Samenvatting luchtvervoer Bach 2 Sem2
Inhoud
Examen ................................................................................................................ 6
Cursusraamwerk ................................................................................................... 7
Ontwikkelingen in de luchtvaartindustrie .................................................................. 7
Les 1 (H1: 1.1+1.3+1.4) ........................................................................................ 7
1.1 Classificatie van luchtvervoer .......................................................................... 7
1.1.1 Passagiers .............................................................................................. 8
1.1.2 Vracht .................................................................................................... 8
1.1.3 Aandeel van full freight in totaal vervoer .................................................... 9
1.1.4 Beladingsgraad per type transport ............................................................. 9
1.2 Luchtvervoer en modale keuze ........................................................................ 9
1.2.1 Modaal aandeel volumes vs. waarde .......................................................... 9
1.2.2 Waarde van het goed ............................................................................... 9
1.2.3 Snelheid van het transport .......................................................................10
1.2.4 Volume van de zending ...........................................................................10
1.3 Outputindicatoren ........................................................................................11
1.3.1 De indicatoren ........................................................................................11
1.4 Trafiekontwikkelingen ...................................................................................11
Les 2: Institutionele omgeving (H1: 1.2+1.5 & H9: 9.1) ............................................12
2.1 Technologische ontwrichting ..........................................................................12
2.2 Geopolitieke ontwrichting ..............................................................................13
2.2.1 Start van de deregulatie: de USA ..............................................................13
2.2.2 Deregulatie in Europa ..............................................................................13
2.2.3 Freedoms of the air .................................................................................14
2.2.4 Impact van de deregulatie .......................................................................14
2.2.5 Ontwikkelingen na de deregulering ...........................................................15
2.2.6 Samenvatting: wetgevingsverstoringen .....................................................15
2.3 Internationale instellingen .............................................................................15
2.4 Uitdagingen voor de toekomst .......................................................................16
2.4.1 Lage rendabiliteit ....................................................................................16
2.4.2 Fluctuerende brandstofprijzen ..................................................................17
2.4.3 Milieuproblematiek ..................................................................................17
2.4.4 Luchthaven en luchtverkeerscongestie ......................................................18
2.4.5 Nieuwe technologieën opkomst ................................................................18
1
,Samenvatting luchtvervoer Bach 2 Sem2
Les 3&4: Luchthavens (H2) ....................................................................................18
3.1 Categorisering van luchthavens......................................................................18
3.2 Luchthavens in België ...................................................................................19
3.2.1 Brussels Airport ......................................................................................19
3.2.2 Liège Airport ..........................................................................................19
3.2.3 Brussels South – Charleroi Airport ............................................................19
3.2.4 Ostend – Bruges Airport ..........................................................................20
3.2.5 Antwerp Airport ......................................................................................20
3.2.6 Airport Kortrijk – Wevelgem .....................................................................20
3.2.7 Droneport ..............................................................................................21
3.3 Visie op Belgische luchthavens (EXAMEN) ........................................................21
3.3.1 Bevoegdheid voor luchtvervoer in België ...................................................21
3.3.2 Belgische visie op luchtvervoer .................................................................21
3.3.3 Waalse visie op regionale luchthavens .......................................................21
3.3.4 Vlaamse visie op regionale luchthavens .....................................................21
3.3.5 6 Vlaamse beleidskeuzes voor luchtvervoer ...............................................21
3.4 Concurrentie en concurrentievermogen van luchthavens ...................................22
3.4.1 Competitie tussen luchthavens .................................................................22
3.4.2 Concurrentievermogen van luchthavens ....................................................22
3.4.3 Brussels Airport Company en Brucargo ......................................................24
Les 5: luchtvaartmaatschappijen ............................................................................25
5.1 Categorisering van luchtvracht .......................................................................25
5.2 Economische kenmerken van de luchtvaartsector .............................................25
5.2.1 Enkele waarnemingen .............................................................................25
5.2.2 Beïnvloedbare factoren ............................................................................25
5.2.3 Vraag naar luchtvervoer - prijselasticiteit ...................................................26
5.3 Belang van luchtvracht voor gecombineerde luchtvaart-maatschappijen ..............26
5.3.1 Passenger vs cargo .................................................................................26
5.3.2 Demand vs supply ..................................................................................27
5.4 Luchtvrachtstrategieën van niet-geïntegreerde luchtvaart-maatschappijen ..........27
5.5 Integrators ..................................................................................................27
5.5.1 Def integrators .......................................................................................27
5.5.2 Integrators vs. non-integrators.................................................................28
5.5.3 Integrators zijn competitief in 3 industrieën ...............................................28
5.5.4 Uitdagingen en kansen voor integrators .....................................................29
2
,Samenvatting luchtvervoer Bach 2 Sem2
Les 6: Luchtvrachtproces (H3 + H9: 2-5) ................................................................29
6.1 Het export, import en doorvoerproces .............................................................29
6.1.1 Exportproces (boek p74) .........................................................................29
6.1.2 Importproces (boek p75) .........................................................................30
6.1.3 Doorvoerproces ......................................................................................30
6.2 De luchtvrachtbrief (Air waybill) .....................................................................30
6.2.1 Functies van de air waybill .......................................................................30
6.2.2 Air Waybill (AWB) vs Bill of Lading (B/L) EXAMEN .......................................30
6.2.3 Verschillende originelen van de AWB .........................................................31
6.1.4 Onderdelen van de AWB ..........................................................................31
6.3 Luchtvrachtbeveiliging ..................................................................................32
6.3.1 Wettelijk kader .......................................................................................32
6.3.2 Known consignor (erkende afzender) ........................................................32
6.3.3 Known of unknown cargo: praktisch ..........................................................32
6.4 Exportproces op Brussels Airport (verdieping p90-103) .....................................32
6.4.1 Ontstaan van een exportverzending ..........................................................32
6.4.2 Proces zelf .............................................................................................32
6.4.3 Facturatieproces .....................................................................................34
6.5 Importproces op Brussels Airport ...................................................................34
6.5.1 Ontstaan van een importzending ..............................................................34
6.5.2 Aankomst goederen bij afhandelaar ..........................................................34
6.5.3 Invoerformaliteiten .................................................................................34
6.5.4 Levering ................................................................................................34
6.6 Claimsprocedure ..........................................................................................35
6.6.1 Klacht vs claim .......................................................................................35
6.6.2 Wettelijk kader .......................................................................................35
Les 7: Luchtvrachtgoederen (H4: 1-6) ....................................................................36
7.1 Dangerous goods .........................................................................................36
7.1.1 Definitie ................................................................................................36
7.1.2 Regulatie ...............................................................................................36
7.1.3 Classificatie ............................................................................................36
7.1.4 Hidden dangerous goods .........................................................................37
7.1.4 Packaging + labeling ...............................................................................37
7.1.5 Documentatie.........................................................................................38
7.2 Pharmaceuticals ...........................................................................................38
7.2.1 Life science/healthcare ............................................................................38
7.2.2 Type pharmaceuticals..............................................................................38
7.2.3 Verpakking + handling + labeling .............................................................38
3
, Samenvatting luchtvervoer Bach 2 Sem2
7.3 Perishables ..................................................................................................39
7.3.1 Definitie + types .....................................................................................39
7.3.2 Regulatie ...............................................................................................39
7.3.3 Procedures en behandeling ......................................................................39
7.3.4 BRU als hub voor perishable cargo ............................................................40
7.4 Live animals ................................................................................................40
7.4.1 Regulatie ...............................................................................................40
7.4.2 Procedures + handling + documentatie .....................................................40
7.5 General cargo ..............................................................................................40
7.5.1 General cargo ........................................................................................40
7.5.2 Automotive + engineering & manufacturing ...............................................40
7.5.3 Textiles & garments ................................................................................41
7.5.4 Aircraft spares & chemicals ......................................................................41
7.6 Other ..........................................................................................................41
7.6.1 Valuables ...............................................................................................41
7.6.2 Persoonlijke goederen ..........................................................................41
7.6.3 Vehicles + human remains + mail + printed matter ....................................42
Les 8: Kostprijs van luchtvracht (H5) ......................................................................42
8.1 Goederen- en financiële stromen in luchtvracht ................................................42
8.2 Voortransportkosten .....................................................................................42
8.2.1 Afhaling (pick up) ...................................................................................42
8.2.2 Behandeling (handling charges) ................................................................43
8.2.3 Documentatie.........................................................................................43
8.2.4 Uitklaring (customs clearance) .................................................................43
8.2.5 Andere voortransportkosten .....................................................................43
8.3 Airport-to-airport-kosten ...............................................................................43
8.3.1 Freight charge of weight charge ...............................................................43
8.3.2 Surchages .............................................................................................45
8.3.3 Cost at arrival ........................................................................................45
8.4 Tarieven per type cargo ................................................................................45
8.4.1 General cargo ........................................................................................45
8.4.2 Dagerous goods .....................................................................................45
8.4.3 Temperature controled cargo ...................................................................46
8.4.4 Express cargo ........................................................................................46
8.4.5 Andere ..................................................................................................46
8.5 Bepaling totaalprijs .......................................................................................46
4
Inhoud
Examen ................................................................................................................ 6
Cursusraamwerk ................................................................................................... 7
Ontwikkelingen in de luchtvaartindustrie .................................................................. 7
Les 1 (H1: 1.1+1.3+1.4) ........................................................................................ 7
1.1 Classificatie van luchtvervoer .......................................................................... 7
1.1.1 Passagiers .............................................................................................. 8
1.1.2 Vracht .................................................................................................... 8
1.1.3 Aandeel van full freight in totaal vervoer .................................................... 9
1.1.4 Beladingsgraad per type transport ............................................................. 9
1.2 Luchtvervoer en modale keuze ........................................................................ 9
1.2.1 Modaal aandeel volumes vs. waarde .......................................................... 9
1.2.2 Waarde van het goed ............................................................................... 9
1.2.3 Snelheid van het transport .......................................................................10
1.2.4 Volume van de zending ...........................................................................10
1.3 Outputindicatoren ........................................................................................11
1.3.1 De indicatoren ........................................................................................11
1.4 Trafiekontwikkelingen ...................................................................................11
Les 2: Institutionele omgeving (H1: 1.2+1.5 & H9: 9.1) ............................................12
2.1 Technologische ontwrichting ..........................................................................12
2.2 Geopolitieke ontwrichting ..............................................................................13
2.2.1 Start van de deregulatie: de USA ..............................................................13
2.2.2 Deregulatie in Europa ..............................................................................13
2.2.3 Freedoms of the air .................................................................................14
2.2.4 Impact van de deregulatie .......................................................................14
2.2.5 Ontwikkelingen na de deregulering ...........................................................15
2.2.6 Samenvatting: wetgevingsverstoringen .....................................................15
2.3 Internationale instellingen .............................................................................15
2.4 Uitdagingen voor de toekomst .......................................................................16
2.4.1 Lage rendabiliteit ....................................................................................16
2.4.2 Fluctuerende brandstofprijzen ..................................................................17
2.4.3 Milieuproblematiek ..................................................................................17
2.4.4 Luchthaven en luchtverkeerscongestie ......................................................18
2.4.5 Nieuwe technologieën opkomst ................................................................18
1
,Samenvatting luchtvervoer Bach 2 Sem2
Les 3&4: Luchthavens (H2) ....................................................................................18
3.1 Categorisering van luchthavens......................................................................18
3.2 Luchthavens in België ...................................................................................19
3.2.1 Brussels Airport ......................................................................................19
3.2.2 Liège Airport ..........................................................................................19
3.2.3 Brussels South – Charleroi Airport ............................................................19
3.2.4 Ostend – Bruges Airport ..........................................................................20
3.2.5 Antwerp Airport ......................................................................................20
3.2.6 Airport Kortrijk – Wevelgem .....................................................................20
3.2.7 Droneport ..............................................................................................21
3.3 Visie op Belgische luchthavens (EXAMEN) ........................................................21
3.3.1 Bevoegdheid voor luchtvervoer in België ...................................................21
3.3.2 Belgische visie op luchtvervoer .................................................................21
3.3.3 Waalse visie op regionale luchthavens .......................................................21
3.3.4 Vlaamse visie op regionale luchthavens .....................................................21
3.3.5 6 Vlaamse beleidskeuzes voor luchtvervoer ...............................................21
3.4 Concurrentie en concurrentievermogen van luchthavens ...................................22
3.4.1 Competitie tussen luchthavens .................................................................22
3.4.2 Concurrentievermogen van luchthavens ....................................................22
3.4.3 Brussels Airport Company en Brucargo ......................................................24
Les 5: luchtvaartmaatschappijen ............................................................................25
5.1 Categorisering van luchtvracht .......................................................................25
5.2 Economische kenmerken van de luchtvaartsector .............................................25
5.2.1 Enkele waarnemingen .............................................................................25
5.2.2 Beïnvloedbare factoren ............................................................................25
5.2.3 Vraag naar luchtvervoer - prijselasticiteit ...................................................26
5.3 Belang van luchtvracht voor gecombineerde luchtvaart-maatschappijen ..............26
5.3.1 Passenger vs cargo .................................................................................26
5.3.2 Demand vs supply ..................................................................................27
5.4 Luchtvrachtstrategieën van niet-geïntegreerde luchtvaart-maatschappijen ..........27
5.5 Integrators ..................................................................................................27
5.5.1 Def integrators .......................................................................................27
5.5.2 Integrators vs. non-integrators.................................................................28
5.5.3 Integrators zijn competitief in 3 industrieën ...............................................28
5.5.4 Uitdagingen en kansen voor integrators .....................................................29
2
,Samenvatting luchtvervoer Bach 2 Sem2
Les 6: Luchtvrachtproces (H3 + H9: 2-5) ................................................................29
6.1 Het export, import en doorvoerproces .............................................................29
6.1.1 Exportproces (boek p74) .........................................................................29
6.1.2 Importproces (boek p75) .........................................................................30
6.1.3 Doorvoerproces ......................................................................................30
6.2 De luchtvrachtbrief (Air waybill) .....................................................................30
6.2.1 Functies van de air waybill .......................................................................30
6.2.2 Air Waybill (AWB) vs Bill of Lading (B/L) EXAMEN .......................................30
6.2.3 Verschillende originelen van de AWB .........................................................31
6.1.4 Onderdelen van de AWB ..........................................................................31
6.3 Luchtvrachtbeveiliging ..................................................................................32
6.3.1 Wettelijk kader .......................................................................................32
6.3.2 Known consignor (erkende afzender) ........................................................32
6.3.3 Known of unknown cargo: praktisch ..........................................................32
6.4 Exportproces op Brussels Airport (verdieping p90-103) .....................................32
6.4.1 Ontstaan van een exportverzending ..........................................................32
6.4.2 Proces zelf .............................................................................................32
6.4.3 Facturatieproces .....................................................................................34
6.5 Importproces op Brussels Airport ...................................................................34
6.5.1 Ontstaan van een importzending ..............................................................34
6.5.2 Aankomst goederen bij afhandelaar ..........................................................34
6.5.3 Invoerformaliteiten .................................................................................34
6.5.4 Levering ................................................................................................34
6.6 Claimsprocedure ..........................................................................................35
6.6.1 Klacht vs claim .......................................................................................35
6.6.2 Wettelijk kader .......................................................................................35
Les 7: Luchtvrachtgoederen (H4: 1-6) ....................................................................36
7.1 Dangerous goods .........................................................................................36
7.1.1 Definitie ................................................................................................36
7.1.2 Regulatie ...............................................................................................36
7.1.3 Classificatie ............................................................................................36
7.1.4 Hidden dangerous goods .........................................................................37
7.1.4 Packaging + labeling ...............................................................................37
7.1.5 Documentatie.........................................................................................38
7.2 Pharmaceuticals ...........................................................................................38
7.2.1 Life science/healthcare ............................................................................38
7.2.2 Type pharmaceuticals..............................................................................38
7.2.3 Verpakking + handling + labeling .............................................................38
3
, Samenvatting luchtvervoer Bach 2 Sem2
7.3 Perishables ..................................................................................................39
7.3.1 Definitie + types .....................................................................................39
7.3.2 Regulatie ...............................................................................................39
7.3.3 Procedures en behandeling ......................................................................39
7.3.4 BRU als hub voor perishable cargo ............................................................40
7.4 Live animals ................................................................................................40
7.4.1 Regulatie ...............................................................................................40
7.4.2 Procedures + handling + documentatie .....................................................40
7.5 General cargo ..............................................................................................40
7.5.1 General cargo ........................................................................................40
7.5.2 Automotive + engineering & manufacturing ...............................................40
7.5.3 Textiles & garments ................................................................................41
7.5.4 Aircraft spares & chemicals ......................................................................41
7.6 Other ..........................................................................................................41
7.6.1 Valuables ...............................................................................................41
7.6.2 Persoonlijke goederen ..........................................................................41
7.6.3 Vehicles + human remains + mail + printed matter ....................................42
Les 8: Kostprijs van luchtvracht (H5) ......................................................................42
8.1 Goederen- en financiële stromen in luchtvracht ................................................42
8.2 Voortransportkosten .....................................................................................42
8.2.1 Afhaling (pick up) ...................................................................................42
8.2.2 Behandeling (handling charges) ................................................................43
8.2.3 Documentatie.........................................................................................43
8.2.4 Uitklaring (customs clearance) .................................................................43
8.2.5 Andere voortransportkosten .....................................................................43
8.3 Airport-to-airport-kosten ...............................................................................43
8.3.1 Freight charge of weight charge ...............................................................43
8.3.2 Surchages .............................................................................................45
8.3.3 Cost at arrival ........................................................................................45
8.4 Tarieven per type cargo ................................................................................45
8.4.1 General cargo ........................................................................................45
8.4.2 Dagerous goods .....................................................................................45
8.4.3 Temperature controled cargo ...................................................................46
8.4.4 Express cargo ........................................................................................46
8.4.5 Andere ..................................................................................................46
8.5 Bepaling totaalprijs .......................................................................................46
4
