GESPECIALISEERDE
FARMACOLOGIE
Wat een zooitje
DOOR JOCHEM HULPIAU EN ELLIOTT BROSENS
Ugent
,Inhoudsopgave
1. AUTONOOM ZENUWSTELSEL.......................................................................5
I. CHOLINERGE TRANSMISSIE..................................................................................................5
1.1 Muscarine agonisten............................................................................................. 5
1.2 Muscarine antagonisten........................................................................................5
1.3 Neuromusculaire blokkerende agentia..................................................................6
1.4a Cholinesterase inhibitors.....................................................................................6
1.4b Cholinesterase inhibitoren voor Alzheimer..........................................................7
II. NORADRENERGE TRANSMISSIE............................................................................................8
1.1. Adrenoreceptor Agonisten...................................................................................8
1.2. Adrenoreceptor antagonisten...............................................................................9
1.3. Drugs met effect op NOR synthese....................................................................11
1.4. Drugs met effect op NOR secretie, (re-)uptake of afbraak.................................11
2. CENTRAAL ZENUWSTELSEL........................................................................12
I. SEDATIEVE, HYPNOTISCHE EN ANXIOLYTISCHE DRUGS..............................................................12
1. Benzodiazepines................................................................................................... 12
2. z-producten........................................................................................................... 12
3. Barbituraten.......................................................................................................... 12
4. Melatonine............................................................................................................ 13
II. ANTIDEPRESSIVA............................................................................................................ 13
1. Reuptake inhibitors, monoamine uptake inhibitors...............................................13
2. Sint-janskruid........................................................................................................ 14
3. Monoamine oxidase inhibitoren, MAOIs.................................................................14
4. Antidepressiva met actie op neuroreceptoren......................................................15
5. Vortioxetine........................................................................................................... 15
6. Esketamine........................................................................................................... 15
7. Lithium.................................................................................................................. 15
III. ANTIPSYCHOTICA........................................................................................................... 16
1. Typische antipsychotica........................................................................................16
2. Atypische antipsychotica......................................................................................16
IV. CENTRALE STIMULANTIA.................................................................................................. 16
1. Amfetamines en gerelateerden geneesmiddelen..................................................16
2. Atomoxetine.......................................................................................................... 17
3. Cocaïne................................................................................................................. 17
V. DRUGS BIJ VERSLAVING................................................................................................... 17
1. alcoholverslaving.................................................................................................. 17
2. tabakverslaving..................................................................................................... 17
VI. DRUGS BIJ PARKINSON’S................................................................................................. 18
1. L-DOPA + DDC inhibitor......................................................................................... 18
2. Catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) inhibitors..................................................18
3. Mono-amino-oxidase b (MAO-b) inhibitors.............................................................18
4. Dopamine-agonists............................................................................................... 18
5. Muscarinic antagonists.......................................................................................... 18
VII. ANTI-EPILEPTICA.......................................................................................................... 19
1. Klassieke anti-epileptica:......................................................................................19
2. Nieuwe anti-epileptica...........................................................................................20
VIII. DRUGS BIJ SPASMEN.................................................................................................... 20
1. Centrale spierverslappers.....................................................................................20
2. Perifere spierverslappers......................................................................................20
IX. DRUGS BIJ MIGRAINE..................................................................................................... 21
1. Drugs bij een acute migraine aanval.....................................................................21
2. Profylactische antimigraine drugs.........................................................................21
3. CARDIOVASCULAIR SYSTEEM.....................................................................22
I. ANTIHYPERTENSIVA MET CENTRALE AANGRIJPING....................................................................22
Vasodilatoren............................................................................................................ 22
1
, II. ANTIANGINALE DRUGS..................................................................................................... 22
1. Nitrovasodilatoren................................................................................................. 23
III. DRUGS BIJ HARTFALEN.................................................................................................... 23
1. digitalis glycosiden................................................................................................ 23
2. PDE III – inhibitoren............................................................................................... 24
3. Ca2+ antagonisten............................................................................................... 24
4. RAAS-Systeem...................................................................................................... 25
5. Diuretica............................................................................................................... 25
IV. ANTIARRHYTHMICA........................................................................................................ 26
1. Klasse I (A, B, C): snelle Na+ kanaal blokkers.......................................................27
2. Klasse II: Bèta-blokkers.........................................................................................27
3. Klasse III: K+ kanaal blokkers...............................................................................27
4. Klasse IV: Ca2+ kanaal blokkers...........................................................................27
5. Adenosine............................................................................................................. 27
V. HYPOLIPIDEMISCHE DRUGS............................................................................................... 28
1. Statines................................................................................................................. 28
2. Fibraten................................................................................................................. 28
3. Drugs die cholesterol absorptie inhiberen.............................................................29
VI. ANTISTOLLINGSMIDDELEN............................................................................................... 30
1. Anti-aggregantia................................................................................................... 30
2. Anticoagulantia..................................................................................................... 32
3. Thrombolytica....................................................................................................... 33
4. ENDOCRIEN SYSTEEM...............................................................................33
I. ANTIDIABETISCHE DRUGS.................................................................................................. 33
1. Insuline................................................................................................................. 34
2. Metformine............................................................................................................ 34
3. hypoglycemische sulfonamides............................................................................34
4. glinides................................................................................................................. 34
5. glitazones.............................................................................................................. 35
6. incretine mimetica/ GLP-1 agonisten.....................................................................35
7. DDP-4-Inhibitoren (gliptines).................................................................................35
8. SGLT2 inhibitoren (gliflozines)...............................................................................35
9. Glucagon............................................................................................................... 36
II. OBESITAS..................................................................................................................... 36
1. GLP-1 agonisten.................................................................................................... 36
2. GLP-1/GIP dual incretin mimetics..........................................................................36
3. GLP-1/Glucagon duale receptor agonisten............................................................36
4. upcoming weight-loss drugs..................................................................................36
III. THYROID..................................................................................................................... 37
1. Thyroidhormonen.................................................................................................. 37
2. Thyrostatica.......................................................................................................... 37
3. Iodide.................................................................................................................... 37
4. Radioactief iodine.................................................................................................37
IV. CORTICOSTEROIDEN....................................................................................................... 38
V. HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOFYSAIRE HORMONEN............................................................................39
1. Vasopressine analogen......................................................................................... 39
2. GH, somatostatine en analogen............................................................................40
VI. GESLACHTSHORMONEN EN GERELATEERDEN.......................................................................41
1. Oestrogeen........................................................................................................... 41
2. Selectieve oestrogeen receptor modulatoren (SERM) en anti-oestrogenen..........41
3. Aromatase inhibitoren........................................................................................... 42
4. progestogenen...................................................................................................... 42
5. Hormonale contraceptiva......................................................................................42
6. Androgenen en anabole-steroïden........................................................................43
7. Anti-androgenen................................................................................................... 44
8. Drugs tegen lactatie en hyperprolactemie............................................................45
9. Drugs met effect op uterusmotiliteit.....................................................................45
5. GASTRO-INTESTINAAL STELSEL.................................................................47
2
, I. DRUGS BIJ MAAG-DARM PATHOLOGIE...................................................................................47
1. Inhibitoren van maagzuursecretie.........................................................................47
2. Antacida................................................................................................................ 48
II. DRUGS BIJ PROBLEMEN VAN GALKANAAL EN PANCREAS...........................................................48
Introductie- IBD......................................................................................................... 49
III. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES......................................................................................49
1. 5-aminosalicylaten................................................................................................49
2. Glucocorticoiden................................................................................................... 50
3. immunosuppresiva................................................................................................50
4. biologicals............................................................................................................. 50
5. Proteine kinase inhibitoren....................................................................................50
IV. SPASMOLYTICA.............................................................................................................. 50
1. anticholinergica..................................................................................................... 50
2. musculotrope spasmolytische agentia..................................................................50
3. Pepermunt en combinaties...................................................................................50
V. ANTI-EMETICA............................................................................................................... 50
1. Scopolamine......................................................................................................... 51
2. H1-Receptor antagonisten....................................................................................51
3. Antipsychotica....................................................................................................... 51
4. Agentia die GI motiliteit verhogen.........................................................................51
5. 5-HT3 receptor antagonisten................................................................................51
6. NK1 receptor antagonisten...................................................................................52
VI. LAXEERMIDDELEN......................................................................................................... 52
1. Bulk-forming laxatives.......................................................................................... 52
2. Lubricante laxativa................................................................................................ 52
3. Osmotische laxativa..............................................................................................52
4. contactlaxativa..................................................................................................... 53
5. Prucalopride.......................................................................................................... 53
VII. DRUGS TEGEN DIARREE................................................................................................. 53
1. ORS....................................................................................................................... 53
2. adsorbentia........................................................................................................... 54
3. transit inhibitoren.................................................................................................. 54
4. inhibitie van secreties........................................................................................... 54
5. Papaver somniferum............................................................................................. 54
6. Probiotica.............................................................................................................. 54
6. OSTEO-ARTICULAIR STELSEL.....................................................................54
I. ANTIREUMATOÏDE DRUGS.................................................................................................. 54
II. DRUGS TEGEN JICHT....................................................................................................... 56
III. DRUGS BIJ OSTEOPOROSE & ZIEKTE VAN PAGET..................................................................57
7. PIJN, KOORTS & INFLAMMATIE...................................................................59
I. CYCLO-OXYGENASE INHIBITOREN........................................................................................59
II. NARCOTISCHE ANALGETISCHE AGENTIA...............................................................................61
1. pure agonist.......................................................................................................... 61
2. partiele agonisten of mixed agonist/ antagonist...................................................61
3. antagonisten......................................................................................................... 62
8. RESPIRATOIR STELSEL..............................................................................63
I. ASTHMA........................................................................................................................ 63
II. COPD......................................................................................................................... 63
1. B2-adrenoreceptor agonisten................................................................................63
2. anticholinergica = muscarine-R antagonisten.......................................................64
3. inhalatie glucocorticoiden.....................................................................................64
4. cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonisten.........................................................64
5. theofylline............................................................................................................. 64
6. Sodium chromoglicaat.......................................................................................... 65
7. monoclonale Antilichamen....................................................................................65
III. DRUGS TEGEN HET HOESTEN........................................................................................... 65
IV. MUCOLYTICA................................................................................................................ 65
3
FARMACOLOGIE
Wat een zooitje
DOOR JOCHEM HULPIAU EN ELLIOTT BROSENS
Ugent
,Inhoudsopgave
1. AUTONOOM ZENUWSTELSEL.......................................................................5
I. CHOLINERGE TRANSMISSIE..................................................................................................5
1.1 Muscarine agonisten............................................................................................. 5
1.2 Muscarine antagonisten........................................................................................5
1.3 Neuromusculaire blokkerende agentia..................................................................6
1.4a Cholinesterase inhibitors.....................................................................................6
1.4b Cholinesterase inhibitoren voor Alzheimer..........................................................7
II. NORADRENERGE TRANSMISSIE............................................................................................8
1.1. Adrenoreceptor Agonisten...................................................................................8
1.2. Adrenoreceptor antagonisten...............................................................................9
1.3. Drugs met effect op NOR synthese....................................................................11
1.4. Drugs met effect op NOR secretie, (re-)uptake of afbraak.................................11
2. CENTRAAL ZENUWSTELSEL........................................................................12
I. SEDATIEVE, HYPNOTISCHE EN ANXIOLYTISCHE DRUGS..............................................................12
1. Benzodiazepines................................................................................................... 12
2. z-producten........................................................................................................... 12
3. Barbituraten.......................................................................................................... 12
4. Melatonine............................................................................................................ 13
II. ANTIDEPRESSIVA............................................................................................................ 13
1. Reuptake inhibitors, monoamine uptake inhibitors...............................................13
2. Sint-janskruid........................................................................................................ 14
3. Monoamine oxidase inhibitoren, MAOIs.................................................................14
4. Antidepressiva met actie op neuroreceptoren......................................................15
5. Vortioxetine........................................................................................................... 15
6. Esketamine........................................................................................................... 15
7. Lithium.................................................................................................................. 15
III. ANTIPSYCHOTICA........................................................................................................... 16
1. Typische antipsychotica........................................................................................16
2. Atypische antipsychotica......................................................................................16
IV. CENTRALE STIMULANTIA.................................................................................................. 16
1. Amfetamines en gerelateerden geneesmiddelen..................................................16
2. Atomoxetine.......................................................................................................... 17
3. Cocaïne................................................................................................................. 17
V. DRUGS BIJ VERSLAVING................................................................................................... 17
1. alcoholverslaving.................................................................................................. 17
2. tabakverslaving..................................................................................................... 17
VI. DRUGS BIJ PARKINSON’S................................................................................................. 18
1. L-DOPA + DDC inhibitor......................................................................................... 18
2. Catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) inhibitors..................................................18
3. Mono-amino-oxidase b (MAO-b) inhibitors.............................................................18
4. Dopamine-agonists............................................................................................... 18
5. Muscarinic antagonists.......................................................................................... 18
VII. ANTI-EPILEPTICA.......................................................................................................... 19
1. Klassieke anti-epileptica:......................................................................................19
2. Nieuwe anti-epileptica...........................................................................................20
VIII. DRUGS BIJ SPASMEN.................................................................................................... 20
1. Centrale spierverslappers.....................................................................................20
2. Perifere spierverslappers......................................................................................20
IX. DRUGS BIJ MIGRAINE..................................................................................................... 21
1. Drugs bij een acute migraine aanval.....................................................................21
2. Profylactische antimigraine drugs.........................................................................21
3. CARDIOVASCULAIR SYSTEEM.....................................................................22
I. ANTIHYPERTENSIVA MET CENTRALE AANGRIJPING....................................................................22
Vasodilatoren............................................................................................................ 22
1
, II. ANTIANGINALE DRUGS..................................................................................................... 22
1. Nitrovasodilatoren................................................................................................. 23
III. DRUGS BIJ HARTFALEN.................................................................................................... 23
1. digitalis glycosiden................................................................................................ 23
2. PDE III – inhibitoren............................................................................................... 24
3. Ca2+ antagonisten............................................................................................... 24
4. RAAS-Systeem...................................................................................................... 25
5. Diuretica............................................................................................................... 25
IV. ANTIARRHYTHMICA........................................................................................................ 26
1. Klasse I (A, B, C): snelle Na+ kanaal blokkers.......................................................27
2. Klasse II: Bèta-blokkers.........................................................................................27
3. Klasse III: K+ kanaal blokkers...............................................................................27
4. Klasse IV: Ca2+ kanaal blokkers...........................................................................27
5. Adenosine............................................................................................................. 27
V. HYPOLIPIDEMISCHE DRUGS............................................................................................... 28
1. Statines................................................................................................................. 28
2. Fibraten................................................................................................................. 28
3. Drugs die cholesterol absorptie inhiberen.............................................................29
VI. ANTISTOLLINGSMIDDELEN............................................................................................... 30
1. Anti-aggregantia................................................................................................... 30
2. Anticoagulantia..................................................................................................... 32
3. Thrombolytica....................................................................................................... 33
4. ENDOCRIEN SYSTEEM...............................................................................33
I. ANTIDIABETISCHE DRUGS.................................................................................................. 33
1. Insuline................................................................................................................. 34
2. Metformine............................................................................................................ 34
3. hypoglycemische sulfonamides............................................................................34
4. glinides................................................................................................................. 34
5. glitazones.............................................................................................................. 35
6. incretine mimetica/ GLP-1 agonisten.....................................................................35
7. DDP-4-Inhibitoren (gliptines).................................................................................35
8. SGLT2 inhibitoren (gliflozines)...............................................................................35
9. Glucagon............................................................................................................... 36
II. OBESITAS..................................................................................................................... 36
1. GLP-1 agonisten.................................................................................................... 36
2. GLP-1/GIP dual incretin mimetics..........................................................................36
3. GLP-1/Glucagon duale receptor agonisten............................................................36
4. upcoming weight-loss drugs..................................................................................36
III. THYROID..................................................................................................................... 37
1. Thyroidhormonen.................................................................................................. 37
2. Thyrostatica.......................................................................................................... 37
3. Iodide.................................................................................................................... 37
4. Radioactief iodine.................................................................................................37
IV. CORTICOSTEROIDEN....................................................................................................... 38
V. HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOFYSAIRE HORMONEN............................................................................39
1. Vasopressine analogen......................................................................................... 39
2. GH, somatostatine en analogen............................................................................40
VI. GESLACHTSHORMONEN EN GERELATEERDEN.......................................................................41
1. Oestrogeen........................................................................................................... 41
2. Selectieve oestrogeen receptor modulatoren (SERM) en anti-oestrogenen..........41
3. Aromatase inhibitoren........................................................................................... 42
4. progestogenen...................................................................................................... 42
5. Hormonale contraceptiva......................................................................................42
6. Androgenen en anabole-steroïden........................................................................43
7. Anti-androgenen................................................................................................... 44
8. Drugs tegen lactatie en hyperprolactemie............................................................45
9. Drugs met effect op uterusmotiliteit.....................................................................45
5. GASTRO-INTESTINAAL STELSEL.................................................................47
2
, I. DRUGS BIJ MAAG-DARM PATHOLOGIE...................................................................................47
1. Inhibitoren van maagzuursecretie.........................................................................47
2. Antacida................................................................................................................ 48
II. DRUGS BIJ PROBLEMEN VAN GALKANAAL EN PANCREAS...........................................................48
Introductie- IBD......................................................................................................... 49
III. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES......................................................................................49
1. 5-aminosalicylaten................................................................................................49
2. Glucocorticoiden................................................................................................... 50
3. immunosuppresiva................................................................................................50
4. biologicals............................................................................................................. 50
5. Proteine kinase inhibitoren....................................................................................50
IV. SPASMOLYTICA.............................................................................................................. 50
1. anticholinergica..................................................................................................... 50
2. musculotrope spasmolytische agentia..................................................................50
3. Pepermunt en combinaties...................................................................................50
V. ANTI-EMETICA............................................................................................................... 50
1. Scopolamine......................................................................................................... 51
2. H1-Receptor antagonisten....................................................................................51
3. Antipsychotica....................................................................................................... 51
4. Agentia die GI motiliteit verhogen.........................................................................51
5. 5-HT3 receptor antagonisten................................................................................51
6. NK1 receptor antagonisten...................................................................................52
VI. LAXEERMIDDELEN......................................................................................................... 52
1. Bulk-forming laxatives.......................................................................................... 52
2. Lubricante laxativa................................................................................................ 52
3. Osmotische laxativa..............................................................................................52
4. contactlaxativa..................................................................................................... 53
5. Prucalopride.......................................................................................................... 53
VII. DRUGS TEGEN DIARREE................................................................................................. 53
1. ORS....................................................................................................................... 53
2. adsorbentia........................................................................................................... 54
3. transit inhibitoren.................................................................................................. 54
4. inhibitie van secreties........................................................................................... 54
5. Papaver somniferum............................................................................................. 54
6. Probiotica.............................................................................................................. 54
6. OSTEO-ARTICULAIR STELSEL.....................................................................54
I. ANTIREUMATOÏDE DRUGS.................................................................................................. 54
II. DRUGS TEGEN JICHT....................................................................................................... 56
III. DRUGS BIJ OSTEOPOROSE & ZIEKTE VAN PAGET..................................................................57
7. PIJN, KOORTS & INFLAMMATIE...................................................................59
I. CYCLO-OXYGENASE INHIBITOREN........................................................................................59
II. NARCOTISCHE ANALGETISCHE AGENTIA...............................................................................61
1. pure agonist.......................................................................................................... 61
2. partiele agonisten of mixed agonist/ antagonist...................................................61
3. antagonisten......................................................................................................... 62
8. RESPIRATOIR STELSEL..............................................................................63
I. ASTHMA........................................................................................................................ 63
II. COPD......................................................................................................................... 63
1. B2-adrenoreceptor agonisten................................................................................63
2. anticholinergica = muscarine-R antagonisten.......................................................64
3. inhalatie glucocorticoiden.....................................................................................64
4. cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonisten.........................................................64
5. theofylline............................................................................................................. 64
6. Sodium chromoglicaat.......................................................................................... 65
7. monoclonale Antilichamen....................................................................................65
III. DRUGS TEGEN HET HOESTEN........................................................................................... 65
IV. MUCOLYTICA................................................................................................................ 65
3
