ETHISCH EN DUURZAAM ONDERNEMEN
Contents
ETHISCH EN DUURZAAM ONDERNEMEN.....................................................................................................1
1. Praktische afspraken...........................................................................................................................5
1.1. Wat gaan we doen? (3 componenten) .........................................................................................5
1.2. Centrale competenties ................................................................................................................5
1.3. Evaluatie .....................................................................................................................................5
THEMA 1: ETHIEK & BEDRIJFSETHIEK ..........................................................................................................5
2. Waarden en normen...........................................................................................................................5
2.1. Terug naar het begin: Acht concepten .........................................................................................5
2.2. Invloed van waardeverschuivingen voor ondernemingen .............................................................8
3. A few notes on ethics .........................................................................................................................8
3.1. Ethisch redeneren.......................................................................................................................8
3.1.1. Consequentialisme...............................................................................................................8
3.1.2. Deontologie.........................................................................................................................9
3.1.3. Deugdenethiek ....................................................................................................................9
3.1.4. Verhouding tussen ethiek en de wet .....................................................................................9
3.1.5. Subjectivism and cultural relativism ......................................................................................9
3.2. Cognitively restructure the unethical choice so that it appears less harmful................................ 10
3.2.1. Reduce the distress caused to victim (niet besproken)......................................................... 10
3.2.2. Group animal – moral courage ........................................................................................... 10
3.2.3. Framing ............................................................................................................................. 10
3.2.4. Role differentiation ............................................................................................................ 10
3.2.5. Selective awareness ........................................................................................................... 11
3.2.6. Slippery slope .................................................................................................................... 11
3.3. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 11
4. Enactus: student engagement in social entrepreneurship: the world needs u… .................................. 12
4.1. Verplichte lectuur: Social Entrepreneurship: The Case for Definition........................................... 12
4.1.1. Entrepreneurial context (voorbeelden) ............................................................................... 12
4.1.2. Ondernemerskenmerken ................................................................................................... 12
4.1.3. Ondernemersresultaat ....................................................................................................... 13
4.1.4. Shift to Social Entrepreneurship.......................................................................................... 13
5. Toepassing van leerstof op 2 cases .................................................................................................... 13
5.1. Case 1: Analyst’s Dilemma ......................................................................................................... 13
5.2. Case 2: Accounting Fraud at WorldCom ..................................................................................... 15
5.3. Conclusie (herhaling)................................................................................................................. 16
6. Ethics and Compliance inside the organization .................................................................................. 16
6.1. What is at stake?....................................................................................................................... 16
6.1.1. The organisation goes over the line .................................................................................... 17
1
, 6.1.2. The employee goes over the line ........................................................................................ 17
6.2. Compliance: A brief history ....................................................................................................... 17
6.2.1. History of US frame of compliance...................................................................................... 17
6.2.2. The scandals - regulation cycle ........................................................................................... 18
6.2.3. Latest changes ................................................................................................................... 18
6.3. Building blocks of a compliance department and best practices.................................................. 18
6.3.1. US Sentencing Guidelines, the point of reference ................................................................ 18
Niet overlopen in de les. Je moet het gewoon eens lezen. Het is een stappenplan van hoe je tot een
goed compliance programma kunt komen......................................................................................... 18
6.3.2. Evolutions.......................................................................................................................... 19
6.3.3. Good practice .................................................................................................................... 19
6.3.4. Leadership: best practices .................................................................................................. 19
6.4. White-Paper: Facing moral dilemmas ........................................................................................ 20
THEMA 2: INTERACTIE TUSSEN ECONOMIE EN SAMENLEVING................................................................... 21
7. Vrije markt: eigenschappen, grondvoorwaarden, beperkingen, culturele invloed ............................... 21
7.1. Inhoud van deze les .................................................................................................................. 21
7.2. De markt als bedreiging............................................................................................................. 21
7.3. De markt als redding ................................................................................................................. 22
7.4. Eerste theorema welvaartseconomie......................................................................................... 22
7.4.1. Pareto Efficiëntie ............................................................................................................... 22
7.4.2. Normatieve kracht eerste theorema ................................................................................... 23
7.4.3. Competitie ........................................................................................................................ 23
7.5. Grondvoorwaarden van markten............................................................................................... 24
7.6. Beperkingen van markten ......................................................................................................... 24
8. Market and cultural change .............................................................................................................. 25
8.1. Polanyi, the great transformation from gift to market economy ................................................. 25
8.2. The market Challenge ............................................................................................................... 25
8.3. Economische groei en creatieve distructie ................................................................................. 26
8.4. Impact on ................................................................................................................................. 26
9. Change or perish : Why the transition towards sutainable business models is unavoidable ................. 27
9.1. Economic growth ...................................................................................................................... 27
9.2. Impact on Environment ............................................................................................................. 27
9.2.1. System change: basic concepts ........................................................................................... 27
9.3. Governmental dimension: Impact on State/Legislation .............................................................. 29
9.4. Impact on Values and Norms ..................................................................................................... 29
9.5. Macro-trends: Sustainable business: where are the risks and opportunities? .............................. 30
9.5.1. Peta and the angorra rabit.................................................................................................. 30
9.5.2. A History of Cheating EPA................................................................................................... 30
9.5.3. Materialiteitsmatrix ........................................................................................................... 30
9.6. Intermediate Conclusion on Macro-trends................................................................................. 31
2
, 9.6.1. Three ways in which soft values become hard: civil society, law and market (niet besproken)
31
9.6.2. Domains where the change is visible (ISO26000) (niet besproken) ....................................... 31
9.7. Critical attitude of Stakeholders (niet besproken)....................................................................... 31
THEMA 3: DUURZAAM ONDERNEMEN (LT trends) .................................................................................... 32
10. Milieu: circulaire economie ........................................................................................................... 32
10.1. Today and tomorrow... .......................................................................................................... 32
10.2. Sustainbility, the concept ... ................................................................................................... 32
10.3. Linear economy ... Current model and its consequences......................................................... 33
10.4. Circular economy … Concepts and definitions ........................................................................ 33
10.5. Legislative aspects ................................................................................................................. 33
10.6. A new business model ........................................................................................................... 34
10.7. Circular economy, resource productivity, economic growth and decoupling ........................... 35
10.8. Sharing economy................................................................................................................... 35
10.8.1. Tragedy of the commons.................................................................................................... 35
10.8.2. Tragedy of the commons revisited (3de oplossing) .............................................................. 36
11. Corporate Social Responsibility: Shareholder- vs. stakeholdertheorie ............................................. 36
11.1. Friedman: Aandeelhouders eerst I ......................................................................................... 36
11.2. Ed Freeman: Stakeholders eerst............................................................................................. 37
11.3. Waarom CSR ......................................................................................................................... 37
11.4. Probleem I ............................................................................................................................ 38
11.5. Probleem II ........................................................................................................................... 38
11.6. Heroriëntatie van het begrip CSR (Porter and Kramer, 2006/2011) ......................................... 38
11.7. CSR in de waardeketen .......................................................................................................... 38
11.8. Shared Value Creation Porter & Kramer 2011) ....................................................................... 39
11.9. Conclusie: een nieuw perspectief........................................................................................... 39
11.10. Kritiek? ................................................................................................................................. 40
11.10.1. Rethinking partners > system mapping > dynamic complexity insights .............................. 41
11.10.2. Re-aligning partners > stakeholder assessment > high impact collaboration ...................... 41
11.10.3. Renewing principles > values dialogue > shared synergic norm......................................... 41
11.10.4. Redefining purpose > strategic review > bold strategic goals ............................................ 41
11.10.5. Reassessing performance > value measurement > integrated value metrics...................... 42
11.10.6. Predesigning products > innovation catalysis > breakthrough societal solutions ................ 42
12. CSR and (S)RI: Transition towards sustainable business models ...................................................... 42
12.1. CSR : revising the role of the firm ........................................................................................... 42
12.2. RI : a way to discipline corporations and increase their positive impact on society .................. 43
12.3. RI strategies to encourage CSR............................................................................................... 44
Exclusion – avoidance: selection based on negative screens (sin stocks): ............................................. 44
Best in class – benchmarking: selection based on relative performance: ................................................. 45
Stakeholder engagement – dialogue: use of voice and exit mechanisms involving ................................... 46
Can be public or private, individual or collective .................................................................................... 46
3
, 12.4. How is RI stimulating CSR?..................................................................................................... 46
12.5. RI: reorientation of capital flows ............................................................................................ 46
Inclusion: Thematic investing: invest in certain sector based on their positive impact on societies ............ 46
Impact investing: impact: investments intended to create positive impact beyond financial returns ..... 47
12.6. The Green Deal ..................................................................................................................... 48
13. Werknemer .................................................................................................................................. 50
14. Consument : productverantwoordelijkheid, reclame (kort besproken) ........................................... 53
15. Samenvatting uit cahiers ............................................................................................................... 54
15.1. De Creatieve kracht in de mens (interview met Thomas Leysen) ............................................. 54
15.2. Ondernemersinitiatief in transitie als economie van de hoop ................................................. 55
15.3. Hoop en de rol van (bedrijs)leiders ........................................................................................ 58
15.4. Bedrijf zoekt betekenis .......................................................................................................... 58
15.5. Waarom economische groei niet meer zo evident is............................................................... 59
15.6. Een bedrijf als een gezond ecosysteem dat wil groeien........................................................... 61
15.7. Hoop op een florerende natuur en economie......................................................................... 62
15.8. De Creatieve kracht in de mens ............................................................................................. 63
16. Synthese....................................................................................................................................... 64
16.1. Evaluatie ............................................................................................................................... 64
16.2. 3 leerlijnen ............................................................................................................................ 64
16.3. Change or perish ................................................................................................................... 65
16.4. Kritische individu en stakeholder relaties ............................................................................... 65
16.5. Wat doen onze bedrijven? ..................................................................................................... 65
16.6. Belangrijke competenties in nieuwe economie (en in dit vak) ................................................. 65
17. Voorbeeldexamen zie blackboard.................................................................................................. 65
4
Contents
ETHISCH EN DUURZAAM ONDERNEMEN.....................................................................................................1
1. Praktische afspraken...........................................................................................................................5
1.1. Wat gaan we doen? (3 componenten) .........................................................................................5
1.2. Centrale competenties ................................................................................................................5
1.3. Evaluatie .....................................................................................................................................5
THEMA 1: ETHIEK & BEDRIJFSETHIEK ..........................................................................................................5
2. Waarden en normen...........................................................................................................................5
2.1. Terug naar het begin: Acht concepten .........................................................................................5
2.2. Invloed van waardeverschuivingen voor ondernemingen .............................................................8
3. A few notes on ethics .........................................................................................................................8
3.1. Ethisch redeneren.......................................................................................................................8
3.1.1. Consequentialisme...............................................................................................................8
3.1.2. Deontologie.........................................................................................................................9
3.1.3. Deugdenethiek ....................................................................................................................9
3.1.4. Verhouding tussen ethiek en de wet .....................................................................................9
3.1.5. Subjectivism and cultural relativism ......................................................................................9
3.2. Cognitively restructure the unethical choice so that it appears less harmful................................ 10
3.2.1. Reduce the distress caused to victim (niet besproken)......................................................... 10
3.2.2. Group animal – moral courage ........................................................................................... 10
3.2.3. Framing ............................................................................................................................. 10
3.2.4. Role differentiation ............................................................................................................ 10
3.2.5. Selective awareness ........................................................................................................... 11
3.2.6. Slippery slope .................................................................................................................... 11
3.3. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 11
4. Enactus: student engagement in social entrepreneurship: the world needs u… .................................. 12
4.1. Verplichte lectuur: Social Entrepreneurship: The Case for Definition........................................... 12
4.1.1. Entrepreneurial context (voorbeelden) ............................................................................... 12
4.1.2. Ondernemerskenmerken ................................................................................................... 12
4.1.3. Ondernemersresultaat ....................................................................................................... 13
4.1.4. Shift to Social Entrepreneurship.......................................................................................... 13
5. Toepassing van leerstof op 2 cases .................................................................................................... 13
5.1. Case 1: Analyst’s Dilemma ......................................................................................................... 13
5.2. Case 2: Accounting Fraud at WorldCom ..................................................................................... 15
5.3. Conclusie (herhaling)................................................................................................................. 16
6. Ethics and Compliance inside the organization .................................................................................. 16
6.1. What is at stake?....................................................................................................................... 16
6.1.1. The organisation goes over the line .................................................................................... 17
1
, 6.1.2. The employee goes over the line ........................................................................................ 17
6.2. Compliance: A brief history ....................................................................................................... 17
6.2.1. History of US frame of compliance...................................................................................... 17
6.2.2. The scandals - regulation cycle ........................................................................................... 18
6.2.3. Latest changes ................................................................................................................... 18
6.3. Building blocks of a compliance department and best practices.................................................. 18
6.3.1. US Sentencing Guidelines, the point of reference ................................................................ 18
Niet overlopen in de les. Je moet het gewoon eens lezen. Het is een stappenplan van hoe je tot een
goed compliance programma kunt komen......................................................................................... 18
6.3.2. Evolutions.......................................................................................................................... 19
6.3.3. Good practice .................................................................................................................... 19
6.3.4. Leadership: best practices .................................................................................................. 19
6.4. White-Paper: Facing moral dilemmas ........................................................................................ 20
THEMA 2: INTERACTIE TUSSEN ECONOMIE EN SAMENLEVING................................................................... 21
7. Vrije markt: eigenschappen, grondvoorwaarden, beperkingen, culturele invloed ............................... 21
7.1. Inhoud van deze les .................................................................................................................. 21
7.2. De markt als bedreiging............................................................................................................. 21
7.3. De markt als redding ................................................................................................................. 22
7.4. Eerste theorema welvaartseconomie......................................................................................... 22
7.4.1. Pareto Efficiëntie ............................................................................................................... 22
7.4.2. Normatieve kracht eerste theorema ................................................................................... 23
7.4.3. Competitie ........................................................................................................................ 23
7.5. Grondvoorwaarden van markten............................................................................................... 24
7.6. Beperkingen van markten ......................................................................................................... 24
8. Market and cultural change .............................................................................................................. 25
8.1. Polanyi, the great transformation from gift to market economy ................................................. 25
8.2. The market Challenge ............................................................................................................... 25
8.3. Economische groei en creatieve distructie ................................................................................. 26
8.4. Impact on ................................................................................................................................. 26
9. Change or perish : Why the transition towards sutainable business models is unavoidable ................. 27
9.1. Economic growth ...................................................................................................................... 27
9.2. Impact on Environment ............................................................................................................. 27
9.2.1. System change: basic concepts ........................................................................................... 27
9.3. Governmental dimension: Impact on State/Legislation .............................................................. 29
9.4. Impact on Values and Norms ..................................................................................................... 29
9.5. Macro-trends: Sustainable business: where are the risks and opportunities? .............................. 30
9.5.1. Peta and the angorra rabit.................................................................................................. 30
9.5.2. A History of Cheating EPA................................................................................................... 30
9.5.3. Materialiteitsmatrix ........................................................................................................... 30
9.6. Intermediate Conclusion on Macro-trends................................................................................. 31
2
, 9.6.1. Three ways in which soft values become hard: civil society, law and market (niet besproken)
31
9.6.2. Domains where the change is visible (ISO26000) (niet besproken) ....................................... 31
9.7. Critical attitude of Stakeholders (niet besproken)....................................................................... 31
THEMA 3: DUURZAAM ONDERNEMEN (LT trends) .................................................................................... 32
10. Milieu: circulaire economie ........................................................................................................... 32
10.1. Today and tomorrow... .......................................................................................................... 32
10.2. Sustainbility, the concept ... ................................................................................................... 32
10.3. Linear economy ... Current model and its consequences......................................................... 33
10.4. Circular economy … Concepts and definitions ........................................................................ 33
10.5. Legislative aspects ................................................................................................................. 33
10.6. A new business model ........................................................................................................... 34
10.7. Circular economy, resource productivity, economic growth and decoupling ........................... 35
10.8. Sharing economy................................................................................................................... 35
10.8.1. Tragedy of the commons.................................................................................................... 35
10.8.2. Tragedy of the commons revisited (3de oplossing) .............................................................. 36
11. Corporate Social Responsibility: Shareholder- vs. stakeholdertheorie ............................................. 36
11.1. Friedman: Aandeelhouders eerst I ......................................................................................... 36
11.2. Ed Freeman: Stakeholders eerst............................................................................................. 37
11.3. Waarom CSR ......................................................................................................................... 37
11.4. Probleem I ............................................................................................................................ 38
11.5. Probleem II ........................................................................................................................... 38
11.6. Heroriëntatie van het begrip CSR (Porter and Kramer, 2006/2011) ......................................... 38
11.7. CSR in de waardeketen .......................................................................................................... 38
11.8. Shared Value Creation Porter & Kramer 2011) ....................................................................... 39
11.9. Conclusie: een nieuw perspectief........................................................................................... 39
11.10. Kritiek? ................................................................................................................................. 40
11.10.1. Rethinking partners > system mapping > dynamic complexity insights .............................. 41
11.10.2. Re-aligning partners > stakeholder assessment > high impact collaboration ...................... 41
11.10.3. Renewing principles > values dialogue > shared synergic norm......................................... 41
11.10.4. Redefining purpose > strategic review > bold strategic goals ............................................ 41
11.10.5. Reassessing performance > value measurement > integrated value metrics...................... 42
11.10.6. Predesigning products > innovation catalysis > breakthrough societal solutions ................ 42
12. CSR and (S)RI: Transition towards sustainable business models ...................................................... 42
12.1. CSR : revising the role of the firm ........................................................................................... 42
12.2. RI : a way to discipline corporations and increase their positive impact on society .................. 43
12.3. RI strategies to encourage CSR............................................................................................... 44
Exclusion – avoidance: selection based on negative screens (sin stocks): ............................................. 44
Best in class – benchmarking: selection based on relative performance: ................................................. 45
Stakeholder engagement – dialogue: use of voice and exit mechanisms involving ................................... 46
Can be public or private, individual or collective .................................................................................... 46
3
, 12.4. How is RI stimulating CSR?..................................................................................................... 46
12.5. RI: reorientation of capital flows ............................................................................................ 46
Inclusion: Thematic investing: invest in certain sector based on their positive impact on societies ............ 46
Impact investing: impact: investments intended to create positive impact beyond financial returns ..... 47
12.6. The Green Deal ..................................................................................................................... 48
13. Werknemer .................................................................................................................................. 50
14. Consument : productverantwoordelijkheid, reclame (kort besproken) ........................................... 53
15. Samenvatting uit cahiers ............................................................................................................... 54
15.1. De Creatieve kracht in de mens (interview met Thomas Leysen) ............................................. 54
15.2. Ondernemersinitiatief in transitie als economie van de hoop ................................................. 55
15.3. Hoop en de rol van (bedrijs)leiders ........................................................................................ 58
15.4. Bedrijf zoekt betekenis .......................................................................................................... 58
15.5. Waarom economische groei niet meer zo evident is............................................................... 59
15.6. Een bedrijf als een gezond ecosysteem dat wil groeien........................................................... 61
15.7. Hoop op een florerende natuur en economie......................................................................... 62
15.8. De Creatieve kracht in de mens ............................................................................................. 63
16. Synthese....................................................................................................................................... 64
16.1. Evaluatie ............................................................................................................................... 64
16.2. 3 leerlijnen ............................................................................................................................ 64
16.3. Change or perish ................................................................................................................... 65
16.4. Kritische individu en stakeholder relaties ............................................................................... 65
16.5. Wat doen onze bedrijven? ..................................................................................................... 65
16.6. Belangrijke competenties in nieuwe economie (en in dit vak) ................................................. 65
17. Voorbeeldexamen zie blackboard.................................................................................................. 65
4
