Chapter 05 Theories and Therapies

Chapter 05 Theories and Therapies/ 1. A male client who has a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is seen in the emergency department with complaints of chest pain, shortness of breath, and inability to concentrate, along with feelings of overwhelming anxiety. The nurse uses Maslow’s theory to triage the client’s complaints, knowing that which complaint must be addressed first? a. Inability to concentrate b. Shortness of breath c. Overwhelming anxiety d. Chest pain ANS: B According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the nurse first must address shortness of breath, followed by chest pain, and then feelings of overwhelming anxiety and inability to concentrate. Even though, based on his diagnostic history, this client may be having a panic attack, the nurse cannot ignore basic needs that are not being met first. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 46 OBJ: 4 TOP: Humanistic Theories and Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. According to Freud’s theory, a baby who is crying in response to wanting to be held by his mother is an example of whicNhUpRarSt oIfNthGeTpBCnaOliMty’s control over behavior? a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Self-control ANS: A According to Freud, the id is the pleasure center of the brain that seeks immediate pleasure or avoids pain, without regard for possible outcomes. The ego is reality based and has more control than the id; the superego is not developed in early childhood because it includes a conscience. Self-control is not a component of Freud’s theory of personality. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 40 OBJ: 2 TOP: Psychoanalytical Theories KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 3. According to the theorist Erik Erikson, an individual strives to actualize his identity, is most productive, and demonstrates guidance of and concern for others with a core task of caring during which stage of psychosocial development? a. Young adulthood (18 to 25 years) b. Maturity (65 years to death) c. Middle adulthood (25 to 65 years) d. Puberty (12 to 18 years) ANS: C The characteristics of striving to actualize identity, being most productive, and demonstrating guidance of and concern for others, according to Erikson, are seen during middle adulthood. Individuals who do not achieve the core task of caring become stagnant, self-indulgent, and absorbed in themselves. The core task of young adulthood is love; the core task of maturity is wisdom; and the core task of puberty is fidelity. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 44 OBJ: 3 TOP: Developmental Theories and Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. During a therapy session, a client is asked to respond to a word with the first word or phrase that comes to mind. What term is commonly used to refer to this technique? a. Transference relationship b. Dream analysis c. Free association d. Psychoanalysis ANS: C Free association is a technique that is used to interpret the real meaning behind word association. Dream analysis is a technique that is used to interpret the meaning of an individual’s dreams as they relate to their unconscious conflicts. Psychoanalysis is the form of therapy developed by Freud, and transference relationship is the technique used during therapy when the client transfers to the therapist emotions associated with significant people in his life. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 42 OBJ: 2 TOP: Psychoanalytical Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: ANssUesRsmSeIntNGMTSBC.: ClOieMnt Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 5. Carl Jung was the founder of analytical psychotherapy; he differed from Freud in that he believed that the mind was divided into three levels: the conscious ego, the personal unconscious, and the: a. Extroverted personality b. Introverted personality c. Psyche d. Collective unconscious ANS: D The collective unconscious stores experiences from the person’s ancestral past and is part of what Jung believed was the third level of the mind. Extroversion and introversion were parts of the personality that Jung identified. Psyche is the mental or spiritual part of a person. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 42 OBJ: 2 TOP: Analytical Psychotherapy KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 6. Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development identifies an interrelationship between the and the functions in the development of one’s personality. a. Id, ego b. Intellectual, emotional c. Anxiety, affective d. Personified, cognitive ANS: B Piaget believed that growth and development occurred as a result of the interrelationship between intellectual (cognitive) and emotional (affective) development. The id and the ego are part of Freud’s beliefs regarding personality development. Anxiety is a vague feeling of uneasiness. Personification is a term developed by the theorist Sullivan to describe distorted images of certain relationships that occur in development of the personality. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 43 OBJ: 3 TOP: Developmental Theories and Therapies KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 7. How many stages of the human life cycle did Erik Erikson identify? a. Two b. Four c. Six d. Eight