Operating systems samenvatting
Inhoud
Inleiding..................................................................................................................................................3
Shell........................................................................................................................................................4
Tekstbestanden......................................................................................................................................9
Bestandsbeheer....................................................................................................................................15
Scripts – deel 1.....................................................................................................................................19
Herhaling..........................................................................................................................................19
Eenvoudige scripts............................................................................................................................20
Variabelen........................................................................................................................................22
Back quotes......................................................................................................................................25
Argumenten......................................................................................................................................26
Log files.............................................................................................................................................26
Scripts deel 2........................................................................................................................................27
Exit codes..........................................................................................................................................27
Condities...........................................................................................................................................28
Functies............................................................................................................................................32
Iteraties............................................................................................................................................33
Switch-case.......................................................................................................................................34
Gebruikers en permissies.....................................................................................................................35
Gebruikers en groepen.....................................................................................................................35
Permissies.........................................................................................................................................38
Proces- en pakketbeheer......................................................................................................................40
Pakketbeheer...................................................................................................................................40
Procesbeheer....................................................................................................................................42
Schijfbeheer..........................................................................................................................................44
Opslag en partities............................................................................................................................44
Koppelen van een file system...........................................................................................................46
Swap space.......................................................................................................................................47
Diskruimte........................................................................................................................................47
Aanvulling oefeningen..........................................................................................................................48
Week 9..............................................................................................................................................48
Week 11............................................................................................................................................49
11.2...............................................................................................................................................49
Pagina 1 van 50
,Pagina 2 van 50
,Inleiding
Operating systems
o = Linux
Bash command line (commando’s geven)
Bash scripting (automatiseren)
Gebruik je op servers,… Praktisch alles wat in de cloud zit
o Elke machine heeft een operating system nodig
Real-time OS = heel specifiek
Bv.: Windows, Mac, IOS, Andriod
o (word, browser, … communiceren allemaal met het operating system)
o UNIX
= één van de eerste OS, closed source (alleen de makers konden er aan
werken, andere mensen konden er niet dingen in aanpassen + was betalend)
Kleine programma gecombineerd <-> Windows is één groot bestand
Hierdoor minder kans op bugs
Programma’s werken met tekstbestanden (ASCII of unicode) als input-output
UNIX kernel
Taken
o Hardware aansturen (muis, scherm, …)
o Booting / opstarten
o Bestandsbeheer
Harde schijf > (opgedeeld in) partities > blokken data
o Procesbeheer
Beheert meerdere applicaties tegelijkertijd
o Geheugenbeheer
o …
Zonder kernel moet iedere applicatie dit allemaal zelf doen
Multi-user (gebruikers kunnen tegelijkertijd op één systeem, via
terminals
Interactie met gebruiker via terminal (tekst) of X-terminal (grafisch)
Multitasking
“Processor onafhankelijk”: grotendeels geschreven in C
Geschiedenis
o 1965: UNIX, C (closed source door Ken Thompson en Dennis Richie)
o 1985 – 1989: Open source, GNU (Richard Stallman)
GNU is Not Unix (open sourcebeweging)
GPL (= Gnu Public Licence)
Free speech <-> free beer (GNU hoeft niet persé gratis te zijn)
LibreOffice, Firefox, Wikipedia, …
o 1987: Minix (Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
o 1991: Linux kernel: Linus Torvalds
Kernel = stuk van een operating system
Pagina 3 van 50
, Schema operating system:
Open source
o Software (LibreOffice, Audacity,…)
o Boeken (vb. Boek linux, cursus hardware)
o Processoren (vb. MIPS, Sun Sparc, Moncky, …)
o Hardware (Thingiverse) -> gebruikt om voorwerpen 3D te printen
o Auto’s (wikispeed,…)
o …
o Veel versies
Veel distributies van GNU/Linux
Debian based (ubuntu)
Redhat based (Fedora)
Oracle
…
Shell
Command prompt (= command line)
o In Windows:
“DOS” prompt (= tekstgebaseerde gebruikersinterface, Disk Operating
System)
“cmd” (= command) of “powershell”
Windows subsystem for Linux (WSL)
o MAC OSX
“terminal
o Secure shell
Server in de cloud Meestal
Geen user interface
Secure shell gebruiken om verbinding te maken
Pagina 4 van 50
Inhoud
Inleiding..................................................................................................................................................3
Shell........................................................................................................................................................4
Tekstbestanden......................................................................................................................................9
Bestandsbeheer....................................................................................................................................15
Scripts – deel 1.....................................................................................................................................19
Herhaling..........................................................................................................................................19
Eenvoudige scripts............................................................................................................................20
Variabelen........................................................................................................................................22
Back quotes......................................................................................................................................25
Argumenten......................................................................................................................................26
Log files.............................................................................................................................................26
Scripts deel 2........................................................................................................................................27
Exit codes..........................................................................................................................................27
Condities...........................................................................................................................................28
Functies............................................................................................................................................32
Iteraties............................................................................................................................................33
Switch-case.......................................................................................................................................34
Gebruikers en permissies.....................................................................................................................35
Gebruikers en groepen.....................................................................................................................35
Permissies.........................................................................................................................................38
Proces- en pakketbeheer......................................................................................................................40
Pakketbeheer...................................................................................................................................40
Procesbeheer....................................................................................................................................42
Schijfbeheer..........................................................................................................................................44
Opslag en partities............................................................................................................................44
Koppelen van een file system...........................................................................................................46
Swap space.......................................................................................................................................47
Diskruimte........................................................................................................................................47
Aanvulling oefeningen..........................................................................................................................48
Week 9..............................................................................................................................................48
Week 11............................................................................................................................................49
11.2...............................................................................................................................................49
Pagina 1 van 50
,Pagina 2 van 50
,Inleiding
Operating systems
o = Linux
Bash command line (commando’s geven)
Bash scripting (automatiseren)
Gebruik je op servers,… Praktisch alles wat in de cloud zit
o Elke machine heeft een operating system nodig
Real-time OS = heel specifiek
Bv.: Windows, Mac, IOS, Andriod
o (word, browser, … communiceren allemaal met het operating system)
o UNIX
= één van de eerste OS, closed source (alleen de makers konden er aan
werken, andere mensen konden er niet dingen in aanpassen + was betalend)
Kleine programma gecombineerd <-> Windows is één groot bestand
Hierdoor minder kans op bugs
Programma’s werken met tekstbestanden (ASCII of unicode) als input-output
UNIX kernel
Taken
o Hardware aansturen (muis, scherm, …)
o Booting / opstarten
o Bestandsbeheer
Harde schijf > (opgedeeld in) partities > blokken data
o Procesbeheer
Beheert meerdere applicaties tegelijkertijd
o Geheugenbeheer
o …
Zonder kernel moet iedere applicatie dit allemaal zelf doen
Multi-user (gebruikers kunnen tegelijkertijd op één systeem, via
terminals
Interactie met gebruiker via terminal (tekst) of X-terminal (grafisch)
Multitasking
“Processor onafhankelijk”: grotendeels geschreven in C
Geschiedenis
o 1965: UNIX, C (closed source door Ken Thompson en Dennis Richie)
o 1985 – 1989: Open source, GNU (Richard Stallman)
GNU is Not Unix (open sourcebeweging)
GPL (= Gnu Public Licence)
Free speech <-> free beer (GNU hoeft niet persé gratis te zijn)
LibreOffice, Firefox, Wikipedia, …
o 1987: Minix (Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
o 1991: Linux kernel: Linus Torvalds
Kernel = stuk van een operating system
Pagina 3 van 50
, Schema operating system:
Open source
o Software (LibreOffice, Audacity,…)
o Boeken (vb. Boek linux, cursus hardware)
o Processoren (vb. MIPS, Sun Sparc, Moncky, …)
o Hardware (Thingiverse) -> gebruikt om voorwerpen 3D te printen
o Auto’s (wikispeed,…)
o …
o Veel versies
Veel distributies van GNU/Linux
Debian based (ubuntu)
Redhat based (Fedora)
Oracle
…
Shell
Command prompt (= command line)
o In Windows:
“DOS” prompt (= tekstgebaseerde gebruikersinterface, Disk Operating
System)
“cmd” (= command) of “powershell”
Windows subsystem for Linux (WSL)
o MAC OSX
“terminal
o Secure shell
Server in de cloud Meestal
Geen user interface
Secure shell gebruiken om verbinding te maken
Pagina 4 van 50
