Samenvatting Antropologie SEM 2 Roel Dewit
Inhoud
1 Les 1 (14/02): Inleiding........................................................................................................................5
1.1 Het vak..........................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Waarom antropologie?.................................................................................................................5
1.2.1 De nood aan antropologie in de moderne samenleving........................................................6
1.2.2 Hello antropologie.................................................................................................................7
1.3 Wat is antropologie?....................................................................................................................7
1.3.1 Antropologische inzichten.....................................................................................................7
1.3.2 VS Andere sociale wetenschappen........................................................................................7
1.3.3 Antropologie VS Sociologie....................................................................................................8
1.3.4 Verschillende vormen van antropologie................................................................................8
1.3.5 Mozart in Groenland..............................................................................................................9
1.3.6 Participerende Observatie.....................................................................................................9
1.4 Evolutionisme en diffusionisme....................................................................................................9
1.4.1 Verlichting en evolutionisme.................................................................................................9
1.4.2 Diffusionisme.......................................................................................................................10
1.5 Founding fathers.........................................................................................................................10
1.5.1 Franz Boas (1858 – 1942) aka “papa Franz”.........................................................................10
1.5.2 Bronislaw Malinowsky (1884-1942).....................................................................................11
1.5.3 Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown (1881 - 1955)....................................................................12
1.5.4 Marcel mauss (1872-1950)..................................................................................................13
1.6 FOUNDING Mothers?.................................................................................................................13
1.6.1 Ruth Benedict (1887-1947)..................................................................................................13
1.6.2 Margaret Mead (1901-1978)...............................................................................................14
1.7 Arabische/afrikaans-amerikaanse/afrikaanse/aziatische antropologen.....................................16
1.7.1 Edward blyden.....................................................................................................................16
1.7.2 W.E.B. dubois.......................................................................................................................16
1.7.3 Nirmal Kumar Bose..............................................................................................................16
1.7.4 Ibn khaldun..........................................................................................................................17
1.8 Key Concepten............................................................................................................................17
1.8.1 Taal......................................................................................................................................17
1.8.2 “Persoon”............................................................................................................................17
1.8.3 “Persoon” = Gender.............................................................................................................17
1.8.4 “Samenleving”.....................................................................................................................18
1.8.5 “Cultuur”..............................................................................................................................18
1
,Samenvatting Antropologie SEM 2 Roel Dewit
1.8.6 “Vertaling”...........................................................................................................................19
1.8.7 “Vergelijking”.......................................................................................................................19
1.8.8 “Holisme en Context”..........................................................................................................19
1.9 OPDRACHT..................................................................................................................................20
2 Les 2 (21/02): Theorie + Verwantschap.............................................................................................20
2.1 Antropologische theorieën.........................................................................................................20
2.1.1 Structureel functionalisme...................................................................................................20
2.1.2 Cultuur en persoonlijkheid...................................................................................................21
2.1.3 Agency and society..............................................................................................................22
2.1.4 Structuralisme......................................................................................................................23
2.1.5 Primacy of the material.......................................................................................................24
2.1.6 Interpretatieve antropologie...............................................................................................24
2.1.7 Antropologie vandaag..........................................................................................................25
2.2 Verwantschap en sociale organisatie..........................................................................................25
2.3 Afstammingssystemen................................................................................................................27
2.4 Unilineaire afstamming...............................................................................................................29
2.5 Structuren van afstammingssystemen........................................................................................32
2.6 Niet-unilineaire systemen...........................................................................................................34
2.7 Terminologie verwanten.............................................................................................................37
2.8 Huwelijk......................................................................................................................................38
2.9 Residentiepatronen....................................................................................................................41
2.10 Enkele variaties/voorbeelden/curiosa......................................................................................43
3 Les 3 (28/02): Etnografie...................................................................................................................44
3.1 Etnografie...................................................................................................................................44
3.1.1 Etnografie over de jaren heen.............................................................................................44
3.1.2 Vormen etnografie...............................................................................................................45
3.1.3 Wat is etnografie.................................................................................................................45
3.1.4 Hoofdkenmerken etnografie (Hammersley& Atkinson, 2007).............................................45
3.1.5 Netnografie..........................................................................................................................46
3.2 Veldwerk.....................................................................................................................................46
3.2.1 Voor veldwerk......................................................................................................................46
3.2.2 Veldwerk dynamieken.........................................................................................................47
3.2.3 Empirisch materiaal.............................................................................................................47
3.2.4 Participant observation........................................................................................................47
3.2.5 Things that may go wrong...................................................................................................49
3.3 Discussie Vraag: Kan etnocentrisme in veldwerk vermeden worden?.......................................49
2
,Samenvatting Antropologie SEM 2 Roel Dewit
3.3.1 Dagboek Malinowski............................................................................................................50
3.3.2 Native point of view.............................................................................................................50
3.3.3 Emic vs etic..........................................................................................................................50
3.3.4 Vrouwenbesnijdenis............................................................................................................50
3.3.5 Antropologie na 1970s.........................................................................................................51
3.3.6 Thomas theorem.................................................................................................................51
3.4 Reflecties....................................................................................................................................51
3.4.1 Visie van Ulf Hannerz: Ambities (overgeslagen id les).........................................................51
3.4.2 Visie van Ulf Hannerz: Plaats (overgeslagen id les)..............................................................51
3.4.3 Visie van Ulf Hannerz: Globalisering (overgeslagen id les)...................................................51
3.4.4 George Marcus: Multi – Sited Ethnography: “following”.....................................................52
3.4.5 Russell King: Mixed Methods...............................................................................................52
3.5 Etnografisch onderzoek in scholen.............................................................................................53
3.5.1 Eigen veldwerk.....................................................................................................................53
4 LES 4 (07/03): Reciprocity..................................................................................................................58
4.1 Reciprocity/wederkerigheid.......................................................................................................58
4.1.1 Reciprocity...........................................................................................................................58
4.1.2 The gift.................................................................................................................................59
4.1.3 Functie samenleving............................................................................................................59
4.1.4 Kula ring...............................................................................................................................60
4.1.5 Potlatch institution van de Tlingit & Haida (N. Amerika).....................................................61
4.1.6 Mauss..................................................................................................................................62
4.2 Vormen van integratie................................................................................................................62
5 LES 5 (14/03): Nature.........................................................................................................................64
5.1 Nature.........................................................................................................................................64
5.2 Inner nature................................................................................................................................64
5.3 External nature...........................................................................................................................66
5.4 Natuur als sociale constructie.....................................................................................................67
5.5 The implicit and the embodied...................................................................................................69
5.6 Sociobiologie...............................................................................................................................70
5.7 Klimaatmigratie..........................................................................................................................70
6 LES 6 (21/03): THOUGHT...................................................................................................................76
6.1 Gedachten..................................................................................................................................76
6.2 The rationality debate................................................................................................................77
6.3 Hekserij vs magie in antropologie...............................................................................................77
6.4 Evans-Pritchard...........................................................................................................................78
3
, Samenvatting Antropologie SEM 2 Roel Dewit
6.4.1 Evans-Pritchard: Azande......................................................................................................78
6.4.2 Evans-Pritchard....................................................................................................................78
6.4.3 Evans-Pritchard: 3 soorten kennis.......................................................................................78
6.5 Hekserij.......................................................................................................................................78
6.6 Kritiek Vragen in antropologie...................................................................................................79
6.7 Antwoorden?..............................................................................................................................79
6.8 Classificatie en pollutie...............................................................................................................79
6.9 Toepassen studie Douglas in studie rond multi-etnische samenleving.......................................80
6.10 The savage mind.......................................................................................................................81
6.11 THOUGHT AND TECHNOLOGY..................................................................................................81
7 LES 7 (28/03): Huwelijksmigratie, moederschap en integratie bij Marokkaanse vrouwen in
Vlaanderen (Gastcollege).....................................................................................................................82
7.1 Algemeen PhD onderzoek..........................................................................................................82
7.2 Genderperspectief op migratie...................................................................................................83
7.3 Waarom dit hoofdstuk/artikel....................................................................................................83
7.4 Theorie........................................................................................................................................85
7.5 Methode.....................................................................................................................................86
7.6 Toen ma naar mars vertrok........................................................................................................87
7.7 Bespreking docu.........................................................................................................................87
8 LES 8 (25/04): Identification..............................................................................................................88
8.1 Sociale identificatie.....................................................................................................................89
8.2 Cultuur en identificatie...............................................................................................................89
8.3 Relationele en situationele identificatie.....................................................................................91
8.4 Imperatieve en gekozen identiteit..............................................................................................92
8.5 Mate van identificatie.................................................................................................................94
8.6 Anomaliën..................................................................................................................................94
9 LES 9: Gastcollege: Een antropologische kijk op mentale gezondheid en migratie...........................95
9.1 Geestelijke gezondheid: geschiedenis........................................................................................95
9.2 Psychiatrische antropologie........................................................................................................96
9.3 Belangrijke concepten................................................................................................................98
9.4 Culturele verschillen geestelijke gezondheid..............................................................................98
9.5 Migratie......................................................................................................................................99
9.5.1 Racisme en discriminatie...................................................................................................100
9.6 Gezondheidszorg......................................................................................................................101
9.7 Doctoraatsonderzoek...............................................................................................................101
4
Inhoud
1 Les 1 (14/02): Inleiding........................................................................................................................5
1.1 Het vak..........................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Waarom antropologie?.................................................................................................................5
1.2.1 De nood aan antropologie in de moderne samenleving........................................................6
1.2.2 Hello antropologie.................................................................................................................7
1.3 Wat is antropologie?....................................................................................................................7
1.3.1 Antropologische inzichten.....................................................................................................7
1.3.2 VS Andere sociale wetenschappen........................................................................................7
1.3.3 Antropologie VS Sociologie....................................................................................................8
1.3.4 Verschillende vormen van antropologie................................................................................8
1.3.5 Mozart in Groenland..............................................................................................................9
1.3.6 Participerende Observatie.....................................................................................................9
1.4 Evolutionisme en diffusionisme....................................................................................................9
1.4.1 Verlichting en evolutionisme.................................................................................................9
1.4.2 Diffusionisme.......................................................................................................................10
1.5 Founding fathers.........................................................................................................................10
1.5.1 Franz Boas (1858 – 1942) aka “papa Franz”.........................................................................10
1.5.2 Bronislaw Malinowsky (1884-1942).....................................................................................11
1.5.3 Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown (1881 - 1955)....................................................................12
1.5.4 Marcel mauss (1872-1950)..................................................................................................13
1.6 FOUNDING Mothers?.................................................................................................................13
1.6.1 Ruth Benedict (1887-1947)..................................................................................................13
1.6.2 Margaret Mead (1901-1978)...............................................................................................14
1.7 Arabische/afrikaans-amerikaanse/afrikaanse/aziatische antropologen.....................................16
1.7.1 Edward blyden.....................................................................................................................16
1.7.2 W.E.B. dubois.......................................................................................................................16
1.7.3 Nirmal Kumar Bose..............................................................................................................16
1.7.4 Ibn khaldun..........................................................................................................................17
1.8 Key Concepten............................................................................................................................17
1.8.1 Taal......................................................................................................................................17
1.8.2 “Persoon”............................................................................................................................17
1.8.3 “Persoon” = Gender.............................................................................................................17
1.8.4 “Samenleving”.....................................................................................................................18
1.8.5 “Cultuur”..............................................................................................................................18
1
,Samenvatting Antropologie SEM 2 Roel Dewit
1.8.6 “Vertaling”...........................................................................................................................19
1.8.7 “Vergelijking”.......................................................................................................................19
1.8.8 “Holisme en Context”..........................................................................................................19
1.9 OPDRACHT..................................................................................................................................20
2 Les 2 (21/02): Theorie + Verwantschap.............................................................................................20
2.1 Antropologische theorieën.........................................................................................................20
2.1.1 Structureel functionalisme...................................................................................................20
2.1.2 Cultuur en persoonlijkheid...................................................................................................21
2.1.3 Agency and society..............................................................................................................22
2.1.4 Structuralisme......................................................................................................................23
2.1.5 Primacy of the material.......................................................................................................24
2.1.6 Interpretatieve antropologie...............................................................................................24
2.1.7 Antropologie vandaag..........................................................................................................25
2.2 Verwantschap en sociale organisatie..........................................................................................25
2.3 Afstammingssystemen................................................................................................................27
2.4 Unilineaire afstamming...............................................................................................................29
2.5 Structuren van afstammingssystemen........................................................................................32
2.6 Niet-unilineaire systemen...........................................................................................................34
2.7 Terminologie verwanten.............................................................................................................37
2.8 Huwelijk......................................................................................................................................38
2.9 Residentiepatronen....................................................................................................................41
2.10 Enkele variaties/voorbeelden/curiosa......................................................................................43
3 Les 3 (28/02): Etnografie...................................................................................................................44
3.1 Etnografie...................................................................................................................................44
3.1.1 Etnografie over de jaren heen.............................................................................................44
3.1.2 Vormen etnografie...............................................................................................................45
3.1.3 Wat is etnografie.................................................................................................................45
3.1.4 Hoofdkenmerken etnografie (Hammersley& Atkinson, 2007).............................................45
3.1.5 Netnografie..........................................................................................................................46
3.2 Veldwerk.....................................................................................................................................46
3.2.1 Voor veldwerk......................................................................................................................46
3.2.2 Veldwerk dynamieken.........................................................................................................47
3.2.3 Empirisch materiaal.............................................................................................................47
3.2.4 Participant observation........................................................................................................47
3.2.5 Things that may go wrong...................................................................................................49
3.3 Discussie Vraag: Kan etnocentrisme in veldwerk vermeden worden?.......................................49
2
,Samenvatting Antropologie SEM 2 Roel Dewit
3.3.1 Dagboek Malinowski............................................................................................................50
3.3.2 Native point of view.............................................................................................................50
3.3.3 Emic vs etic..........................................................................................................................50
3.3.4 Vrouwenbesnijdenis............................................................................................................50
3.3.5 Antropologie na 1970s.........................................................................................................51
3.3.6 Thomas theorem.................................................................................................................51
3.4 Reflecties....................................................................................................................................51
3.4.1 Visie van Ulf Hannerz: Ambities (overgeslagen id les).........................................................51
3.4.2 Visie van Ulf Hannerz: Plaats (overgeslagen id les)..............................................................51
3.4.3 Visie van Ulf Hannerz: Globalisering (overgeslagen id les)...................................................51
3.4.4 George Marcus: Multi – Sited Ethnography: “following”.....................................................52
3.4.5 Russell King: Mixed Methods...............................................................................................52
3.5 Etnografisch onderzoek in scholen.............................................................................................53
3.5.1 Eigen veldwerk.....................................................................................................................53
4 LES 4 (07/03): Reciprocity..................................................................................................................58
4.1 Reciprocity/wederkerigheid.......................................................................................................58
4.1.1 Reciprocity...........................................................................................................................58
4.1.2 The gift.................................................................................................................................59
4.1.3 Functie samenleving............................................................................................................59
4.1.4 Kula ring...............................................................................................................................60
4.1.5 Potlatch institution van de Tlingit & Haida (N. Amerika).....................................................61
4.1.6 Mauss..................................................................................................................................62
4.2 Vormen van integratie................................................................................................................62
5 LES 5 (14/03): Nature.........................................................................................................................64
5.1 Nature.........................................................................................................................................64
5.2 Inner nature................................................................................................................................64
5.3 External nature...........................................................................................................................66
5.4 Natuur als sociale constructie.....................................................................................................67
5.5 The implicit and the embodied...................................................................................................69
5.6 Sociobiologie...............................................................................................................................70
5.7 Klimaatmigratie..........................................................................................................................70
6 LES 6 (21/03): THOUGHT...................................................................................................................76
6.1 Gedachten..................................................................................................................................76
6.2 The rationality debate................................................................................................................77
6.3 Hekserij vs magie in antropologie...............................................................................................77
6.4 Evans-Pritchard...........................................................................................................................78
3
, Samenvatting Antropologie SEM 2 Roel Dewit
6.4.1 Evans-Pritchard: Azande......................................................................................................78
6.4.2 Evans-Pritchard....................................................................................................................78
6.4.3 Evans-Pritchard: 3 soorten kennis.......................................................................................78
6.5 Hekserij.......................................................................................................................................78
6.6 Kritiek Vragen in antropologie...................................................................................................79
6.7 Antwoorden?..............................................................................................................................79
6.8 Classificatie en pollutie...............................................................................................................79
6.9 Toepassen studie Douglas in studie rond multi-etnische samenleving.......................................80
6.10 The savage mind.......................................................................................................................81
6.11 THOUGHT AND TECHNOLOGY..................................................................................................81
7 LES 7 (28/03): Huwelijksmigratie, moederschap en integratie bij Marokkaanse vrouwen in
Vlaanderen (Gastcollege).....................................................................................................................82
7.1 Algemeen PhD onderzoek..........................................................................................................82
7.2 Genderperspectief op migratie...................................................................................................83
7.3 Waarom dit hoofdstuk/artikel....................................................................................................83
7.4 Theorie........................................................................................................................................85
7.5 Methode.....................................................................................................................................86
7.6 Toen ma naar mars vertrok........................................................................................................87
7.7 Bespreking docu.........................................................................................................................87
8 LES 8 (25/04): Identification..............................................................................................................88
8.1 Sociale identificatie.....................................................................................................................89
8.2 Cultuur en identificatie...............................................................................................................89
8.3 Relationele en situationele identificatie.....................................................................................91
8.4 Imperatieve en gekozen identiteit..............................................................................................92
8.5 Mate van identificatie.................................................................................................................94
8.6 Anomaliën..................................................................................................................................94
9 LES 9: Gastcollege: Een antropologische kijk op mentale gezondheid en migratie...........................95
9.1 Geestelijke gezondheid: geschiedenis........................................................................................95
9.2 Psychiatrische antropologie........................................................................................................96
9.3 Belangrijke concepten................................................................................................................98
9.4 Culturele verschillen geestelijke gezondheid..............................................................................98
9.5 Migratie......................................................................................................................................99
9.5.1 Racisme en discriminatie...................................................................................................100
9.6 Gezondheidszorg......................................................................................................................101
9.7 Doctoraatsonderzoek...............................................................................................................101
4
