sorts, & packages materials into transport vesicles ("UPS headquarters")
Function of Lysosomes Correct answer-- Breaks down ingested substances, cell
macromolecules, food (phagocytosis), & damaged organelles (autotrophy) for recycling
- Gets rid of damaged organelles & waste
- Mainly in Animal Cells
- Active during & help Apoptosis (cell suicide; self-destruct mechanism)
- Turgid (cell membrane is pushing against cell wall & makes the cell stiff)
