2023-
2024
Samenvatting
informatietechnologie
19/12/2023
REMI DEMEYER
,Inhoud
1. Besturingssystemen ..................................................................................................5
1.1. Taken ..................................................................................................................5
1.2. 32-bit vs 64-bit ...................................................................................................5
1.3. Windows Aero .....................................................................................................5
1.4. UAC ....................................................................................................................5
1.5. Partities ..............................................................................................................5
1.6. FAT vs NTFS ........................................................................................................5
1.7. Opstarten............................................................................................................5
1.8. Bureauaccessoires ...............................................................................................6
1.8.1. Defragmenteren ............................................................................................6
1.8.2. Systeemherstel..............................................................................................6
1.8.3. Foutcontrole ..................................................................................................6
1.9. Registry ..............................................................................................................6
1.10. Linux...................................................................................................................6
1.10.1. Voordelen Linux 1 ..........................................................................................6
1.10.2. Voordelen Linux 2 ..........................................................................................6
1.10.3. Nadelen ........................................................................................................6
1.11. Voordelen MAC ....................................................................................................7
1.12. Nadelen MAC .......................................................................................................7
1.13. BIOS ...................................................................................................................7
1.13.1. Hoe in BIOS geraken .....................................................................................7
1.13.2. Menu’s ..........................................................................................................8
1.14. MS DOS ..............................................................................................................8
1.14.1. Toepassing ....................................................................................................8
1.15. Backup................................................................................................................8
1.15.1. Soorten .........................................................................................................8
2. Beveiliging ................................................................................................................9
2.1. Virus ...................................................................................................................9
2.2. Macro..................................................................................................................9
2.3. Worm..................................................................................................................9
2.4. Stuxnet worm......................................................................................................9
2.5. Trojan horse ........................................................................................................9
2.6. Hoax ...................................................................................................................9
2.7. Sparse infectoren ................................................................................................9
2.8. Soorten virussen ...............................................................................................10
2.9. Verspreiding ......................................................................................................10
2.10. Symptomen.......................................................................................................10
2.11. Extensies ..........................................................................................................10
Pagina 1 van 33
, 2.12. Phising ..............................................................................................................10
2.13. Social engineering .............................................................................................10
2.14. Firewall .............................................................................................................11
2.14.1. Poorten .......................................................................................................11
2.14.2. Software .....................................................................................................11
2.14.3. Soorten firewall ...........................................................................................11
2.14.4. Meerdere firewalls .......................................................................................11
2.15. Firewall vs antivirus ...........................................................................................11
2.16. LinkedIn ............................................................................................................11
2.17. Werking WEP .....................................................................................................12
2.18. Zwakte WEP ......................................................................................................12
2.19. Web gebaseerde aanvallen .................................................................................12
2.20. Soort besmetting op een site..............................................................................12
2.21. Malicious peer-to-peer .......................................................................................12
3. Netwerken ..............................................................................................................13
3.1. Definitie ............................................................................................................13
3.2. Toepassingen.....................................................................................................13
3.3. Geografische indeling .........................................................................................13
3.3.1. PAN = Personal Area Network ......................................................................13
3.3.2. LAN = Local Area Network ...........................................................................13
3.3.3. WLAN = Wireless LAN ..................................................................................13
3.3.4. CAN = Campus Area Network.......................................................................13
3.3.5. MAN = Metropolitan Area Network ................................................................13
3.3.6. WAN = Wide Area Network...........................................................................14
3.3.7. SAN = Storage Area Network .......................................................................14
3.4. Typologieën .......................................................................................................14
3.4.1. Point to point...............................................................................................14
3.4.2. Bustopologie ...............................................................................................14
3.4.3. Stertopologie...............................................................................................14
3.4.4. Ringtopologie ..............................................................................................14
3.4.5. Vermaasd netwerk.......................................................................................14
3.4.6. Boomtopologie ............................................................................................14
3.5. Soorten netwerkverbindingen .............................................................................14
3.5.1. Cross-over ..................................................................................................14
3.5.2. Straight through ..........................................................................................15
3.5.3. UTP & STP ...................................................................................................15
3.6. Glasvezel ..........................................................................................................15
3.7. Powerline ..........................................................................................................15
3.8. Draadloos..........................................................................................................15
Pagina 2 van 33
, 3.9. Protocol.............................................................................................................15
3.10. Het OSI-model ..................................................................................................16
3.10.1. Lagenmodel.................................................................................................16
3.10.2. TCP/IP in OSI-model ....................................................................................17
3.11. Classfull ip-adressering ......................................................................................18
3.11.1. Opbouw IP-adres .........................................................................................18
3.12. NAT...................................................................................................................18
3.13. Subnetmasker ...................................................................................................18
3.13.1. Voordelen....................................................................................................18
3.14. IP-adres ............................................................................................................19
3.14.1. Soorten IP-adressering ................................................................................19
3.14.2. Speciale IP-adressen....................................................................................19
3.14.3. Interne en externe adressen ........................................................................19
3.14.4. Broadcastadressen.......................................................................................19
3.14.5. Software loopbackadres ...............................................................................19
3.14.6. Privé netwerkadressen .................................................................................20
3.14.7. IPV6............................................................................................................20
3.15. Verschil TCP/UDP...............................................................................................20
3.16. DNS ..................................................................................................................20
3.16.1. Omzeilen blokkering ....................................................................................20
3.17. MAC-adres.........................................................................................................21
3.17.1. Nut MAC-adres ............................................................................................21
3.18. Netwerkprinter ..................................................................................................21
3.19. Hub...................................................................................................................21
3.20. Switch...............................................................................................................21
3.21. Router...............................................................................................................21
3.22. CSMA/CD ..........................................................................................................22
3.23. Token passing....................................................................................................22
4. Nieuwe technologieën ..............................................................................................23
4.1. Gebogen en buigzame schermen ........................................................................23
4.2. Biometrie ..........................................................................................................23
4.3. SLI crossfire ......................................................................................................23
4.4. DNA-Computer ..................................................................................................23
4.5. Kwantumcomputers ...........................................................................................23
4.6. Smartwatch.......................................................................................................23
5. Darknet ..................................................................................................................24
5.1. Tor ....................................................................................................................24
5.2. Onionland..........................................................................................................24
6. Opbouw PC .............................................................................................................25
Pagina 3 van 33
, 6.1. Digitale computer ..............................................................................................25
6.2. Desktop ............................................................................................................26
6.3. All-in one ..........................................................................................................26
6.4. Tower................................................................................................................26
6.5. Notebook ..........................................................................................................26
6.6. Von Neumann....................................................................................................26
6.6.1. Functionele ordening....................................................................................26
6.7. Moederbord .......................................................................................................26
6.8. Kloksnelheden CPU ............................................................................................27
6.9. Snelheid processor ............................................................................................27
6.10. Opbouw harde schijf (HDD)................................................................................27
6.11. Opslag harde schijf ............................................................................................27
6.12. Snelheid harde schijf .........................................................................................27
6.13. SSD of Solid State Drive ....................................................................................27
6.14. Partionering.......................................................................................................28
6.15. Eigenschappen HD .............................................................................................28
6.16. Betrouwbaarheid ...............................................................................................28
6.17. Recovery ...........................................................................................................28
6.18. Soorten geheugen .............................................................................................28
6.19. Soorten aansluitingen ........................................................................................29
6.20. RAID .................................................................................................................30
7. ChatGPT & Bard ......................................................................................................31
7.1. Verschil ChatGPT & Bard ....................................................................................31
7.2. Verschillende tools .............................................................................................31
8. Computional thinking ...............................................................................................33
8.1. Algoritmen ........................................................................................................33
8.2. flowcharts .........................................................................................................33
8.3. valkuilen ...........................................................................................................33
Pagina 4 van 33
, 1. Besturingssystemen
1.1. Taken
• Opstarten systeem
• Uitvoeren programma’s
• Geheugenbeheer
• Communicatie
o input
o output
1.2. 32-bit vs. 64-bit
• 32 bit
o Minder geheugen
o Trager
o Trager schakelen tussen CPU
• 64 bit
o Meer geheugen
o Sneller
o Veel sneller schakelen
• Sneller schakelen → meer gegevens in het RAM-geheugen
1.3. Windows Aero
• Glass-effect
o Kaders een beetje doorzichtig
• Live miniaturen op de taakbalk
• Windows flip (3D)
o Snel tussen vensters wisselen
• Aero shake: vensters heen en weer schudden = alle vensters geminimaliseerd
• Aero snap twee tabbladen naast elkaar
1.4. UAC
• User account control
• Geïntroduceerd bij windows Vista
• UAC vraagt “token” bij installeren programma
1.5. Partities
• Primair
• Uitgebreid
• Logisch station
1.6. FAT vs. NTFS
• NTFS is sneller
• Opslagtechnologie
• Windows/MAC
1.7. Opstarten
• Windows: hardwarescan
• MAC
o Geen hardwarescan
Pagina 5 van 33
2024
Samenvatting
informatietechnologie
19/12/2023
REMI DEMEYER
,Inhoud
1. Besturingssystemen ..................................................................................................5
1.1. Taken ..................................................................................................................5
1.2. 32-bit vs 64-bit ...................................................................................................5
1.3. Windows Aero .....................................................................................................5
1.4. UAC ....................................................................................................................5
1.5. Partities ..............................................................................................................5
1.6. FAT vs NTFS ........................................................................................................5
1.7. Opstarten............................................................................................................5
1.8. Bureauaccessoires ...............................................................................................6
1.8.1. Defragmenteren ............................................................................................6
1.8.2. Systeemherstel..............................................................................................6
1.8.3. Foutcontrole ..................................................................................................6
1.9. Registry ..............................................................................................................6
1.10. Linux...................................................................................................................6
1.10.1. Voordelen Linux 1 ..........................................................................................6
1.10.2. Voordelen Linux 2 ..........................................................................................6
1.10.3. Nadelen ........................................................................................................6
1.11. Voordelen MAC ....................................................................................................7
1.12. Nadelen MAC .......................................................................................................7
1.13. BIOS ...................................................................................................................7
1.13.1. Hoe in BIOS geraken .....................................................................................7
1.13.2. Menu’s ..........................................................................................................8
1.14. MS DOS ..............................................................................................................8
1.14.1. Toepassing ....................................................................................................8
1.15. Backup................................................................................................................8
1.15.1. Soorten .........................................................................................................8
2. Beveiliging ................................................................................................................9
2.1. Virus ...................................................................................................................9
2.2. Macro..................................................................................................................9
2.3. Worm..................................................................................................................9
2.4. Stuxnet worm......................................................................................................9
2.5. Trojan horse ........................................................................................................9
2.6. Hoax ...................................................................................................................9
2.7. Sparse infectoren ................................................................................................9
2.8. Soorten virussen ...............................................................................................10
2.9. Verspreiding ......................................................................................................10
2.10. Symptomen.......................................................................................................10
2.11. Extensies ..........................................................................................................10
Pagina 1 van 33
, 2.12. Phising ..............................................................................................................10
2.13. Social engineering .............................................................................................10
2.14. Firewall .............................................................................................................11
2.14.1. Poorten .......................................................................................................11
2.14.2. Software .....................................................................................................11
2.14.3. Soorten firewall ...........................................................................................11
2.14.4. Meerdere firewalls .......................................................................................11
2.15. Firewall vs antivirus ...........................................................................................11
2.16. LinkedIn ............................................................................................................11
2.17. Werking WEP .....................................................................................................12
2.18. Zwakte WEP ......................................................................................................12
2.19. Web gebaseerde aanvallen .................................................................................12
2.20. Soort besmetting op een site..............................................................................12
2.21. Malicious peer-to-peer .......................................................................................12
3. Netwerken ..............................................................................................................13
3.1. Definitie ............................................................................................................13
3.2. Toepassingen.....................................................................................................13
3.3. Geografische indeling .........................................................................................13
3.3.1. PAN = Personal Area Network ......................................................................13
3.3.2. LAN = Local Area Network ...........................................................................13
3.3.3. WLAN = Wireless LAN ..................................................................................13
3.3.4. CAN = Campus Area Network.......................................................................13
3.3.5. MAN = Metropolitan Area Network ................................................................13
3.3.6. WAN = Wide Area Network...........................................................................14
3.3.7. SAN = Storage Area Network .......................................................................14
3.4. Typologieën .......................................................................................................14
3.4.1. Point to point...............................................................................................14
3.4.2. Bustopologie ...............................................................................................14
3.4.3. Stertopologie...............................................................................................14
3.4.4. Ringtopologie ..............................................................................................14
3.4.5. Vermaasd netwerk.......................................................................................14
3.4.6. Boomtopologie ............................................................................................14
3.5. Soorten netwerkverbindingen .............................................................................14
3.5.1. Cross-over ..................................................................................................14
3.5.2. Straight through ..........................................................................................15
3.5.3. UTP & STP ...................................................................................................15
3.6. Glasvezel ..........................................................................................................15
3.7. Powerline ..........................................................................................................15
3.8. Draadloos..........................................................................................................15
Pagina 2 van 33
, 3.9. Protocol.............................................................................................................15
3.10. Het OSI-model ..................................................................................................16
3.10.1. Lagenmodel.................................................................................................16
3.10.2. TCP/IP in OSI-model ....................................................................................17
3.11. Classfull ip-adressering ......................................................................................18
3.11.1. Opbouw IP-adres .........................................................................................18
3.12. NAT...................................................................................................................18
3.13. Subnetmasker ...................................................................................................18
3.13.1. Voordelen....................................................................................................18
3.14. IP-adres ............................................................................................................19
3.14.1. Soorten IP-adressering ................................................................................19
3.14.2. Speciale IP-adressen....................................................................................19
3.14.3. Interne en externe adressen ........................................................................19
3.14.4. Broadcastadressen.......................................................................................19
3.14.5. Software loopbackadres ...............................................................................19
3.14.6. Privé netwerkadressen .................................................................................20
3.14.7. IPV6............................................................................................................20
3.15. Verschil TCP/UDP...............................................................................................20
3.16. DNS ..................................................................................................................20
3.16.1. Omzeilen blokkering ....................................................................................20
3.17. MAC-adres.........................................................................................................21
3.17.1. Nut MAC-adres ............................................................................................21
3.18. Netwerkprinter ..................................................................................................21
3.19. Hub...................................................................................................................21
3.20. Switch...............................................................................................................21
3.21. Router...............................................................................................................21
3.22. CSMA/CD ..........................................................................................................22
3.23. Token passing....................................................................................................22
4. Nieuwe technologieën ..............................................................................................23
4.1. Gebogen en buigzame schermen ........................................................................23
4.2. Biometrie ..........................................................................................................23
4.3. SLI crossfire ......................................................................................................23
4.4. DNA-Computer ..................................................................................................23
4.5. Kwantumcomputers ...........................................................................................23
4.6. Smartwatch.......................................................................................................23
5. Darknet ..................................................................................................................24
5.1. Tor ....................................................................................................................24
5.2. Onionland..........................................................................................................24
6. Opbouw PC .............................................................................................................25
Pagina 3 van 33
, 6.1. Digitale computer ..............................................................................................25
6.2. Desktop ............................................................................................................26
6.3. All-in one ..........................................................................................................26
6.4. Tower................................................................................................................26
6.5. Notebook ..........................................................................................................26
6.6. Von Neumann....................................................................................................26
6.6.1. Functionele ordening....................................................................................26
6.7. Moederbord .......................................................................................................26
6.8. Kloksnelheden CPU ............................................................................................27
6.9. Snelheid processor ............................................................................................27
6.10. Opbouw harde schijf (HDD)................................................................................27
6.11. Opslag harde schijf ............................................................................................27
6.12. Snelheid harde schijf .........................................................................................27
6.13. SSD of Solid State Drive ....................................................................................27
6.14. Partionering.......................................................................................................28
6.15. Eigenschappen HD .............................................................................................28
6.16. Betrouwbaarheid ...............................................................................................28
6.17. Recovery ...........................................................................................................28
6.18. Soorten geheugen .............................................................................................28
6.19. Soorten aansluitingen ........................................................................................29
6.20. RAID .................................................................................................................30
7. ChatGPT & Bard ......................................................................................................31
7.1. Verschil ChatGPT & Bard ....................................................................................31
7.2. Verschillende tools .............................................................................................31
8. Computional thinking ...............................................................................................33
8.1. Algoritmen ........................................................................................................33
8.2. flowcharts .........................................................................................................33
8.3. valkuilen ...........................................................................................................33
Pagina 4 van 33
, 1. Besturingssystemen
1.1. Taken
• Opstarten systeem
• Uitvoeren programma’s
• Geheugenbeheer
• Communicatie
o input
o output
1.2. 32-bit vs. 64-bit
• 32 bit
o Minder geheugen
o Trager
o Trager schakelen tussen CPU
• 64 bit
o Meer geheugen
o Sneller
o Veel sneller schakelen
• Sneller schakelen → meer gegevens in het RAM-geheugen
1.3. Windows Aero
• Glass-effect
o Kaders een beetje doorzichtig
• Live miniaturen op de taakbalk
• Windows flip (3D)
o Snel tussen vensters wisselen
• Aero shake: vensters heen en weer schudden = alle vensters geminimaliseerd
• Aero snap twee tabbladen naast elkaar
1.4. UAC
• User account control
• Geïntroduceerd bij windows Vista
• UAC vraagt “token” bij installeren programma
1.5. Partities
• Primair
• Uitgebreid
• Logisch station
1.6. FAT vs. NTFS
• NTFS is sneller
• Opslagtechnologie
• Windows/MAC
1.7. Opstarten
• Windows: hardwarescan
• MAC
o Geen hardwarescan
Pagina 5 van 33
