architectuur in context C
academiejaar 2023-2024
,
,LES 1: INLEIDING __________________________________________________________ 12
definities _______________________________________________________________________________ 12
landschap _____________________________________________________________________________ 12
landschapsarchitectuur __________________________________________________________________ 12
belang van landschap in de 21e eeuw ________________________________________________________ 12
landschapsarchitectuur, architectuur, stedenbouw _____________________________________________ 12
inzichten________________________________________________________________________________ 13
wisselwerking met de context _____________________________________________________________ 13
landschapstraditie ______________________________________________________________________ 13
breed gedragen tendensen en persoonlijke benaderingen ______________________________________ 13
spanningsvelden _______________________________________________________________________ 13
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 14
LES 2: VOOR DE RENAISSANCE ________________________________________________ 24
inleiding ________________________________________________________________________________ 24
de omsloten tuin _______________________________________________________________________ 24
tuin en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 24
perzische tuin ___________________________________________________________________________ 25
Grieks en Romeins landschap _______________________________________________________________ 25
grieken _____________________________________________________ Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd.
romeinen _____________________________________________________________________________ 25
middeleeuws landschap ___________________________________________________________________ 26
het chinese landschap _____________________________________________________________________ 26
het japanse landschap ____________________________________________________________________ 27
besluit _________________________________________________________________________________ 28
mens-natuur __________________________________________________________________________ 28
esthetiek en gebruik ____________________________________________________________________ 28
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 28
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 29
,LES 3: ITALIAANSE RENAISSANCE EN FRANSE BAROK _______________________________ 41
de architecturale tuin : italiaanse renaissance, 15e-16e eeuw _____________________________________ 41
de tuin van het perspectief: Villa Lante, Bagnaia ______________________________________________ 41
de maat van de rede: franse baroktuinen, 17e eeuw ____________________________________________ 41
perspectief en spel: de tuinen van Vaux-le-Vicomte ____________________________________________ 41
absolutisme: de tuinen van Versailles _______________________________________________________ 42
barok in de stad: tuinen van de Tuileries ____________________________________________________ 42
de erfenis van het formele: stedelijke landschappen inde 18e, 19e en 20e eeuw ______________________ 42
een nieuwe hoofdstad: plan van washinton, 18e eeuw _________________________________________ 42
heraanleg van parijs in de 19e eeuw ________________________________________________________ 42
besluit _________________________________________________________________________________ 43
mens en natuur ________________________________________________________________________ 43
esthetiek en gebruik ____________________________________________________________________ 43
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 43
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 44
LES 4: HET ENGELSE LANDSCHAPSPARK, HET PITTORESKE ___________________________ 47
engeland, 18e eeuw: de natuur herdacht ______________________________________________________ 47
landschapsontwerp als enscenering van de natuur: tuinen van Rousham (1738) _____________________ 47
landschap als beeld: william gilpin en de theorie van het pittoreske _______________________________ 47
landschap als beeld: tuinen van Stourhead __________________________________________________ 47
de perfectionering van een formule: Lancelot “capability” Brown en Humphry Repton________________ 47
het pittoreske en de industriële maatschappij ________________________________________________ 48
het pittoreske stedelijke park: londen in de 18e en 19e eeuw ____________________________________ 48
export van de Engelse landschapsstijl in de 19e eeuw ___________________________________________ 48
besluit _________________________________________________________________________________ 49
mens en natuur ________________________________________________________________________ 49
esthetiek en gebruik ____________________________________________________________________ 49
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 49
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 50
,LES 5: HET PUBLIEKE LANDSCHAP IN DE 19E EEUW ________________________________ 55
inleiding ________________________________________________________________________________ 55
openstellen van private domeinen in de 17e eeuw_____________________________________________ 55
bouw van de eerste stadsparken in de 19e eeuw ______________________________________________ 55
formele en pittoreske traditie in het parkontwerp van de 19e eeuw _______________________________ 55
het Parijs van Alphand ____________________________________________________________________ 56
Frankrijk en het Second Empire ___________________________________________________________ 56
Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand 1817-1891 ___________________________________________________ 56
Attitude: Techno-Natuur” ________________________________________________________________ 56
attitude: territoriale benadering ___________________________________________________________ 57
attitude: standaardisering ________________________________________________________________ 57
het new york en boston van frederick law Olmsted _____________________________________________ 57
verenigde staten in de tweede helft van de 19e eeuw __________________________________________ 57
Frederick Law Olmsted 1822-1903 _________________________________________________________ 58
attitude: social harmony _________________________________________________________________ 58
attitude: enscenering van de natuur ________________________________________________________ 59
attitude: holistische benadering ___________________________________________________________ 59
attitude: systemische benadering __________________________________________________________ 59
conclusie _______________________________________________________________________________ 60
mens en natuur ________________________________________________________________________ 60
estetiek en gebruik _____________________________________________________________________ 60
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 60
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 61
Bois de Boulogne als publiek park__________________________________________________________ 63
Parc des Buttes-Chaumont _______________________________________________________________ 64
Central park New York ___________________________________________________________________ 66
Boston park system _____________________________________________________________________ 67
,LES 6: TERUGKEER NAAR HET FORMELE EN EEN HERDEFINITIE VAN HET WILDE _________ 68
inleiding ________________________________________________________________________________ 68
maatschappelijke context ________________________________________________________________ 68
herdefinitie van het wilde ________________________________________________________________ 68
reginald blomfield versus william robinson ____________________________________________________ 69
blomfield en the formal garden in england___________________________________________________ 69
robinson en the wild galden ______________________________________________________________ 69
blomfield versus robinson ________________________________________________________________ 69
Gertrude jekyll ___________________________________________________________________________ 70
gertrude jekyll 1843-1932 ________________________________________________________________ 70
attitude: verzoening van het firmele met het wilde ____________________________________________ 70
attitude: schakeling van karakteristieke tuinkamers ____________________________________________ 70
attitude: horticulturele virtuositeit _________________________________________________________ 70
ondertussen in frankrijk ___________________________________________________________________ 70
jean-claude nicolas forestier ______________________________________________________________ 70
conclusie _______________________________________________________________________________ 71
mens en natuur ________________________________________________________________________ 71
esthetiek en gebruik ____________________________________________________________________ 71
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 71
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 72
Munstead wood________________________________________________________________________ 74
Deanery Garden________________________________________________________________________ 74
Folly farm _____________________________________________________________________________ 74
,LES 7: MODERNISME , LANDSCHAP OP ZOEK NAAR EEN NIEUWE TAAL ________________ 76
inleiding ________________________________________________________________________________ 76
maatschappelijke context ________________________________________________________________ 76
wat is modernisme? ____________________________________________________________________ 76
modernisme in de landschapsarchitectuur ___________________________________________________ 77
gemeenschappelijke elementen ___________________________________________________________ 77
spanningsvelden _______________________________________________________________________ 77
focus op 4 sleutelfiguren _________________________________________________________________ 78
Gabriel Guevrékian in Frankrijk _____________________________________________________________ 78
korte biografie _________________________________________________________________________ 78
attitude Tableau Jardin __________________________________________________________________ 78
attitude instant garden __________________________________________________________________ 78
Jean Canneel-Claes in België________________________________________________________________ 78
korte biografie _________________________________________________________________________ 78
attitude manifest AIAJM _________________________________________________________________ 78
attitude de functionele tuin ______________________________________________________________ 78
attitude ruimtelijke benadering____________________________________________________________ 79
attitude elementair ontwerp ______________________________________________________________ 79
attitude werken met de specificiteit van de plek ______________________________________________ 79
Leberecht Migge in Duitsland _______________________________________________________________ 79
korte biografie _________________________________________________________________________ 79
attitude de architecturale tuin ____________________________________________________________ 79
attitude typologische benadering __________________________________________________________ 80
attitude productiviteit ___________________________________________________________________ 80
attitude circulariteit en gebruik van natuurlijke processen ______________________________________ 82
Gudmund Nyeland Brandt in Denemarken ____________________________________________________ 82
korte biografie _________________________________________________________________________ 82
attitude de tuin van de toekomst __________________________________________________________ 82
attitude de tuin is 100% groen ____________________________________________________________ 82
attitude het gecultiveerde landschap als motief voor het tuinontwerp _____________________________ 83
attitude romantiek als belangrijke drijfveer voor het ontwerp van de tuin __________________________ 83
attitude geplant versus gegroeid ___________________________________________________________ 83
conclusie _______________________________________________________________________________ 84
mens en natuur ________________________________________________________________________ 84
esthetiek en gebruik ____________________________________________________________________ 84
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 84
,voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 85
Jardin d’eau et de lumière ________________________________________________________________ 86
Tuin voor de Villa Noailles ________________________________________________________________ 86
Villa Heim _____________________________________________________________________________ 87
Manifest AIAJM ________________________________________________________________________ 87
Tuin eigen woning ______________________________________________________________________ 88
Tuin woning Heeremans _________________________________________________________________ 89
Begraafplaats Verrewinkel ________________________________________________________________ 89
Rüstringen Stadspark ____________________________________________________________________ 93
Duitse Siedlungen ______________________________________________________________________ 93
De groeiende nederzetting _______________________________________________________________ 94
Eigen tuin _____________________________________________________________________________ 95
Renovatie van Marylist Tuin ______________________________________________________________ 96
LES 8: MODERNISME, LANDSCAPE FOR LIVING ___________________________________ 97
inleiding ________________________________________________________________________________ 97
maatschappelijke context ________________________________________________________________ 97
architectuur versus landschapsarchitectuur __________________________________________________ 97
manifesten moderne landschapsarchitectuur ________________________________________________ 97
focus op 2 sleutelfiguren _________________________________________________________________ 97
Garrett Eckbo in Amerika __________________________________________________________________ 98
korte biografie _________________________________________________________________________ 98
attitude landschape for living _____________________________________________________________ 98
attitude organic form in het humanized landscape ____________________________________________ 99
attitude material sensibility ______________________________________________________________ 100
Carl Theodor Sorensen in Denemarken ______________________________________________________ 100
korte biografie ________________________________________________________________________ 100
attitude ruimtelijkheid en precieze geometrie _______________________________________________ 100
attitude het elementaire ________________________________________________________________ 100
conclusie ______________________________________________________________________________ 101
mens en natuur _______________________________________________________________________ 101
esthetiek en gebruik ___________________________________________________________________ 101
site en territorium _____________________________________________________________________ 101
voorbeelden ___________________________________________________________________________ 102
Typical gadens ________________________________________________________________________ 105
Reseda development plan _______________________________________________________________ 105
ALCOA garden _______________________________________________ Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd.
Den Musikalske Have ___________________________________________________________________ 107
Site van de round factory _______________________________________________________________ 107
Universiteitscampus Arhus ______________________________________________________________ 107
Volkstuinen in Naerum _________________________________________________________________ 108
Openluchttheaters _____________________________________________________________________ 108
Openluchttheater Bellahoi ______________________________________________________________ 108
Openluchttheater Boeslunde ____________________________________________________________ 109
,LES 9: DESIGN WITH NATURE, LANDSCHAPSONTWERP EN ECOLOGIE _________________ 110
inleiding: historische situering _____________________________________________________________ 110
de romantiek: terug naar de natuur _______________________________________________________ 110
maatschappelijke reformatie en natuurbescherming __________________________________________ 110
de wilde tuin _________________________________________________________________________ 111
de Duitse Naturgarten __________________________________________________________________ 112
de Nederlandse Heemparken ____________________________________________________________ 112
jaren 1960 en 1970: design with nature ____________________________________________________ 113
Louis Le Roy 1924-2012 ___________________________________________________________________ 113
biografie _____________________________________________________________________________ 113
attitude natuur uitschakelen, natuur inschakelen ____________________________________________ 113
attitude socio-ecologisch ontwerp ________________________________________________________ 114
attitude ecologisch netwerk structurerend voor de stad _______________________________________ 114
Gilles Clément (1943-nu)__________________________________________________________________ 114
biografie _____________________________________________________________________________ 114
attitude werken met wat er is/wat er groeit _________________________________________________ 114
attitude diversiteit exploiteren zonder ze te vernietigenr ______________________________________ 114
attitude werken met tussenruimtes _______________________________________________________ 115
conclusie ______________________________________________________________________________ 115
mens en natuur _______________________________________________________________________ 115
esthetiek en gebruik ___________________________________________________________________ 115
site en territorium _____________________________________________________________________ 115
voorbeelden ___________________________________________________________________________ 116
Kennedylaan _________________________________________________________________________ 117
Lewenborg ___________________________________________________________________________ 118
Ecokathedraal ________________________________________________________________________ 118
Les jardins de l’arche ___________________________________________________________________ 120
Le jardin du Musée des arts premiers (Quai Branly) ___________________________________________ 120
Parc Henri-Matisse ____________________________________________________________________ 120
, LES 10: LAAT 20E EEUWSE PARKEN, PARADIGMASHIFTS ___________________________ 121
inleiding _______________________________________________________________________________ 121
stadsparken in de 19e en begin 20e eeuw ___________________________________________________ 121
groene ruimte in het modernisme ________________________________________________________ 121
vernieuwde vorm en vernieuwd programma ________________________________________________ 121
voorbeelden ___________________________________________________________________________ 122
Parc lancy ______________________________________________________________________________ 123
Context______________________________________________________________________________ 123
opdracht ____________________________________________________________________________ 123
ontwerp _____________________________________________________________________________ 123
Conclusie ____________________________________________________________________________ 124
Parc de la villette ________________________________________________________________________ 125
Context______________________________________________________________________________ 125
opdracht ____________________________________________________________________________ 125
ontwerp _____________________________________________________________________________ 125
conclusie ____________________________________________________________________________ 126
park duisburg noord _____________________________________________________________________ 127
Context______________________________________________________________________________ 127
opdracht ____________________________________________________________________________ 127
ontwerp _____________________________________________________________________________ 127
Conclusie ____________________________________________________________________________ 129
academiejaar 2023-2024
,
,LES 1: INLEIDING __________________________________________________________ 12
definities _______________________________________________________________________________ 12
landschap _____________________________________________________________________________ 12
landschapsarchitectuur __________________________________________________________________ 12
belang van landschap in de 21e eeuw ________________________________________________________ 12
landschapsarchitectuur, architectuur, stedenbouw _____________________________________________ 12
inzichten________________________________________________________________________________ 13
wisselwerking met de context _____________________________________________________________ 13
landschapstraditie ______________________________________________________________________ 13
breed gedragen tendensen en persoonlijke benaderingen ______________________________________ 13
spanningsvelden _______________________________________________________________________ 13
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 14
LES 2: VOOR DE RENAISSANCE ________________________________________________ 24
inleiding ________________________________________________________________________________ 24
de omsloten tuin _______________________________________________________________________ 24
tuin en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 24
perzische tuin ___________________________________________________________________________ 25
Grieks en Romeins landschap _______________________________________________________________ 25
grieken _____________________________________________________ Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd.
romeinen _____________________________________________________________________________ 25
middeleeuws landschap ___________________________________________________________________ 26
het chinese landschap _____________________________________________________________________ 26
het japanse landschap ____________________________________________________________________ 27
besluit _________________________________________________________________________________ 28
mens-natuur __________________________________________________________________________ 28
esthetiek en gebruik ____________________________________________________________________ 28
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 28
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 29
,LES 3: ITALIAANSE RENAISSANCE EN FRANSE BAROK _______________________________ 41
de architecturale tuin : italiaanse renaissance, 15e-16e eeuw _____________________________________ 41
de tuin van het perspectief: Villa Lante, Bagnaia ______________________________________________ 41
de maat van de rede: franse baroktuinen, 17e eeuw ____________________________________________ 41
perspectief en spel: de tuinen van Vaux-le-Vicomte ____________________________________________ 41
absolutisme: de tuinen van Versailles _______________________________________________________ 42
barok in de stad: tuinen van de Tuileries ____________________________________________________ 42
de erfenis van het formele: stedelijke landschappen inde 18e, 19e en 20e eeuw ______________________ 42
een nieuwe hoofdstad: plan van washinton, 18e eeuw _________________________________________ 42
heraanleg van parijs in de 19e eeuw ________________________________________________________ 42
besluit _________________________________________________________________________________ 43
mens en natuur ________________________________________________________________________ 43
esthetiek en gebruik ____________________________________________________________________ 43
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 43
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 44
LES 4: HET ENGELSE LANDSCHAPSPARK, HET PITTORESKE ___________________________ 47
engeland, 18e eeuw: de natuur herdacht ______________________________________________________ 47
landschapsontwerp als enscenering van de natuur: tuinen van Rousham (1738) _____________________ 47
landschap als beeld: william gilpin en de theorie van het pittoreske _______________________________ 47
landschap als beeld: tuinen van Stourhead __________________________________________________ 47
de perfectionering van een formule: Lancelot “capability” Brown en Humphry Repton________________ 47
het pittoreske en de industriële maatschappij ________________________________________________ 48
het pittoreske stedelijke park: londen in de 18e en 19e eeuw ____________________________________ 48
export van de Engelse landschapsstijl in de 19e eeuw ___________________________________________ 48
besluit _________________________________________________________________________________ 49
mens en natuur ________________________________________________________________________ 49
esthetiek en gebruik ____________________________________________________________________ 49
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 49
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 50
,LES 5: HET PUBLIEKE LANDSCHAP IN DE 19E EEUW ________________________________ 55
inleiding ________________________________________________________________________________ 55
openstellen van private domeinen in de 17e eeuw_____________________________________________ 55
bouw van de eerste stadsparken in de 19e eeuw ______________________________________________ 55
formele en pittoreske traditie in het parkontwerp van de 19e eeuw _______________________________ 55
het Parijs van Alphand ____________________________________________________________________ 56
Frankrijk en het Second Empire ___________________________________________________________ 56
Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand 1817-1891 ___________________________________________________ 56
Attitude: Techno-Natuur” ________________________________________________________________ 56
attitude: territoriale benadering ___________________________________________________________ 57
attitude: standaardisering ________________________________________________________________ 57
het new york en boston van frederick law Olmsted _____________________________________________ 57
verenigde staten in de tweede helft van de 19e eeuw __________________________________________ 57
Frederick Law Olmsted 1822-1903 _________________________________________________________ 58
attitude: social harmony _________________________________________________________________ 58
attitude: enscenering van de natuur ________________________________________________________ 59
attitude: holistische benadering ___________________________________________________________ 59
attitude: systemische benadering __________________________________________________________ 59
conclusie _______________________________________________________________________________ 60
mens en natuur ________________________________________________________________________ 60
estetiek en gebruik _____________________________________________________________________ 60
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 60
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 61
Bois de Boulogne als publiek park__________________________________________________________ 63
Parc des Buttes-Chaumont _______________________________________________________________ 64
Central park New York ___________________________________________________________________ 66
Boston park system _____________________________________________________________________ 67
,LES 6: TERUGKEER NAAR HET FORMELE EN EEN HERDEFINITIE VAN HET WILDE _________ 68
inleiding ________________________________________________________________________________ 68
maatschappelijke context ________________________________________________________________ 68
herdefinitie van het wilde ________________________________________________________________ 68
reginald blomfield versus william robinson ____________________________________________________ 69
blomfield en the formal garden in england___________________________________________________ 69
robinson en the wild galden ______________________________________________________________ 69
blomfield versus robinson ________________________________________________________________ 69
Gertrude jekyll ___________________________________________________________________________ 70
gertrude jekyll 1843-1932 ________________________________________________________________ 70
attitude: verzoening van het firmele met het wilde ____________________________________________ 70
attitude: schakeling van karakteristieke tuinkamers ____________________________________________ 70
attitude: horticulturele virtuositeit _________________________________________________________ 70
ondertussen in frankrijk ___________________________________________________________________ 70
jean-claude nicolas forestier ______________________________________________________________ 70
conclusie _______________________________________________________________________________ 71
mens en natuur ________________________________________________________________________ 71
esthetiek en gebruik ____________________________________________________________________ 71
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 71
voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 72
Munstead wood________________________________________________________________________ 74
Deanery Garden________________________________________________________________________ 74
Folly farm _____________________________________________________________________________ 74
,LES 7: MODERNISME , LANDSCHAP OP ZOEK NAAR EEN NIEUWE TAAL ________________ 76
inleiding ________________________________________________________________________________ 76
maatschappelijke context ________________________________________________________________ 76
wat is modernisme? ____________________________________________________________________ 76
modernisme in de landschapsarchitectuur ___________________________________________________ 77
gemeenschappelijke elementen ___________________________________________________________ 77
spanningsvelden _______________________________________________________________________ 77
focus op 4 sleutelfiguren _________________________________________________________________ 78
Gabriel Guevrékian in Frankrijk _____________________________________________________________ 78
korte biografie _________________________________________________________________________ 78
attitude Tableau Jardin __________________________________________________________________ 78
attitude instant garden __________________________________________________________________ 78
Jean Canneel-Claes in België________________________________________________________________ 78
korte biografie _________________________________________________________________________ 78
attitude manifest AIAJM _________________________________________________________________ 78
attitude de functionele tuin ______________________________________________________________ 78
attitude ruimtelijke benadering____________________________________________________________ 79
attitude elementair ontwerp ______________________________________________________________ 79
attitude werken met de specificiteit van de plek ______________________________________________ 79
Leberecht Migge in Duitsland _______________________________________________________________ 79
korte biografie _________________________________________________________________________ 79
attitude de architecturale tuin ____________________________________________________________ 79
attitude typologische benadering __________________________________________________________ 80
attitude productiviteit ___________________________________________________________________ 80
attitude circulariteit en gebruik van natuurlijke processen ______________________________________ 82
Gudmund Nyeland Brandt in Denemarken ____________________________________________________ 82
korte biografie _________________________________________________________________________ 82
attitude de tuin van de toekomst __________________________________________________________ 82
attitude de tuin is 100% groen ____________________________________________________________ 82
attitude het gecultiveerde landschap als motief voor het tuinontwerp _____________________________ 83
attitude romantiek als belangrijke drijfveer voor het ontwerp van de tuin __________________________ 83
attitude geplant versus gegroeid ___________________________________________________________ 83
conclusie _______________________________________________________________________________ 84
mens en natuur ________________________________________________________________________ 84
esthetiek en gebruik ____________________________________________________________________ 84
site en territorium ______________________________________________________________________ 84
,voorbeelden ____________________________________________________________________________ 85
Jardin d’eau et de lumière ________________________________________________________________ 86
Tuin voor de Villa Noailles ________________________________________________________________ 86
Villa Heim _____________________________________________________________________________ 87
Manifest AIAJM ________________________________________________________________________ 87
Tuin eigen woning ______________________________________________________________________ 88
Tuin woning Heeremans _________________________________________________________________ 89
Begraafplaats Verrewinkel ________________________________________________________________ 89
Rüstringen Stadspark ____________________________________________________________________ 93
Duitse Siedlungen ______________________________________________________________________ 93
De groeiende nederzetting _______________________________________________________________ 94
Eigen tuin _____________________________________________________________________________ 95
Renovatie van Marylist Tuin ______________________________________________________________ 96
LES 8: MODERNISME, LANDSCAPE FOR LIVING ___________________________________ 97
inleiding ________________________________________________________________________________ 97
maatschappelijke context ________________________________________________________________ 97
architectuur versus landschapsarchitectuur __________________________________________________ 97
manifesten moderne landschapsarchitectuur ________________________________________________ 97
focus op 2 sleutelfiguren _________________________________________________________________ 97
Garrett Eckbo in Amerika __________________________________________________________________ 98
korte biografie _________________________________________________________________________ 98
attitude landschape for living _____________________________________________________________ 98
attitude organic form in het humanized landscape ____________________________________________ 99
attitude material sensibility ______________________________________________________________ 100
Carl Theodor Sorensen in Denemarken ______________________________________________________ 100
korte biografie ________________________________________________________________________ 100
attitude ruimtelijkheid en precieze geometrie _______________________________________________ 100
attitude het elementaire ________________________________________________________________ 100
conclusie ______________________________________________________________________________ 101
mens en natuur _______________________________________________________________________ 101
esthetiek en gebruik ___________________________________________________________________ 101
site en territorium _____________________________________________________________________ 101
voorbeelden ___________________________________________________________________________ 102
Typical gadens ________________________________________________________________________ 105
Reseda development plan _______________________________________________________________ 105
ALCOA garden _______________________________________________ Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd.
Den Musikalske Have ___________________________________________________________________ 107
Site van de round factory _______________________________________________________________ 107
Universiteitscampus Arhus ______________________________________________________________ 107
Volkstuinen in Naerum _________________________________________________________________ 108
Openluchttheaters _____________________________________________________________________ 108
Openluchttheater Bellahoi ______________________________________________________________ 108
Openluchttheater Boeslunde ____________________________________________________________ 109
,LES 9: DESIGN WITH NATURE, LANDSCHAPSONTWERP EN ECOLOGIE _________________ 110
inleiding: historische situering _____________________________________________________________ 110
de romantiek: terug naar de natuur _______________________________________________________ 110
maatschappelijke reformatie en natuurbescherming __________________________________________ 110
de wilde tuin _________________________________________________________________________ 111
de Duitse Naturgarten __________________________________________________________________ 112
de Nederlandse Heemparken ____________________________________________________________ 112
jaren 1960 en 1970: design with nature ____________________________________________________ 113
Louis Le Roy 1924-2012 ___________________________________________________________________ 113
biografie _____________________________________________________________________________ 113
attitude natuur uitschakelen, natuur inschakelen ____________________________________________ 113
attitude socio-ecologisch ontwerp ________________________________________________________ 114
attitude ecologisch netwerk structurerend voor de stad _______________________________________ 114
Gilles Clément (1943-nu)__________________________________________________________________ 114
biografie _____________________________________________________________________________ 114
attitude werken met wat er is/wat er groeit _________________________________________________ 114
attitude diversiteit exploiteren zonder ze te vernietigenr ______________________________________ 114
attitude werken met tussenruimtes _______________________________________________________ 115
conclusie ______________________________________________________________________________ 115
mens en natuur _______________________________________________________________________ 115
esthetiek en gebruik ___________________________________________________________________ 115
site en territorium _____________________________________________________________________ 115
voorbeelden ___________________________________________________________________________ 116
Kennedylaan _________________________________________________________________________ 117
Lewenborg ___________________________________________________________________________ 118
Ecokathedraal ________________________________________________________________________ 118
Les jardins de l’arche ___________________________________________________________________ 120
Le jardin du Musée des arts premiers (Quai Branly) ___________________________________________ 120
Parc Henri-Matisse ____________________________________________________________________ 120
, LES 10: LAAT 20E EEUWSE PARKEN, PARADIGMASHIFTS ___________________________ 121
inleiding _______________________________________________________________________________ 121
stadsparken in de 19e en begin 20e eeuw ___________________________________________________ 121
groene ruimte in het modernisme ________________________________________________________ 121
vernieuwde vorm en vernieuwd programma ________________________________________________ 121
voorbeelden ___________________________________________________________________________ 122
Parc lancy ______________________________________________________________________________ 123
Context______________________________________________________________________________ 123
opdracht ____________________________________________________________________________ 123
ontwerp _____________________________________________________________________________ 123
Conclusie ____________________________________________________________________________ 124
Parc de la villette ________________________________________________________________________ 125
Context______________________________________________________________________________ 125
opdracht ____________________________________________________________________________ 125
ontwerp _____________________________________________________________________________ 125
conclusie ____________________________________________________________________________ 126
park duisburg noord _____________________________________________________________________ 127
Context______________________________________________________________________________ 127
opdracht ____________________________________________________________________________ 127
ontwerp _____________________________________________________________________________ 127
Conclusie ____________________________________________________________________________ 129
